- Synthesis and utility of dihydropyridine boronic esters
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When activated by an acylating agent, pyridine boronic esters react with organometallic reagents to form a dihydropyridine boronic ester. This intermediate allows access to a number of valuable substituted pyridine, dihydropyridine, and piperidine products.
- Panda, Santanu,Coffin, Aaron,Nguyen, Q. Nhu,Tantillo, Dean J.,Ready, Joseph M.
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supporting information
p. 2205 - 2209
(2016/02/18)
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- Cobalt-catalyzed C4-selective direct alkylation of pyridines
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How pyridine got its tail: A new catalyst for the atom-economical C4-selective direct alkylation of pyridines is described. A combination of CoBr2 and LiBEt3H catalyzes the reaction of pyridines with 1-alkenes at 70 °C to give alkylation products with C4/C2 ratios of >20:1. Substrate/catalyst ratios of up to 4000, and a turnover number of 3440 were achieved.
- Andou, Takashi,Saga, Yutaka,Komai, Hirotomo,Matsunaga, Shigeki,Kanai, Motomu
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supporting information
p. 3213 - 3216
(2013/04/23)
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- Zn-promoted regio- and sequence-selective one-pot joining reactions of three components: vinylpyridines, alkyl iodides, and carbonyl compounds (or nitriles)
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Addition of alkyl iodides (3) into the solution containing 2-(or 4-)vinylpyridine (1 or 2) and carbonyl compounds (6) in the presence of Zn-powder (99.9%) in acetonitrile under refluxing brought about regio- and sequence-selective joining reaction of thre
- Mineyama, Kenji,Maekawa, Hirofumi,Kohsaka, Akihiro,Yamamoto, Yoshimasa,Nishiguchi, Ikuzo
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experimental part
p. 7706 - 7711
(2009/12/04)
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- Synthesis of N-arylpyridinium salts bearing a nitrone spin trap as potential mitochondria-targeted antioxidants
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The generation of excess reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria is responsible for much of the oxidative stress associated with ageing (aging), and mitochondrial dysfunction is part of the pathology of neurodegeneration and type 2 diabetes. Lipophilic pyridinium ions are known to accumulate in mitochondria and this paper describes a general route for the preparation of nitrone-containing N-arylpyridinium salts having a range of lipophilicities, as potential therapeutic antioxidants. The compatibility of nitrones with the Zincke reaction is the key to their synthesis. Their trapping of carbon-centred radicals and the EPR spectra of the resulting nitroxides are reported.
- Robertson, Linsey,Hartley, Richard C.
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experimental part
p. 5284 - 5292
(2009/11/30)
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- BIS-PYRIDINIUM COMPOUNDS
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A method of treating, inhibiting, or preventing an infection in a subject is described. The method comprises administering to the subject an effective amount of at least one bis-pyridinium compound. The bis-pyridinium compound comprises two aromatic ring structures. Each of the ring structures comprises a pyridine ring, and the ring structures are linked by a linker group of at least 8 atoms in length, said linker group being attached to the nitrogen atoms of the pyridine rings. At least one substituent on at least one of the ring structures is an alkyl group having at least 2 carbon atoms, and no substituent on either of the ring structures is -OH, -SH or an amine group.
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Page/Page column 23-24
(2008/06/13)
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- AN IMPROVED SYNTHESIS OF 4-SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES FROM NITRILES
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4-substituted pyridines have been prepared by a four-step sequence in 23-27percent overall yield from nitriles.
- Chelucci, Giorgio,Giacomelli, Giampaolo,Scano, Gianfranco
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p. 107 - 108
(2007/10/02)
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- A NOVEL 1,2-ALKYL MIGRATION OF TRIALKYL(4-PYRIDYL)BORATES
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The reaction of lithium trialkyl(4-pyridyl)borates with Lewis acids or acylating agents produced 4-alkylpyridines via 1,2-alkyl migration from boron to pyridine ring.
- Ishikura, Minoru,Ohta, Tsukasa,Terashima, Masanao
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p. 2793 - 2796
(2007/10/02)
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- Alkylation of Pyridine in Free Radical Chain Reactions Utilizing Alkylmercurials
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Pyridines or N,N,N',N'-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine will undergo a photostimulated free radical chain reaction with alkylmercury halides or carboxylates, yielding ring alkylated substitution products.Alkene mercuration products (R1CH(Y)CH(R2)HgX with Y=HO, RO, CH3CONH; X=Cl, CH3CO2, CF3CO2) can be used without isolation for the alkylation reaction
- Russell, Glen A.,Guo, Deliang,Khanna, Rajive K.
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p. 3423 - 3425
(2007/10/02)
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- A Convenient Method for the Regioselective Synthesis of 4-Alkyl(aryl)pyridines Using Pyridinium Salts
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RCu.BF3 reacted with 1-ethocycarbonylpyridinium chloride at the 4-position with almost complete regioselectivity (>99percent) to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives in high yields (81-94percent).The dihydropyridines were oxidized by oxygen to give 4-alkyl(aryl)pyridines (38-68percent).Grignard reagents also reacted with 1-t-butyldimethylsilylpyridinium triflate with almost complete regioselectivity (>99percent) to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridines, which were easily oxidized to give 4-substituted pyridines in higher yields than above (58-70percent).
- Akiba, Kin-ya,Iseki, Yuji,Wada, Makoto
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p. 1994 - 1999
(2007/10/02)
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- REGIOSELECTIVE SYNTHESIS OF 4-ALKYLPYRIDINES VIA 1,4-DIHYDROPYRIDINE DERIVATIVES FROM PYRIDINE
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N-Ethoxycarbonylpyridinium chloride (1) reacted with at 4-position with almost complete regioselectivity (better than 99percent) to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (2) in high yields (81 ca. 94percent).The dihydropyridines were readily oxidized by oxygen to give 4-alkylpyridines (4:38 ca. 68percent yields).
- Akiba, Kin-ya,Iseki, Yuji,Wada, Makoto
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p. 429 - 432
(2007/10/02)
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- FACILE SYNTHESIS OF 4-SUBSTITUTED PYRIDINES USING GRIGNARD REAGENTS
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N-t-Butyldimethylsilylpyridinium triflate (2) reacted with Grignard reagents at 4-position with almost complete regioselectivity (99percent) to afford the corresponding 1,4-dihydropyridine derivatives (3), which are easily oxidized by oxygen to give 4-substituted pyridines (4: 58-70percent).
- Akiba, Kin-ya,Iseki, Yuji,Wada, Makoto
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p. 3935 - 3936
(2007/10/02)
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