- Preparation method and applications of acrylic acid(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl ester
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The invention provides a preparation method and applications of acrylic acid(3-ethyl-3-oxetanyl)methyl ester. The method comprises N parts, wherein the steps of the Nth part comprise: 1, carrying outa transesterification reaction by using methyl acrylate and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxetane as raw materials and using the kettle residue material of the (N-1)th part as a catalyst, and extracting methanol and methyl acrylate azeotrope in the reaction process, and 2, sequentially extracting a methyl acrylate distillate, a front distillate and a product from the material after the reaction in the step 1 of the Nth part, and remaining the kettle residue materials, and the steps of the 1th part comprise: 1) carrying out a transesterification reaction by using methyl acrylate and 3-ethyl-3-hydroxymethyl oxetane as raw materials and using mesoporous silica gel loaded organic tin as a catalyst, and extracting methanol and methyl acrylate azeotrope in the reaction process; and 2) sequentially extracting methyl acrylate distillate, front distillate and a product from the material after the reaction in the step 1) of the 1th part, and remaining kettle residue material.
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Paragraph 0054-0056
(2020/02/10)
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- LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOUND, LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION, AND LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY DEVICE
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal composition, and a liquid crystal device using the compound or the composition. SOLUTION: The liquid crystal compound is represented by formula (I). In formula (I), R1 represents H, an alkyl having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or the like; R2 represents an alkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms or a fluoroalkenyl having 2 to 10 carbon atoms and one or two non-adjacent -CH2- in R2 is replaced by -O- or an ether having 2 to 10 carbon atoms; A1 to A4 each independently represent a formula below, where R3 independently represents H or a halogen; Z1 to Z3 each independently represents a sing bond, -CH2-, -CH2O-, -OCH2-, -CF=CF-, -COO-, -OCO-, -CF2O-, -OCF2-, -C≡C-, -CH=CH-, or the like; and n and m each independently represent 0 or 1. SELECTED DRAWING: None COPYRIGHT: (C)2016,JPOandINPIT
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Paragraph 0036; 0037
(2016/10/07)
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- Synthesis and polymerization of alkyl halide-functional cyclic carbonates
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To increase the diversity in functional aliphatic polycarbonates, a series of novel chloro- and bromo-functional six-membered cyclic carbonate monomers were synthesized. Despite asymmetry in the monomer functionalities, homopolymerization of the monomers afforded semicrystalline polycarbonates with a high tendency to crystallize from the melt and/or on precipitation from a THF solution. Melting points were found in the 90-105 °C or 120-155 °C range for polymers comprising methyl or ethyl moieties, respectively, in the backbone. The monomers were further copolymerized with trimethylene carbonate to form random copolymers. Even among some of these random copolymers elements of semicrystallinity were found as confirmed by melting endotherms in DSC. The results clearly show that the incorporation of alkyl halide functionalities in aliphatic polycarbonates may lead to materials with a high ability to form crystallites, even in random copolymers, likely driven by polar interactions due to the presence of the halide functionalities.
- Mindemark, Jonas,Bowden, Tim
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experimental part
p. 5716 - 5722
(2012/03/26)
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- A facile catalytic synthesis of trimethylene carbonate from trimethylene oxide and carbon dioxide
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The coupling of oxetane (trimethylene oxide) and carbon dioxide catalyzed by VO(acac)2 in the presence of an onium salt was studied. The process was found to be highly selective and quantitative for the production of the six-membered cyclic carbonate, trimethylene carbonate, under very mild reaction conditions of 60°C and 1.7 MPa. Other derivatives of trimethylene oxide were shown to similarly selectively afford the corresponding cyclic carbonates upon reaction with CO2.
- Darensbourg, Donald J.,Horn Jr., Adolfo,Moncada, Adriana I.
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experimental part
p. 1376 - 1379
(2010/10/03)
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- Coating composition comprising a bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester functional compound
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The invention pertains to a coating composition comprising a first compound comprising at least one bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester group and a second compound comprising at least two hydroxyl-reactive groups. The invention also comprises a process for curing the present coating composition. More particularly, the latent hydroxyl groups of the bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester groups have to be deblocked and reacted with the hydroxyl-reactive groups of the second compound if the present coating composition is to be cured. Further, a process for making bicyclo-orthoester compounds from the corresponding oxetane compound is described, as are polymers comprising at least one bicyclo- or spiro-orthoester group.
