30427-95-3

Disclosed herein; are novel compounds for treating apicomplexan parasite related disorders, methods for their use; cell line and non-human animal models of the dormant parasite phenotype and methods for their use in identifying new drugs to teat apicomplexan parasite related disorders, and biomarkers to identify disease due to the parasite and its response to treatment.

The present invention relates to substituted 2-[phenoxy-phenyl]-1-[1,2,4]triazol-1-yl-ethanol compounds of formula (I) as defined in the description, and the N-oxides, and salts thereof, their preparation and intermediates for preparing them. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds for combating harmful fungi and seed coated with at least one such compound and also to compositions comprising at least one such compound.

An iron(III)-mediated photocatalytic method for the conversion of aryl, heteroaryl and polycyclic aromatic bromides to the corresponding chlorides with high selectivity has been achieved successfully. The mild reaction conditions and high chloride utilization efficiency promise a bright future for chlorination reactions. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.

Reactions between 5-(aryl)thianthrenium bromides (1a-e) with aryl (Ar) groups phenyl (a), p-tolyl (b), p-anisyl (c), p-chlorophenyl (d) and p-bromophenyl (e) and sodium aryl oxides (7a-c, Ar′ONa, Ar′ = phenyl, p-tolyl and p-chlorophenyl) were carried out in acetonitrile at 80°C. Results are compared with those of earlier reactions of 1a-e with corresponding sodium aryl thiolates (Ar′SNa). In contrast with the thiolate reactions, those with 7a-c were too slow at room temperature to be useful. Reactions of 1a-c at 80°C gave small amounts of benzene and toluene from la and b, small amounts of diaryl ethers ArOAr′ (9) and thianthrene (Th) and large amounts (90-97%) of 2-(ArS)-2′-(Ar′O)diphenyl sulfide (10). Compared with reactions of 1a-c, those of 1d and e gave larger amounts (10-17%) of 9, lesser amounts (25-30%) of 10 and substantial amounts (42-55%) of 2-[4-(Ar′O)-ArS]-2′-(Ar′O)diphenyl sulfide (12). Small amounts of 1,4-di(Ar′O)benzene (11) were also obtained from reactions of Id and e. Formation of 11 and 12 is preceded by replacement of halogen by Ar′O-. Structures of products 10 and 12 were deduced by comparison with earlier products from thiolate reactions, elemental analyses, mass spectrometry molecular masses and, in the case of 10, the crystal structure of 10d. It is proposed that products 9-12 are formed by nucleophilic reactions of Ar′O- at ipso positions in 1. Copyright