- Fluorescent probe for early mitochondrial voltage dynamics
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Mitochondrial voltage dynamics plays a crucial role in cell healthy and disease. Here, a new fluorescent probe to monitor mitochondrial early voltage variations is described. The slowly permeant probe is retained in mitochondria during measurements to avoid interferences from natural membrane potential by incorporating an hydrolizable ester function. Voltage, local polarity, pH parameters and transmembrane dynamics were found to be deeply correlated opening a approach in mitochondrial sensing.
- Hernández-Juárez, Cinthia,Flores-Cruz, Ricardo,Jiménez-Sánchez, Arturo
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- Thermally reversible fluorans: Synthesis, thermochromic properties and real time application
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In the present study, two fluoran molecules (TH1 and TH2) have been synthesized, and their reversible thermochromic properties have been investigated. This work demonstrates the thermochromic reversibility of the fluoran. Furthermore, the three-component mixtures that comprising fluorans (TH1/TH2), bisphenol-A (color developer), and methyl stearate a low melting solvent were used to examine the thermochromic behavior with sturdy heating and cooling rates and the thermochromic properties of the fluorans were detailed using UV-Vis, reflectance and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. Finally, test strip similar to pH paper and acrylic fiber a versatile material used as thermal indicators also been successfully made from these two fluoran derivatives.
- Kim, Ick Jin,Manivannan, Ramalingam,Son, Young-A
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- Fluorescent Probe for Transmembrane Dynamics during Osmotic Effects
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Membrane tension pores determine organelle dynamics and functions, giving rise to physical observables during the cell death process. While fluorescent organelle-targeted probes for specific chemical analytes are increasingly available, subcellular dynamic processes involving not only chemical parameters but also physicochemical and physical parameters are uncommon. Here, we report a mitochondrial chemical probe, named RCN, rationally designed to monitor osmotic effects during transmembrane tension pore formation by using local mitochondrial polarity and a subcellular localization redistribution property of the probe. Utilizing fluorescence spectroscopy, high-resolution confocal imaging, and spectrally resolved confocal microscopy, we provide a new correlation between mitochondrial dynamics and bleb vesicle formation using osmotic pressure stimuli in the cell, where the mitochondrial local polarity was found to drastically increase. The RCN provides a reliable protocol to assess transmembrane pore formation driven by osmotic pressure increments through local polarity variations and is a more robust physicochemical parameter allowing the health and decease status of the cell to be measured.
- Araiza-Olivera, Daniela,Jiménez-Sánchez, Arturo,Palacios-Serrato, Eva
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- Rhodamine-Derived Fluorescent Dye with Inherent Blinking Behavior for Super-Resolution Imaging
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Super-resolution microscopy enables imaging of structures smaller than the diffraction limit. Single-molecule localization microscopy methods, such as photoactivation localization microscopy and stochastic optical reconstruction microscopy, reconstruct images by plotting the centroids of fluorescent point sources from a series of frames in which only a few molecules are fluorescing at a time. These approaches require simpler instrumentation than methods that depend on structured illumination and thus are becoming widespread. The functionalized rhodamine derivative reported in this paper spontaneously converts between a bright and dark state due to pH-dependent cyclization. At pH 7, less than 0.5% of the dye molecules are fluorescent at any given time. Blinking occurs on time scales of seconds to minutes and can therefore be used for single-molecule localization microscopy without sample treatment or activation. The dye is bright and straightforward to use, and it is easy to synthesize and functionalize. Thus, it has potential to become a new and powerful addition to the toolset for super-resolution imaging.
- MacDonald, Patrick J.,Gayda, Susan,Haack, Richard A.,Ruan, Qiaoqiao,Himmelsbach, Richard J.,Tetin, Sergey Y.
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- Tracking mitochondrial1O2-ROS production through a differential mitochondria-nucleoli fluorescent probe
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The dual-emissive fluorescent probe described here enabled dynamic tracking of singlet oxygen (1O2)-ROS species production and localization dynamics between the mitochondria and nucleoli in the presence of agents perturbing the mitochondrial membrane potential and under a photodynamic (PDT) system. Local structural information during the probe-1O2 interaction was followed by spectrally resolved confocal microscopy.