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- Fast monomers: Factors affecting the inherent reactivity of acrylate monomers in photoinitiated acrylate polymerization
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A systematic study on the effect of molecular structure on the photoinitiated polymerization of acrylates was undertaken. Initially, the research was focused on the effect of hydrogen bonding, and it was found that preorganization via hydrogen bonding enhances the maximum rate of polymerization (Rp). This hydrogen bonding facilitated preorganization also affected the tacticity of the resultant polymer. Next, the effect of polarity as represented by the calculated dipole moment (μcalc) of a given monomer was investigated. A direct linear correlation between Rp and the calculated Boltzmann-averaged dipole moment (μcalc) was observed. The Rp-μcalc correlation holds for pure monomers, mixtures of monomers, and even mixtures of monomers with inert solvents. This correlation enables the rational design of monomers with a required reactivity. In addition, these studies suggest that the propagation step of polymerization is influenced by hydrogen bonding while the dipole moment influences the termination rate constant. These two mechanistic explanations can be regarded as complementary factors that influence the speed of acrylate polymerization.
- Jansen, Johan F. G. A.,Dias, Aylvin A.,Dorschu, Marko,Coussens, Betty
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p. 3861 - 3873
(2007/10/03)
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- Urea as an efficient reagent for the synthesis of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane: A novel component in cationic ring-opening polymerisation
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Urea is a very attractive chemical raw material for large-scale production as it combines low cost with virtually unlimited supply and essentially no toxic effects. Here, we present a study on its use in the dehydration of trimethylolpropane with formation of 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane. The reaction consists of carbonylation of trimethylolpropane and subsequent extrusion of carbon dioxide. The first step was run at a temperature of 120-160 °C at a pressure of approximately 300 mmHg for 1-5 h. Most likely, carbamates of TMP constitute the major product. In the latter step, the temperature was increased to 195-215 °C, the pressure was reduced to 10-50 mmHg, and the final product was isolated by distillation. A spiroorthocarbonate of TMP was formed as an unexpected by-product. The process has been demonstrated on a multikilogram scale. Toxicological screening revealed 3-ethyl-3-(hydroxymethyl)oxetane to be irritating to eye but not to skin.
- Annby, Ulf,Rehnberg, Nicola,Samuelsson, Jesper,Teichert, Oliver
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p. 568 - 571
(2013/09/07)
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- Process for the production of 3-alky-3-hydroxymethyloxetanes
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A process is described for the production of 3-alkyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetanes of the general formula (1), in which R1 denotes a linear or branched C1-C12 alkyl group, which process comprises reacting a trimethylolalkane of the general formula (2),(HO-CH2)3C-R1(2)in which R1 is defined as above, with a dialkyl carbonate of the general formula (3),R2-O-(C=O)-O-R2(3)in which R2 denotes a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, in the presence of a basic catalyst, wherein in a first stage the reaction mixture is stirred for at least 6 hours with refluxing at a temperature of 90-120 DEG C., in a second stage the alcohol formed R2OH is distilled off at the same temperature and in a third stage the product formed is decarboxylated and deoligomerised at a temperature of 125-150 DEG C. and the desired 3-alkyl-3-hydroxymethyloxetane is simultaneously distilled off.
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- Photocurable silicone oxetanes
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Novel 3-substituted oxetane monomers for photoinitiated cationic polymerization, compositions for polymerization containing these oxetanes, processes for polymerizing the monomers, and polymers produced thereby are disclosed. A class of oxetane monomers have the formula STR1 wherein R1 is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, fluorine, fluoroalkyl of 1 to 6 carbons, allyl, aryl, furan or thiophene; R2 is a polyvalent radical chosen from the group consisting of linear or branched alkylene, linear or branched poly(alkyleneoxy), xylylene, and silicones; Z is oxygen or sulfur; and m is 2, 3 or 4.
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- 1-heterocyclic bicyclo-octanes
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Pesticidal bicyclo-octanes are of the formula STR1 where R is a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic group, R' and R3 are H or a substituted or unsubstituted aliphatic or aromatic group, R2 is a substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclic group containing at least one ring nitrogen and is preferably a 3- or 4- pyridyl group, Z is CH2 CH2, CH2 O--CH2 S or COCH2 or CH(OR5)CH2 where R5 is H, alkyl, acyl or carbamoyl at Y and Y' are O or S(O)m where m is 0, 1 or 2. Various methods for their preparation are described.
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