cas 2973-76-4, 5-Bromovanillin | Articles data

Articles about 2973-76-4Total 97 be found

Article title
Article abstract
Author
Journal number and time
Download

Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel N,N′-bis- methylenedioxybenzyl-alkylenediamines as bivalent anti-Alzheimer disease ligands
A novel series of N,N′-bis-methylenedioxybenzyl-alkylenediamines 5a5g have been designed, synthesized and evaluated as bivalent anti-Alzheimer's disease ligands. The enzyme inhibition assay results indicated that compounds 5e5g inhibit both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) in the micromolar range (IC50, 2.764.24 M for AChE and 3.025.14 M for BuChE), which was in the same potential as the reference compound rivastigmine (IC50, 5.50 M for AChE and 1.60 M for BuChE). It was found that compounds could bind simultaneously to the peripheral and catalytic sites of AChE. β-Amyloid (Aβ) aggregation inhibition assay results showed that compound 5e exhibited highest self-mediated Aβ fibril aggregation inhibition activity (40.3%) with a similar potential as curcumin (41.6%). It was also found that 5e5g did not affect neuroblastoma cell viability at the concentration of 50 μM.
Luo, Wen,Li, Yan-Ping,Tan, Jia-Heng,Gu, Lian-Quan,Huang, Zhi-Shu
p. 706 - 711
(2011)
Read Online

Synthesis of the Sesquiterpenes Albicanol, Drimanol, and Drimanic Acid, and the Marine Sesquiterpene Hydroquinone Deoxyspongiaquinol
A TiIII-mediated radical cyclization cascade has been used for the synthesis of the sesquiterpenes (+)-albicanol, (+)-drimanol, and (+)-drimanic acid. Starting from all-trans-farnesol, (+)-albicanol could be prepared in seven steps in an overal
G?hl, Matthias,Seifert, Karlheinz
p. 6975 - 6982
(2014)
Read Online

Synthesis and Pharmacological Evaluation of Noscapine-Inspired 5-Substituted Tetrahydroisoquinolines as Cytotoxic Agents
A series of 5-substituted tetrahydroisoquinolines was synthesized via a 10-step linear synthesis to assess whether replacement of noscapine's southern isobenzofuranone with other moieties resulted in retained cytotoxic activity. One such molecule, 18g, bearing a para-methoxybenzyl functionality with N-ethylcarbamoyl substitution, produced cell-cycle arrest at the G2/M phase with an EC50 of 2.7 μM in the MCF-7 breast-cancer cell line, a 7-fold increase compared with that of noscapine (5). This molecule had similar activity (EC50 of 2.5 μM) against the resistant NCI/AdrRES cell line, demonstrating its potential to overcome or avert known resistance mechanisms, unlike current cytotoxic agents. Compound 18g was found to modify the drug-efflux activity of P-gp and, in combination studies, potentiate the antiproliferative activity of vinblastine. These results provide insights into structural modifications to noscapine that will guide future development toward more potent cytotoxic agents that are active against resistant cancer cells.
Devine, Shane M.,Yong, Cassandra,Amenuvegbe, Dzifa,Aurelio, Luigi,Muthiah, Divya,Pouton, Colin,Callaghan, Richard,Capuano, Ben,Scammells, Peter J.
p. 8444 - 8456
(2018)
Read Online

Syntheses of novel pyrazolines as antibacterial agents from natural product vanillin
A series of pyrazoline derivatives have been synthesized from natural vanillin and tested as antibacterial agents by diffusion method. Pyrazolines were synthesized from vanillin via chalcone intermediate. The structure of all the products was elucidated b
Setyawati, Amri,Wahyuningsih, Tutik Dwi,Purwono, Bambang
p. 454 - 456
(2017)
Read Online

Design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of novel 2-amino-3-(7-methoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)propanoic acid using Horseradish peroxidase (HRP) activity, cellular ROS inhibition and molecular docking study
In this paper, we report the design, synthesis and biochemical evaluation of 2-amino-3-(7-methoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)propanoic acid 9, a myristicin derivative, from cheap and available vanillin as starting material. Compound 9 is identified as a potential precursor of natural brasiliamide derivatives. All the products are fully characterized. The crystal structure of the intermediate diethyl 2-acetamido-2-((7-methoxybenzo[d][1,3]dioxol-5-yl)methyl)malonate 16, a precursor of this amino acid, is obtained and presented. The interactions stabilizing the crystal packing of 16 were deeply analyzed by considering first the supramolecular stacking and finally, by analyzing the contacts descriptors on the Hirshfeld surface, the molecular fingerprint and the intermolecular energy. Different biochemical properties of the desired amino acid 9 and its selected precursors are investigated. In DPPH test, 9 showed the best anti-radical activity (IC50 = 80.91 μM). The enzymatic, HRP-H2O2/L012, chemiluminescence assay reveals excellent inhibitory effect on the peroxidase activity and a good antioxidant activity of all the tested compounds with the best activity for 9 (IC50 = 0.36 μM). The anti-peroxidase activity observed for compound 9 was confirmed by molecular docking exploration that allows to identify interactions in the HRP-9 complex. Docking results showed that 9 interacts with catalytic and active site residues, especially with Arg38, His42, Ser73, Phe68 and Pro139. Moreover, the inhibition of ROS production by activated HL-60 cells was moderately obtained with compounds 9 and 13. The MTS cell viability test reveals that all tested compounds, except myristicin aldehyde 13, were not cytotoxic indicating that the observed inhibition of ROS production of activated HL-60 cells was not due to cells death. Finally, physicochemical and ADME-Tox predictions suggested that compound 9 could be considered as promising drug candidate.
Demonceau, Albert,Etsè, Koffi Sénam,Mouithys-Mickalad, Ange,Serteyn, Didier,Zaragoza, Guillermo
(2021/10/29)