- Flores-Cruz, Ricardo,Jiménez-Sánchez, Arturo
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- Stepwise structural and fluorescent colour conversion in rhodamine analogues based on light and acid stimulations
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The research and development of multi-stimuli, multi-responsive molecules have attracted considerable attention in chemistry, biology, and material science. Herein, we propose a multi-stimuli-responsive multi-fluorescence system in a single molecule. This system is based on the isomerization that involves ring-opening/closing reactions of spirolactones of rhodamine analogues (ABPXs), developed by our group, which can be independently controlled by light and chemical stimuli. UV light irradiation opens one of the spirolactones to give thermally stable coloured isomer (Z) in solution. Detailed synthetic and theoretical investigations reveal that the ring-opening reaction of ABPXs proceeds via the formation of a photo-induced charge separated state, followed by the recombination of the biradicals. Furthermore, we explore the structure-kinetic relationships and demonstrate that the introduction of electron-donating substituents into the xanthene ring can tune the lifetime of the photo-generated isomer. Chemical stimulation by an acid further promotes the ring-opening reaction to give a red-shifted isomer (D). These light and chemical input signals can be converted into output signals of distinct colour and fluorescence. The multi-stimuli-responsive multi-colour fluorescence could be distinctively expressed through the combinatorial logic gate.
- Tanioka, Masaru,Kamino, Shinichiro,Koga, Natsumi,Sawada, Daisuke
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- A Color-Shifting Near-Infrared Fluorescent Aptamer–Fluorophore Module for Live-Cell RNA Imaging
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Fluorescent light-up RNA aptamers (FLAPs) have become promising tools for visualizing RNAs in living cells. Specific binding of FLAPs to their non-fluorescent cognate ligands results in a dramatic fluorescence increase, thereby allowing RNA imaging. Here, we present a color-shifting aptamer-fluorophore system, where the free dye is cyan fluorescent and the aptamer-dye complex is near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent. Unlike other reported FLAPs, this system enables ratiometric RNA imaging. To design the color-shifting system, we synthesized a series of environmentally sensitive benzopyrylium-coumarin hybrid fluorophores which exist in equilibrium between a cyan fluorescent spirocyclic form and a NIR fluorescent zwitterionic form. As an RNA tag, we evolved a 38-nucleotide aptamer that selectively binds the zwitterionic forms with nanomolar affinity. We used this system as a light-up RNA marker to image mRNAs in the NIR region and demonstrated its utility in ratiometric analysis of target RNAs expressed at different levels in single cells.
- J?schke, Andres,Sunbul, Murat,Wang, Lu,Zhang, Jingye
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supporting information
p. 21441 - 21448
(2021/08/23)
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- Labeling of Microthrix parvicella in situ: A novel FRET probe based on bisoctyl rhodamine B
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Filamentous bacteria, particularly Microthrix parvicella, are mainly responsible for bulking or foaming of activated sludge. Based on the affinity of M. parvicella to the hydrophobic characteristics of long-chain fatty acids, a novel bisoctyl rhodamine B (BORB) and a novel fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) complex probe were prepared herein to study their properties. When the FRET probe was used in in situ activated sludge, M. parvicella was clearly labeled at 20 nmol/L, which was a reduction of 50 times compared to that of the BORB (1 μmol/L) alone and 500 times compared to the carbazole–quinoline probe reported previously. Compared with fluorescence in situ hybridization, M. parvicella could be clearly labeled using BORB and the FRET probe in situ without requiring complicated pretreatments (i.e., shock and broken process, fixed sample, digestion, and lysozyme treatment). This study discusses the facile approach developed for labeling M. parvicella in early warning expansion, thereby inhibiting and controlling sludge bulking in situ.