First synthesis of tabamides A–C and their derivatives: In vitro nitric oxide inhibitory activity
The first synthesis of natural phenolic amides, tabamides A–C (1–3), and their derivatives (4–12) was accomplished using Stobbe condensation and amide coupling reactions as key steps. The in vitro nitric oxide (NO) inhibitory effects of these compounds in LPS-induced RAW-264.7 macrophages were evaluated as an indicator of anti-inflammatory activity. All compounds tested had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect on NO production by RAW-264.7 macrophages without significant cytotoxicity. Compound 6, a tabamide A derivative (IC50 = 82.6 μM), followed by tabamide A (1, IC50 = 100.7 μM), was the most potent from the series. The present study revealed that tabamide A (1) could be considered as a lead structure to develop NO production-targeted anti-inflammatory agents.
Damodar, Kongara,Shin, Sooyong,Jeon, Sung Ho,Lee, Jeong Tae
supporting information

(2021/11/10)

Antidiabetic activity in vitro and in vivo of BDB, a selective inhibitor of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, from Rhodomela confervoides
Background and Purpose: Protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) 1B (PTP1B) plays a critical role in the regulation of obesity, Type 2 diabetes mellitus and other metabolic diseases. However, drug candidates exhibiting PTP1B selectivity and oral bioavailability are currently lacking. Here, the enzyme inhibitory characteristics and pharmacological benefits of 3-bromo-4,5-bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl)-1,2-benzenediol (BDB) were investigated in vitro and in vivo. Experimental Approach: Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) assay was performed to validate the direct binding of BDB to PTP1B, and Lineweaver–Burk analysis of the enzyme kinetics was used to characterise the inhibition by BDB. Both in vitro enzyme-inhibition assays and SPR experiments were also conducted to study the selectivity exhibited by BDB towards four other PTP-family proteins: TC-PTP, SHP-1, SHP-2, and LAR. C2C12 myotubes were used to evaluate cellular permeability to BDB. Effects of BDB on insulin signalling, hypoglycaemia and hypolipidaemia were investigated in diabetic BKS db mice, after oral gavage. The beneficial effects of BDB on pancreatic islets were examined based on insulin and/or glucagon staining. Key Results: BDB acted as a competitive inhibitor of PTP1B and demonstrated high selectivity for PTP1B among the tested PTP-family proteins. Moreover, BDB was cell-permeable and enhanced insulin signalling in C2C12 myotubes. Lastly, oral administration of BDB produced effective antidiabetic effects in spontaneously diabetic mice and markedly improved islet architecture, which was coupled with an increase in the ratio of β-cells to α-cells. Conclusion and Implications: BDB application offers a potentially practical pharmacological approach for treating Type 2 diabetes mellitus by selectively inhibiting PTP1B.
Guo, Shuju,Jiang, Bo,Li, Chao,Li, Xiangqian,Luo, Jiao,Shi, Dayong,Wang, Lijun,Yu, Rilei,Zheng, Meiling
(2020/09/02)

Bromophenol-pyrazoline compound as well as synthesis method and application thereof (by machine translation)
The invention relates to a compound, in particular to a bromophenol-pyrazoline compound as well as a synthesis method and application thereof. The bromophenol-pyrazoline compound has the following structural general formula: The bromophenol-pyrazoline compound provided by the invention has high-efficiency main protease MPro Activity can be inhibited, and the replication of coronavirus can be disturbed in cells, so that the compound has the efficacy of treating coronavirus pneumonia, and has wide application prospects in preparation of medicines for treating coronavirus pneumonia. (by machine translation)
-
Paragraph 0026-0029

(2020/11/12)

Stepwise mechanism for the bromination of arenes by a hypervalent iodine reagent
A mild, metal-free bromination method of arenes has been developed using the combination of bis(trifluoroacetoxy)iodobencene and trimethylsilyl bromide. In situ-formed dibromo(phenyl)-λ3-iodane (PhIBr2) is proposed as the reactive intermediate. This methodology using PIFA/TMSBr has been applied with success to a great number of substrates (25 examples). The treatment of mono-substituted activated arenes led to para-brominated products (2u-z) in excellent 83-96% yields. Density functional theory calculations indicate a stepwise mechanism involving a double bromine addition followed by a type II dyotropic reaction with concomitant re-aromatization of the six-membered ring.
Arrieta, Ana,Cossío, Fernando P.,Granados, Albert,Shafir, Alexandr,Vallribera, Adelina
p. 2142 - 2150
(2020/03/11)

Design, synthesis, and activity evaluation of novel N-benzyl deoxynojirimycin derivatives for use as α-glucosidase inhibitors
To obtain α-glucosidase inhibitors with high activity, 19 NB-DNJDs (N-benzyldeoxynojirimycin derivatives) were designed and synthesized. The results indicated that the 19 NBDNJDs displayed different inhibitory activities towards α-glucosidase in vitro. Compound 18a (1- (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol) showed the highest activity, with an IC50 value of 0.207 ± 0.11 mM, followed by 18b (1-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5- methoxybenzyl)-2-(hydroxymethyl) piperidine-3,4,5-triol, IC50: 0.276 ± 0.13 mM). Both IC50 values of 18a and 18b were significantly lower than that of acarbose (IC50: 0.353 ± 0.09 mM). According to the structure-activity analysis, substitution of the benzyl and bromine groups on the benzene ring decreased the inhibition activity, while methoxy and hydroxyl group substitution increased the activity, especially with the hydroxyl group substitution. Molecular docking results showed that three hydrogen bonds were formed between compound 18a and amino acids in the active site of α- glucosidase. Additionally, an arene-arene interaction was also modelled between the phenyl ring of compound 18a and Arg 315. The three hydrogen bonds and the arene-arene interaction resulted in a low binding energy (-5.8 kcal/mol) and gave 18a a higher inhibition activity. Consequently, compound 18a is a promising candidate as a new α-glucosidase inhibitor for the treatment of type II diabetes.
Zeng, Fanxin,Yin, Zhongping,Chen, Jiguang,Nie, Xuliang,Lin, Ping,Lu, Tao,Wang, Meng,Peng, Dayong
(2019/09/19)

Toward a treatment of diabesity: In vitro and in vivo evaluation of uncharged bromophenol derivatives as a new series of PTP1B inhibitors
Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has been considered as a validated biological target for type 2 diabetes treatment, but past endeavors to develop inhibitors of PTP1B into drugs have been unsuccessful. Two challenging aspects are selective inhibition and cell permeability. A structure-based strategy was employed to develop uncharged bromophenols as a new series of PTP1B inhibitors. The most potent compound 22 (LXQ46) inhibited PTP1B with an IC50 value of 0.190 μM, and showed remarkable selectivity over other protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs, 20–200 folds). In the SPR study, increasing concentrations of compound 22 led to concentration-dependent increases in binding responses, indicating that compound 22 could bind to the surface of PTP1B via noncovalent means. By treating insulin-resistant C2C12 myotubes with compound 22, enhanced insulin and leptin signaling pathways were observed. Long-term oral administration of compound 22 reduced the blood glucose level of diabetic BKS db mice. The glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) and insulin tolerance tests (ITT) in BKS db mice showed that oral administration of compound 22 could increase insulin sensitivity. In addition, long-term oral administration of compound 22 could protect mice from obesity, which was not the result of toxicity. Our pharmacokinetics results from the rat-based assays showed that orally administered compound 22 was absorbed rapidly from the gastrointestinal tract, extensively distributed to the tissues, and rapidly eliminated from the body. All these results indicate that compound 22 could serve as a qualified agent to treat type II diabetes.
Li, Xiangqian,Xu, Qi,Li, Chao,Luo, Jiao,Li, Xiuxue,Wang, Lijun,Jiang, Bo,Shi, Dayong
supporting information
p. 178 - 185
(2019/02/05)

Compound for treating or preventing hepatopathy (by machine translation)
The invention discloses a compound, an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, an optical isomer or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof for treating or preventing hepatopathy, and the compound, optical isomer or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof can be applied to the preparation of a medicine for treating or preventing liver diseases. (by machine translation)
-
Paragraph 0229-0230; 0231

(2019/10/01)

Peroxo–tungstate(VI) complexes: syntheses, characterization, reactivity, and DFT studies
Abstract: Three new oxodiperoxo–tungsten(VI) complexes containing benzene core carboxylic acids, viz., benzoic acid, 2-chlorobenzoic acid, and 3-aminobenzoic acid as co-ligands have been synthesized from reaction of Na2WO6H4, 30% H2O2 and the corresponding co-ligands in aqueous medium. The compounds have been comprehensively characterized by elemental analyses, FT-IR, 1H NMR, UV–Vis spectral studies as well as by mass spectrometric and TGA analyses. The infrared spectra suggest occurrence of terminally bonded W=O as well as triangular bidentate peroxo groups (C2v) and monodentate carboxylate group bound to the WO4+ center. The mass spectra of the compounds are in good agreement with proposed molecular formulations. Thermogravimetric analyses indicate the existence of both lattice and coordinated water molecules in the complexes. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were used to compute the frequencies of relevant vibrational modes, electronic properties and also to investigate structure of the compounds. Compound potassium(aquo)(2-chlorobenzoato)oxodiperoxo–tungstate(VI)dihydrate acts as an oxidant for bromide ion in aqueous phase bromination of chosen organic substrates to their corresponding bromo-organics. Graphical abstract: [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
Das, Nandita,Chowdhury, Shubhamoy,Purkayastha, Ranendra N. Dutta
p. 1255 - 1266
(2019/07/04)

Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel combretastatin A-4 thio derivatives as microtubule targeting agents
A series of novel combretastatin A-4 (CA-4) thio derivatives containing different molecular cores, namely α-phenylcinnamic acids (core 1), (Z)-stilbenes (core 2), 4,5-disubstituted oxazoles (core 3), and 4,5-disubstituted N-methylimidazoles (core 4), as cis-restricted analogues were designed and synthesized. They were selected with the use of a parallel virtual screening protocol including the generation of a virtual combinatorial library based on an elaborated synthesis protocol of CA-4 analogues. The selected compounds were evaluated for antiproliferative activity against a panel of six human cancer cell lines (A431, HeLa, MCF7, MDA-MB-231, A549 and SKOV) and two human non-cancer cell lines (HaCaT and CCD39Lu). Moreover, the effect of the test compounds on the inhibition of tubulin polymerization in vitro was estimated. In the series studied here, oxazole-bridged analogues exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity. Compounds 23a, 23e, and 23i efficiently inhibited tubulin polymerization with IC50 values of 0.86, 1.05, and 0.85 μM, respectively. Thio derivative 23i, when compared to its oxygen analogue 23j, showed a 5-fold higher inhibitory impact on tubulin polymerization. Compounds 23e and 23i, which showed both best cytotoxic and antitubulin activity, were further studied in terms of their effect on cell cycle distribution and proapoptotic activity. Compound 23e induced a statistically significant block of the cell cycle at the G2/M phase in A431, HaCaT, HeLa, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SKOV-3 cells to an extent comparable to that observed in CA-4. In HeLa and SKOV-3 cells incubated with 23i, a concentration-dependent block of the G2/M phase was observed. The proapoptotic effect of 23e and 23i in A431, HaCaT, MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, and SKOV-3 was demonstrated with ELISA assay and double staining with Annexin V-FITC/PI. The results indicated that compound 23e and 23i may serve as novel lead compounds in research on more effective anticancer agents.
Stefański, Tomasz,Mikstacka, Renata,Kurczab, Rafa?,Dutkiewicz, Zbigniew,Kucińska, Ma?gorzata,Murias, Marek,Zielińska-Przyjemska, Ma?gorzata,Cichocki, Micha?,Teubert, Anna,Kaczmarek, Mariusz,Hogendorf, Adam,Sobiak, Stanis?aw
supporting information
p. 797 - 816
(2018/01/03)