- Gu, Yingchun,Lin, Dayong,Fei, Xuening,Chen, Yongqiang,Wang, Cuihong,Yang, Qi,Tang, Yalin
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p. 263 - 271
(2019/01/30)
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- Altering Fundamental Trends in the Emission of Xanthene Dyes
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Fluorescent small molecules enable researchers and clinicians to visualize biological events in living cells, tissues, and organs in real time. Herein, the focus is on the structure and properties of the relatively rare benzo[a]xanthenes that exhibit enhanced steric and electronic interactions due to their annulated structures. Three types of fluorophores were synthesized: (i) pH- and solvent-dependent seminaphthorhodafluors, (ii) pH- and solvent-independent seminaphthorhodafluors, and (iii) pH-independent but solvent-sensitive seminaphthorhodamines. The probes exhibited promising far-red to near-infrared (NIR) emission, large Stoke shifts, broad full width at half-maximum (fwhm), relatively high quantum yields, and utility in immunofluorescence staining. Deviation of the π-system from planarity due to changes in the fluorophore ionization state resulted in fluorescence properties that are atypical of common xanthene dyes.
- Wang, Lei G.,Munhenzva, Ian,Sibrian-Vazquez, Martha,Escobedo, Jorge O.,Kitts, Catherine H.,Fronczek, Frank R.,Strongin, Robert M.
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p. 2585 - 2595
(2019/03/07)
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- NEW THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS, MICROENCAPSULATED-THERMOCHROMIC MATERIALS, METHOD FOR PREPARING THE SAME, AND ARTICLE
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The present invention relates to a thermochromic coloring material not using an acid initiator, a microcapsule, a production method thereof, and a product and, more specifically, to a thermochromic coloring material including a thermochromic compound and represented by chemical formula 1, a microcapsule, a production method thereof, and a product. (Wherein R and R1 to R8 are the same as defined in claim 1.)COPYRIGHT KIPO 2019
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Paragraph 0122-0125
(2019/06/08)
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- Development and applications of a near-infrared dye-benzylguanine conjugate to specifically label SNAP-tagged proteins
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Near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes are advantageous over visible ones, for they can avoid the interference from the short-wavelength background emission in biological systems. However, there are a very limited number of NIR probes that can specifically label target proteins in living cells. In this work, a series of long-wavelength dyes (N-NIR, S-NIR, and K-NIR) analogous to the novel Changsha NIR family are synthesized conveniently through a new approach that is different from the previously reported one. These three dyes have similar conjugation structures but exhibit tunable photophysical properties. N-NIR and S-NIR have large extinction coefficients over 100000, and high fluorescence quantum yields. Although NIR absorption and emission of K-NIR are inferior to the former two, it emits in a much longer wavelength region. And all the three dyes can easily pass through the cell membranes to obtain the high-resolution NIR fluorescence images. Furthermore, N-NIR is chosen as the NIR fluorophore to develop a protein-labeling reagent PYBG-D, since it demonstrates the highest fluorescence quantum yield of up to 0.4 (in methanol). PYBG-D is efficiently synthesized through Sonogashira coupling between bromo-substituted N-NIR and alkyne-substituted benzylguanine (PYBG). The conjugate PYBG-D proves to be a specific and efficient label for O6-alkylguanine-DNA alkyltransferase (SNAP-tag) that fused to target proteins in living cells, which contributes to high resolution NIR fluorescence images under a laser confocal microscope.
- Song, Xinbo,Bian, Hui,Wang, Chao,Hu, Mingyu,Li, Ning,Xiao, Yi
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p. 8091 - 8101
(2017/10/13)
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- MOLECULAR PROBES FOR DETECTION AND IMAGING OF PANCREATIC CANCER
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Molecular probes for detecting and imaging pancreatic cancer are disclosed. The probes are modified benzoxanthene fluorophores, which are selectively taken up by pancreatic cancer cells, such as pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Embodiments of the disclosed probes are useful for pancreatic cancer detection, therapeutic monitoring, and/or image-guided surgery.