Regioselective Halogenation of Arenes and Heterocycles in Hexafluoroisopropanol
Regioselective halogenation of arenes and heterocycles with N-halosuccinimides in fluorinated alcohols is disclosed. Under mild condition reactions, a wide diversity of halogenated arenes are obtained in good yields with high regioselectivity. Additionally, the versatility of the method is demonstrated by the development of one-pot sequential halogenation and halogenation-Suzuki cross-coupling reactions.
Tang, Ren-Jin,Milcent, Thierry,Crousse, Benoit
p. 930 - 938
(2018/01/28)

Halogenated trimethoprim derivatives as multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus therapeutics
Incorporation of halogen atoms to drug molecule has been shown to improve its properties such as enhanced in membrane permeability and increased hydrophobic interactions to its target. To investigate the effect of halogen substitutions on the antibacterial activity of trimethoprim (TMP), we synthesized a series of halogen substituted TMP and tested for their antibacterial activities against global predominant methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains. Structure-activity relationship analysis suggested a trend in potency that correlated with the ability of the halogen atom to facilitate in hydrophobic interaction to saDHFR. The most potent derivative, iodinated trimethoprim (TMP-I), inhibited pathogenic bacterial growth with MIC as low as 1.25 μg/mL while the clinically used TMP derivative, diaveridine, showed resistance. Similar to TMP, synergistic studies indicated that TMP-I functioned synergistically with sulfamethoxazole. The simplicity in the synthesis from an inexpensive starting material, vanillin, highlighted the potential of TMP-I as antibacterial agent for MRSA infections.
Nilchan, Napon,Phetsang, Wanida,Nowwarat, Taechin,Chaturongakul, Soraya,Jiarpinitnun, Chutima
p. 5343 - 5348
(2018/05/25)

A Modular Access to (±)-Tubocurine and (±)-Curine - Formal Total Synthesis of Tubocurarine
Two consecutive Cu-catalyzed Ullmann-type C-O couplings permitted the first successful entry toward the curare alkaloids (±)-tubocurine and (±)-curine. Starting from vanillin, the synthetic sequence comprises 15 linear steps and includes a total of 24 transformations. In addition, the total synthesis of tubocurine represents a formal total synthesis of the famous arrow poison alkaloid tubocurarine.
Otto, Nicola,Ferenc, Dorota,Opatz, Till
p. 1205 - 1217
(2018/06/18)

The Synthesis of Certain Derivatives and Analogues of (-)- and (+)-Galanthamine and an Assessment of their Capacities to Inhibit Acetylcholine Esterase
Syntheses of certain di- and mono-oxygenated derivatives (e.g., 2 and 3, respectively) and analogues (e.g., 4, a D-ring monoseco-analogue of 2) of both the (-)- and (+)-enantiomeric forms of the alkaloid galanthamine [(-)-1] are reported. All have been assessed for their capacities to inhibit acetylcholine esterase but, in contrast to the predictions from docking studies, none bind strongly to this enzyme.
Buckler, Joshua N.,Taher, Ehab S.,Fraser, Nicolas J.,Willis, Anthony C.,Carr, Paul D.,Jackson, Colin J.,Banwell, Martin G.
p. 7869 - 7886
(2017/08/14)

Efficient One-Pot Synthesis of Tetrahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isoquinolines by Using Domino Pictet–Spengler/Friedel–Crafts-Type Reactions
This study describes a facile and efficient one-pot method for the synthesis of a tetrahydronaphtho[2,1-f]isoquinoline alkaloid. An N-protected amino aldehyde biaryl substrate underwent domino Pictet–Spengler/Friedel–Crafts-type cyclization reactions to p
Khunnawutmanotham, Nisachon,Sahakitpichan, Poolsak,Chimnoi, Nitirat,Techasakul, Supanna
p. 6434 - 6440
(2017/12/01)

Synthetic approaches to pallimamine and analogues using direct imine acylation
The use of Direct Imine Acylation (DIA) methodology for the total synthesis of pallimamine is described, with three different synthetic routes examined. The construction of three advanced δ-lactam precursors, all utilising DIA, is described, along with attempts to progress these compounds further, using three distinct desymmetrisation strategies, two involving alcohol-aryl coupling, and a third involving an unusual diastereoselective lactonisation.
Ronson, Thomas O.,Kitsiou, Christiana,Unsworth, William P.,Taylor, Richard J.K.
p. 6099 - 6106
(2016/09/14)

Selective and efficient generation of ortho-brominated para-substituted phenols in ACS-grade methanol
The mono ortho-bromination of phenolic building blocks by NBS has been achieved in short reaction times (15-20 min) using ACS-grade methanol as a solvent. The reactions can be conducted on phenol, naphthol and biphenol substrates, giving yields of >86% on gram scale. Excellent selectivity for the desired mono ortho-brominated products is achieved in the presence of 10 mol % para-TsOH, and the reaction is shown to be tolerant of a range of substituents, including CH3/ F,and NHBoc.
Georgiev, David,Saes, Bartholomews W.H.,Johnston, Heather J.,Boys, Sarah K.,Healy, Alan,Hulme, Alison N.
(2016/02/05)

Pyrazoline derivatives and application thereof
The invention discloses pyrazoline derivatives. The structural formula of the pyrazoline derivatives is shown in the description, wherein R1 is hydrogen, halogeno, hydroxyl, nitro, alkyl or alkoxy; R2 is halogeno, hydroxyl, alkyl or alkoxy; R is hydrogen,
-
Paragraph 0048-0050

(2018/02/04)

Microwave assisted solid phase catalyst-free Biginelli synthesis of 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one and 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-thione: A green approach, characterization and molecular crystal structures
Solid phase catalyst-free Biginelli synthesis of novel 5-carbethoxy-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-6-methyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one (C15H17BrN2O5) and 5-carbethoxy-4-(3-bromo-4-hydroxy-5-methoxyphe
Maru, Minaxi S.
p. 53 - 62
(2016/12/22)

Efficient and Practical Oxidative Bromination and Iodination of Arenes and Heteroarenes with DMSO and Hydrogen Halide: A Mild Protocol for Late-Stage Functionalization
An efficient and practical system for inexpensive bromination and iodination of arenes as well as heteroarenes by using readily available dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and HX (X = Br, I) reagents is reported. This mild oxidative system demonstrates a versatile protocol for the synthesis of aryl halides. HX (X = Br, I) are employed as halogenating reagents when combined with DMSO which participates in the present chemistry as a mild and inexpensive oxidant. This oxidative system is amenable to late-stage bromination of natural products. The kilogram-scale experiment (>95% yield) shows great potential for industrial application.
Song, Song,Sun, Xiang,Li, Xinwei,Yuan, Yizhi,Jiao, Ning
supporting information
p. 2886 - 2889
(2015/06/30)

Practical Ligand-Free Copper-Catalysed Short-Chain Alkoxylation of Unactivated Aryl Bromides
An efficient and practical short-chain alkoxylation of unactivated aryl bromides has been developed with special attention focussed on the applicability of the reaction. Sodium alkoxide is used as the nucleophile, and the corresponding alcohol as the solvent. The reaction requires neither precious metals nor organic ligands. It uses a catalytic system consisting of copper(I) bromide as a catalyst, the corresponding alkyl formate as a noncontaminating cocatalyst, and lithium chloride as an additive. A wide range of substrates and test cases highlight the synthetic utility of the approach. Considering the commercial accessibility and affordability of the feedstocks, this protocol shows promise as a new alternative for the sustainable preparation of aryl alkyl ethers.
Guo, Ying,Fan, Xue-Min,Nie, Min,Liu, Hong-Wei,Liao, Dao-Hua,Pan, Xian-Dao,Ji, Ya-Fei
p. 4744 - 4755
(2015/08/03)

Divergent Total Syntheses to Azafluoranthene and Dehydroaporphine Alkaloids
Facile divergent total syntheses for azafluoranthene and dehydroaporphine alkaloids have been successfully developed. A common intermediate, a biarylsulfonamide-protected amino aldehyde, underwent either a cascade or a stepwise cyclization to furnish a tetracyclic skeleton related to the azafluoranthene alkaloids. Natural products, triclisine and telitoxine, were prepared to illustrate the use of this approach. Subsequent C-homologation of the aldehyde moiety on the same intermediate by means of a Wittig reaction allowed the synthesis of aporphine alkaloids, as exemplified by the preparation of dehydronornuciferine. This synthetic approach could be applicable to the syntheses of other azafluoranthene-related as well as aporphine-related alkaloids. Facile divergent syntheses for azafluoranthene and dehydroaporphine alkaloids are reported by using a biarylsulfonamide-protected amino aldehyde as a common intermediate. The natural azafluoranthenes, triclisine and telitoxine, and an aporphine alkaloid, dehydronornuciferine, were prepared to illustrate the use of this approach.
Khunnawutmanotham, Nisachon,Sahakitpichan, Poolsak,Chimnoi, Nitirat,Techasakul, Supanna
p. 6324 - 6332
(2015/10/06)

Hexamethonium bis(tribromide) (HMBTB) a recyclable and high bromine containing reagent
A recyclable and high bromine containing di-(tribromide) reagent, hexamethonium bis(tribromide) (HMBTB) has been synthesized and utilized for the bromination of various organic substrates. The spent reagent hexamethonium bromide (HMB) can be effectively recycled by regenerating and reusing it without significant loss of activity. The crystalline and stable bis(tribromide) is an effective storehouse of very high percentage of active bromine requiring just half an equivalent of it for complete bromination. Both the Br3- moieties in HMBTB are nearly linear with Br-Br-Br angle of 179.55°.
Paul, Bappi,Bhuyan, Bishal,Purkayastha, Debraj D.,Dhar, Siddhartha S.,Patel, Bhisma K.
p. 5646 - 5650
(2015/09/21)

Novel bioactivation pathway of benzbromarone mediated by cytochrome P450
Benzbromarone (BBR) is a hepatotoxic drug, but the detailed mechanism of its toxicity remains unknown. We identified 2,6-dibromohydroquinone (DBH) and mono-debrominated catechol (2-ethyl-3-(3-bromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzoyl) benzofuran; CAT) as novel metabolites of BBR in rat and human liver microsomal systems by comparison with chemically synthesized authentic compounds, and we also elucidated that DBH is formed by cytochrome P450 2C9 and that CAT is formed mainly by CYP1A1, 2D6, 2E1, and 3A4. Furthermore, CAT, DBH, and the oxidized form of DBH are highly cytotoxic in HepG2 compared with BBR. Taken together, our data demonstrate that DBH, a novel reactive metabolite, may be relevant to BBR-induced hepatotoxicity.
Kitagawara, Yumina,Ohe, Tomoyuki,Tachibana, Kumiko,Takahashi, Kyoko,Nakamura, Shigeo,Mashino, Tadahiko
supporting information
p. 1303 - 1306
(2015/09/07)

Novel aminotetrazole derivatives as selective STAT3 non-peptide inhibitors
The development of inhibitors blocking STAT3 transcriptional activity is a promising therapeutic approach against cancer and inflammatory diseases. In this context, the selectivity of inhibitors against the STAT1 transcription factor is crucial as STAT3 and STAT1 play opposite roles in the apoptosis of tumor cells and polarization of the immune response. A structure-based virtual screening followed by a luciferase-containing promoter assay on STAT3 and STAT1 signaling were used to identify a selective STAT3 inhibitor. An important role of the aminotetrazole group in modulating STAT3 and STAT1 inhibitory activities has been established. Optimization of the hit compound leads to 23. This compound inhibits growth and survival of cells with STAT3 signaling pathway while displaying a minimal effect on STAT1 signaling. Moreover, it prevents lymphocyte T polarization into Th17 and Treg without affecting their differentiation into Th1 lymphocyte.
Pallandre, Jean-René,Borg, Christophe,Rognan, Didier,Boibessot, Thibault,Luzet, Vincent,Yesylevskyy, Semen,Ramseyer, Christophe,Pudlo, Marc
supporting information
p. 163 - 174
(2015/09/21)