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Page/Page column 20
(2017/12/29)
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- Unexpected reactivity of the 2′-carboxyl functionality in rhodamine dyes
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Contrary to previous literature reports, the reactivity of the 2′ carboxylic acid in rhodamine dyes was found to be much more reactive than anticipated. Typically, the 4′- or 5′-carboxy functionality in dicaboxyrhodamines is targeted for bioconjugation use due to the supposed unreactivity of the 2′ carboxylic acid. Reactive esters of 2′-carboxyrhodamine dyes lacking the 4′(5′)-carboxy substitutions permit a simplified synthesis of single isomer dyes but possess similar reactivities useful for labeling studies.
- Haack, Richard A.,Gayda, Susan,Himmelsbach, Richard J.,Tetin, Sergey Y.
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p. 1733 - 1737
(2017/04/13)
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- Synthesis of novel tert-butyl substituted fluorans and an investigation of their thermochromic behavior
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In the present study, six tert-butyl substituted fluorans have been synthesized, and their reversible thermochromic properties have been investigated. This work is the first direct demonstration of the role of the substituent on the lactone concerning the thermochromic reversibility of the fluoran. The electron donating substituents induced greater chromic effects than the electron withdrawing substituents. Furthermore, the three-component mixtures that contained fluorans, bisphenol-A, and methyl stearate or 1-dodecanol were used to examine the thermochromic behavior of the fluorans as bulk samples with steady heating and cooling process. The thermochromic properties of the fluorans were evaluated using solid-state UV-Vis, reflectance and FT-IR spectroscopic techniques. DFT calculations were conducted to rationalize the optical behavior of the fluoran in spirolactam form and cationic form. Finally, one of the synthesized fluoran has been successfully converted into the form of a test paper similar to pH paper and acrylic fiber tape for use as thermal indicators.
- Oh, Wooram,Angupillai, Satheshkumar,Muthukumar, Palanisamy,So, Hee-Soo,Son, Younga
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p. 235 - 245
(2016/03/08)
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- ANALYTE DETECTION USING NEAR-INFRARED FLUOROPHORES
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Embodiments of compounds for selectively detecting an analyte are disclosed, along with methods and kits for detecting analytes with the compounds. The compounds are bridged viologen conjugates including at least one fluorophore according to the general structure At least one of R1/R2, R2/R3, R3/R4, R5/R6, R6/R7, and/or R7/R8 together form a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl or aryl.
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Paragraph 0144; 0216
(2016/08/29)
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- Spectrofluorimetric determination of trace nitrite with a novel fluorescent probe
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A simple, sensitive and selective fluorimetric determination for trace nitrites was developed using an unsymmetrical rhodamine with a high fluorescence quantum yield and large Stokes shift. The method is based on the reaction of the unsymmetrical rhodamine with nitrite in an acidic medium to form a nitroso product, which has much lower fluorescence because the electron-withdrawing effect of the nitroso group influences the system of p-π conjugation between N atom and benzene ring. Under optimum conditions, the fluorescence quenching intensity is linear over a nitrite concentration range of 1.0 × 10-8 to 3.5 × 10-7 M. The detection limit is 2.0 × 10-10 M (S/N = 3). The method was applied to the determination of nitrite in tap water and lake water with satisfactory results. The mechanism for the reaction is also reported.
- Liu, Qing-Hao,Yan, Xi-Long,Guo, Jin-Chun,Wang, Dong-Hua,Li, Lei,Yan, Fan-Yong,Chen, Li-Gong
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experimental part
p. 789 - 793
(2009/12/01)
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- Pyrrylfluoran compounds
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This invention discloses novel pyrrylfluoran compounds useful as the color-precursors or imaging sources in pressure-sensitive copy papers and in thermally-sensitive imaging papers, and a process for preparing these compounds which involves reacting under mild acid catalysis a mixture containing equimolar parts of a 2-amino-6-dialkylaminofluoran and a diketone taken from the group consisting of acetonylacetone, 2,5-heptanedione and 3,6-octanedione.
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