Attempt to synthesize 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene derived from 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (THSG)
An attempt to synthesize aglycone 1 derived from 2,3,5,4′-tetrahydroxystilbene-2-O-β-glucoside (THSG) via the Wittig reaction and Mizoroki-Heck reaction is described. In the Wittig protocol, 2,3,5,4′-tetramethoxystilbene 2 was obtained. Additionally, a palladium-catalyzed Mizoroki-Heck reaction strategy yielded 2-aryl-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran 13 instead of derivative 12 in good yield.
Tamura, Masafumi,Koshibe, Yuhei,Kaji, Kiho,Ueda, Jun-Ya,Shirataki, Yoshiaki
p. 122 - 125
(2015/02/19)

An effective strategy to develop active cinnamic acid-directed antioxidants based on elongating the conjugated chains
To optimize antioxidant activity and lipophilicity of cinnamic acid derivatives (CAs) including ferulic acid, sinapic acid, 3,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid, and p-hydroxycinnamic acid, four analogs bearing an additional double bond between their aromatic ring and propenoic acid moiety were designed and synthesized based on the conjugated chain elongation strategy. The antioxidant performance of the CAs were investigated by 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging, ferric reducing/antioxidant power, cyclic voltammetry, DNA strand breakage-inhibiting and anti-haemolysis activity assays. It was found that CAs with elongation of conjugated chains display increased DPPH --scavenging, DNA strand breakage-inhibiting and anti-haemolysis activities as compared to their parent molecules, due to their improved hydrogen atom-donating ability and lipophilicity. Overall, this work highlights an effective strategy to develop potential CA-directed antioxidants by elongating their conjugated chain.
Li, Yan,Dai, Fang,Jin, Xiao-Ling,Ma, Meng-Meng,Wang, Yi-Hua,Ren, Xiao-Rong,Zhou, Bo
p. 41 - 47
(2014/04/03)

Biphenyl derivatives incorporating urea unit as novel VEGFR-2 inhibitors: Design, synthesis and biological evaluation
A series of novel biphenyl urea derivates were synthesized and investigated for their potential to inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2). In particular, A7, B3 and B4 displayed significant enzymatic inhibitory activities, with IC50 values of 4.06, 4.55 and 5.26 nM. Compound A7 exhibited potent antiproliferative activity on several cell lines. SAR study suggested that the introduction of methyl at ortho-position of the biphenyl urea and tertiary amine moiety could improve VEGFR-2 inhibitory activity and antitumor effects. Molecular docking indicated that the urea moiety formed four hydrogen bonds with DFG residue. These biphenyl ureas could serve as promising lead compounds for further optimization.
Wang, Chen,Gao, Hongping,Dong, Jinyun,Zhang, Yanmin,Su, Ping,Shi, Yaling,Zhang, Jie
p. 277 - 284
(2014/01/17)

Chemoselective zinc/HCl reduction of halogenated β-nitrostyrenes: Synthesis of halogenated dopamine analogues
A detailed account regarding the synthesis of 2- and 5-halogenated dopamine is given. The key step is a chemoselective reduction of a nitrostyrene by Zn/HCl at 0 °C. These conditions represent a simple, low-cost alternative to reduction by water-sensitive hydride donors and two-step procedures. Under these conditions, aryl fluoride, chloride, and bromide groups are stable. However, iodine undergoes significant reductive dehalogenation.
Maresh, Justin J.,Ralko, Arthur A.,Speltz, Tom E.,Burke, James L.,Murphy, Casey M.,Gaskell, Zachary,Girel, Joann K.,Terranova, Erin,Richtscheidt, Conrad,Krzeszowiec, Mark
supporting information
p. 2891 - 2894
(2015/02/02)

Efficient Co(OAc)2-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of EWG-substituted 4-cresols to access 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes
We reported an efficient ligand-free Co(OAc)2·4H 2O/NaOH/O2/ethylene glycol reaction system that enables selective aerobic oxidation of a wide range of substrates covering 2,6-di-EWG-, 2,3,6-tri-EWG-, 2-EWG-, and 2-EWG-6-EDG-substituted 4-cresols into the corresponding 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes. Based on the experimental investigations and well-defined p-benzoquinone methides, a plausible reaction mechanism was proposed. Considering the simplicity of the procedure and importance of the products, the methodology was expected to become a favorable and practical tool in related benzylic C(sp3)-H functionalization chemistry.
Jiang, Jian-An,Du, Jia-Lei,Liao, Dao-Hua,Wang, Zhan-Guo,Ji, Ya-Fei
supporting information
p. 1406 - 1411
(2014/03/21)

Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed remote benzylic C(sp3)-H oxyfunctionalization for C=O formation directed by the hindered para-hydroxyl group with ambient air as the terminal oxidant under ligand- and additive-free conditions
A hindered para-hydroxyl group-directed remote benzylic C(sp3)-H oxyfunctionalization has been developed for the straightforward transformation of 2,6-disubstituted 4-cresols, 4-alkylphenols, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohols and 4-hydroxybenzyl alkyl ethers into various aromatic carbonyl compounds. The ligand- and additive-free Cu(OAc)2-catalyzed atmospheric oxidation mediated by ethylene glycol unlocks a facile, atom-economical, and environmentally benign C=O formation for the functionalization of primary and secondary benzyl groups. Due to the pharmaceutical importance of 4-hydroxybenzaldehydes and 4-hydroxyphenones, the methodology is expected to be of significant value for both fundamental research and practical applications.
Jiang, Jian-An,Chen, Cheng,Huang, Jian-Gang,Liu, Hong-Wei,Cao, Song,Ji, Ya-Fei
supporting information
p. 1248 - 1254
(2014/03/21)

Synthesis and antitumor activity of feruloyl and caffeoyl derivatives This paper is dedicated to Prof. Wei-xiao Hu for his lifelong commitment to mentoring graduate students
We developed two efficient protocols for the synthesis of feruloyl and caffeoyl derivatives from commercial vanillin and veratraldehyde. Pharmacological activities were assessed against a panel of human cancer cell lines in vitro. Most synthesized compounds demonstrated attractive cytotoxicity. Several new compounds demonstrated significant antiproliferative and cytotoxic activities against HeLa and Bewo tumor cell lines. In particular, 5-nitro caffeic adamantyl ester showed broad spectrum of tumor inhibition in 10 cell lines, and reduced tumor weight by 36.7% in vivo when administered at a dose of 40 mg kg-1.
Chen, Hui-Zhen,Chen, You-Bao,Lv, Ya-Ping,Zeng, Fang,Zhang, Juan,Zhou, Yong-Lie,Li, Han-Bing,Chen, Li-Fei,Zhou, Bin-Jie,Gao, Jian-Rong,Xia, Chun-Nian
p. 4367 - 4371
(2015/02/06)

Total syntheses of the coumarin-containing natural products pimpinellin and fraxetin using Au(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation (IMHA) chemistry
The title natural products (1 and 2, respectively) have been synthesized by Au(I)-catalyzed intramolecular hydroarylation (IMHA) of the relevant aryl propiolate esters (e.g., 13), which were themselves formed by reaction of the corresponding phenols with either 3-(trimethylsilyl)propiolic acid or propiolic acid and N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride or dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. (±)-Purpurasol (3) was readily derived from fraxetin (2) by established procedures.
Cervi, Aymeric,Aillard, Paul,Hazeri, Nourallah,Petit, Laurent,Chai, Christina L. L.,Willis, Anthony C.,Banwell, Martin G.
p. 9876 - 9882
(2013/10/22)

A concise synthesis of viscolin, and its anti-inflammatory effects through the suppression of iNOS, COX-2, ERK phosphorylation and proinflammatory cytokines expressions
In the present report, a concise synthesis of viscolin (1) has been achieved. The anti-inflammatory effect of viscolin was investigated in vitro and in vivo. Viscolin blocked the expression of iNOS and COX-2, and it also inhibited the ERK for the activation of NF-κB in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis revealed that viscolin decreased Carr-induced iNOS and COX-2 expressions. These results could help to deduce the anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
Huang, Guan-Jhong,Bhaskar Reddy, M. Vijaya,Kuo, Ping-Chung,Huang, Chieh-Hung,Shih, Hung-Cheng,Lee, E.-Jian,Yang, Mei-Lin,Leu, Yann-Lii,Wu, Tian-Shung
experimental part
p. 371 - 378
(2012/03/26)

Synthesis of polyhydroxylated flavonoids bearing a lipophilic decyl tail as potential therapeutic antioxidants
Antioxidants have potential for the treatment of stroke and neurodegeneration, and chimeric compounds that combine a flavon-3-ol head group related to myricetin and a lipophilic decyl tail are known to protect membranes from oxidative damage at least as well as vitamin E. New flavon-3-ols that are highly hydroxylated in the B ring in ways not found in natural flavon-3-ols and bearing a lipophilic decyl tail have been prepared from trimethoxy-and tetramethoxybenzoic acids accessed by lithiation-carboxylation reactions. Direct enolate acylation was preferred over Baker-Venkataraman rearrangement when there were methoxy groups at both the 2-and the 6-position of the benzoic acid derivatives.
Caldwell, Stuart T.,McPhail, Donald B.,Duthie, Garry G.,Hartley, Richard C.
scheme or table
p. 23 - 33
(2012/03/07)

Asymmetrical 2,6-bis(benzylidene)cyclohexanones: Synthesis, cytotoxic activity and QSAR study
In order to develop novel anti-cancer agents, a series of asymmetrical 2,6-bis (benzylidene)cyclohexanone derivatives containing nitrobenzylidene moiety were synthesized and their cytotoxic activity were determined in vitro against MDA-MB 231, MCF-7 and SK-N-MC cell lines using MTT assay. Among the tested compounds, the highest activity against MDA-MB 231 cells was achieved by 2-(3-bromo-5-methoxy-4-propoxybenzylidene)-6-(2-nitrobenzylidene)cyclohexanone (compound 5d). Whereas, compound 5j (the 3-nitro analog of compound 5d) was the most potent compound against MCF-7 and SK-N-MC cell lines. The results indicated that the cytotoxic activity profile against different tumor cells can be optimized by desired 4-alkoxy-3-bromo-5-methoxybenzylidene scaffold.
Nakhjiri, Maryam,Safavi, Maliheh,Alipour, Eskandar,Emami, Saeed,Atash, Amir Farzin,Jafari-Zavareh, Mona,Ardestani, Sussan K.,Khoshneviszadeh, Mehdi,Foroumadi, Alireza,Shafiee, Abbas
experimental part
p. 113 - 123
(2012/07/03)

Halodeboronation of organotrifluoroborates using tetrabutylammonium tribromide or cesium triiodide
Halodeboronation of organotrifluoroborates using commercially available tetrabutylammonium tribromide (TBATB) or cesium triiodide in aqueous medium is reported. The mild, transition metal-free method has proven to be tolerant of a wide range of functional groups. High regio- and chemoselectivity are observed. Two synthetic routes to (Z)-dibromoalkenes from alkynes, through stereodefined (Z)-2-bromoalkenyltrifluoroborates and (Z)-1,2-bis(boryl) alkenyltrifluoroborates, have been developed using the TBATB mediated bromodeboronation as the key step.
Yao, Min-Liang,Kabalka, George W.,Blevins, David W.,Reddy, Marepally Srinivasa,Yong, Li
experimental part
p. 3738 - 3743
(2012/06/30)

Aromatic bromination of aldehydes and ketones using 1,3-di-n- butylimidazolium
An environmentally benign and efficient process for the preparation of monobromo derivatives of aryl aldehydes and ketones was developed by simple and practical reactions of aryl aldehydes or ketones with 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium tribromide ([BBIm]Br3), as a brominating reagent under solvent-free conditions in very high yields. The process has several advantages: high conversions, short reaction time, mild reaction conditions, simple workup with good to quantitative yields and re-usable ionic liquid.
Borikar,Daniel
experimental part
p. 531 - 536
(2012/07/01)

An instant and facile bromination of industrially-important aromatic compounds in water using recyclable CaBr2-Br2 system
Various industrially-important brominated intermediates have been instantly synthesized using aq. CaBr2-Br2 system as an efficient and recyclable brominating reagent under aqueous conditions at room temperature without the need for metal catalysts or acidic additives. Structurally-diverse phenol and aniline derivatives with strong electron-withdrawing groups such as carboxylic, nitro and formyl show remarkable reactivity to the brominating reagent and brominated in 92-98% yield with high purity (>99%) in a very short reaction time. Organic solvent-free conditions, a feature of the green chemistry, were successively used not only for the reactions but also for the isolation of products at the end of the reaction. The recycling of HBr by its neutralization, thereby generating additional amounts of industrially-important CaBr2 has been designed and developed. The brominating reagent has been recycled and regenerated, and the process was repeated up to 4 cycles after the fresh batch using the regenerated brominating reagent having almost identical selectivity and isolated yields, which seems to be the most promising methodology from the viewpoint of the green approach to organic synthesis.
Kumar, Lalit,Mahajan, Tanu,Agarwal
experimental part
p. 2187 - 2196
(2011/09/16)

Synthesis and α-glucosidase inhibitory mechanisms of bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether, a potential marine bromophenol α-glucosidase inhibitor
Bis(2,3-dibromo-4,5-dihydroxybenzyl) ether (BDDE), derived from the marine algae, is a potential α-glucosidase inhibitor for type 2 diabetes treatment. In the present study, a synthetic route was established as a valid approach to obtain BDDE. Fluorescence spectra, circular dichroism spectra and molecular docking methods were employed to elucidate the inhibitory mechanisms of BDDE against α-glucosidase. The results showed that BDDE could be prepared effectively and efficiently with the established synthetic methods. Synthetic BDDE bound with α-glucosidase and induced minor conformational changes of the enzyme. The docking results indicated the interaction between BDDE and α-glucosidase was driven by both hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. The docked BDDE molecule was completely buried in the α-glucosidase binding pocket with part of the molecule reaching the catalytic center and overlapping with the position of glucose, and the rest of the molecule extending towards protein surface. This study provides useful information for the understanding of the BDDE-α-glucosidase interaction and for the development of novel α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Liu, Ming,Zhang, Wei,Wei, Jianteng,Lin, Xiukun
experimental part
p. 1554 - 1565
(2011/11/07)

Regioselective reactions of highly substituted arynes
"Chemical Equation Presented" The fully regioselective reactivity of four new highly substituted silyl aryl triflate aryne precursors in aryne acyl-alkylation, acyl-alkylation/ condensation, and heteroannulation reactions is reported. The application of these more complex arynes provides access to diverse natural product scaffolds and obviates late-stage functlonallzation of aromatic rings.
Tadross, Pamela M.,Gilmore, Christopher D.,Bugga, Pradeep,Virgil, Scott C.,Stoltz, Brian M.
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1224 - 1227
(2010/06/13)

Mild, efficient, and regioselective monobromination of arylamines and phenols using [BBIm]Br3 as a new reagent
We report here an efficient method for the synthesis and characterization of the room-temperature ionic liquid 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium tribromide ([BBIm]Br3) (2) and its application as an efficient reagent and solvent for regioselective bromination of arylamines and phenols under mild conditions. The bromination was carried out in the absence of organic solvents, and in most cases, the only extraction solvent needed was water. The spent 1,3-di-n-butylimidazolium bromide (1) was easily recycled.
Borikar, Sanjay P.,Daniel, Thomas,Paul, Vincent
experimental part
p. 647 - 653
(2011/02/27)

Ga(IIl)-catalyzed cycloisomerization approach to (±)-icetexone and (±)-epi-icetexone
"Chemical eqation presented" A Ga(III)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction provides expedient access to a benzannulated cycloheptadiene bearing a cyano group, which has been applied to the syntheses of several icetexane diterpenoids including icetexone
De Jesus Cortez, Felipe,Sarpong, Richmond
supporting information; experimental part
p. 1428 - 1431
(2010/07/03)

Mixed ligand cobalt(II) complex as an efficient catalyst for oxidative deoximation using hydrogen peroxide
Mixed ligand cobalt(II) complexes having an amino acid as a ligand are reported to catalyze the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide. This property was utilized for carrying out an easy and efficient deoximation of oximes to the corresponding carbonyl compounds.
Das, Pranab J.,Das, Amal,Baruah, Akashi
experimental part
p. 1140 - 1143
(2010/11/02)

An efficient, rapid, and regioselective bromination of anilines and phenols with 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium tribromide as a new reagent/solvent under mild conditions
1-Butyl-3-methylpyridinium tribromide, [BMPy]Br3 proves to be a highly efficient, regioselective reagent/solvent for nuclear bromination of various anilines and phenols. The synthesis and characterization of the room temperature ionic liquid [BMPy]Br3 (2) is described. The bromination was carried out in the absence of organic solvents and in most cases the only extraction solvent needed was water. The spent 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bromide (1) was easily recycled.
Borikar, Sanjay P.,Daniel, Thomas,Paul, Vincent
scheme or table
p. 1007 - 1009
(2009/05/11)