3179-47-3Relevant articles and documents
Quaternary phosphonium salt-type antibacterial monomer and preparation method thereof
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Paragraph 0044; 0045, (2017/01/02)
The invention relates to a quaternary phosphonium salt-type antibacterial monomer shown in the formula and a preparation method thereof. One end of the monomer is an antibacterial group which is a quaternary phosphonium salt group, the other end of the monomer is a polymerizable group which is an acrylate group and the middle chain of the monomer is an alkyl chain segment. Through the polymerizable group, the monomer can be bonded to a dental restoration material through a chemical reaction so that the dental restoration material has long-term antibacterial properties. The invention also relates to a polymer prepared from the quaternary phosphonium salt-type antibacterial monomer as a polymerization monomer and also relates a dental restorative material containing the polymer.
Cholesteryl to improve the cellular uptake of polymersomes within HeLa cells
Martin, Chloe,Marino, Nino,Curran, Ciara,McHale, Anthony P.,Callan, John F.,Callan, Bridgeen
, p. 570 - 578 (2016/08/02)
The need to develop a greater understanding of drug delivery systems has arisen through the development of alternative biological based therapeutics. Drug delivery systems need to adapt and respond to this increasing demand for cellular transportation of highly charged species. Polymersomal drug delivery systems have displayed great potential and versatility for such a task. In this manuscript we present the synthesis, characterisation and biological evaluation of six amphiphilic random co polymers with varying amounts of cholesteryl (0–39%wt) before the subsequent formation into polymersomes. The polymersomes were then analysed for size, zeta potential, encapsulation efficiency, release kinetics and cellular uptake. Results confirmed that the polymersome containing 12%wt cholesteryl polymer displayed a ten-fold increase in cellular uptake of Fitc-CM-dextran when compared to un-encapsulated drug, crossing the cellular membrane via endocytosis. The size of these vehicles ranged between 100 and 500?nm, zeta potential was shown to be neutral at ?0.82?mV ±0.2 with encapsulation efficiencies in the region of 60%. The ease of adaptability and preparation of such systems renders them a viable alternative to liposomal drug delivery systems.
TRANSESTERIFICATION PROCESS USING MIXED SALT ACETYLACETONATES CATALYSTS
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Paragraph 0070; 0071, (2013/04/13)
This invention is directed to a general catalyst of high activity and selectivity for the production of a variety of esters, particularly acrylate and methacrylate-based esters, by a transesterification reaction. This objective is achieved by reaction of an ester of a carboxylic or a carbonic acid, in particular of a saturated or unsaturated, typically, a 3 to 4 carbon atom carboxylic acid; with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst comprising the combination of a metal 1,3-dicarbonyl complex (pref. Zn or Fe acetylacetonate) and a salt, in particular an inorganic salt, pref. ZnCl2, LiCI, NaCI, NH4CI or Lil. These catalysts are prepared from readily available starting materials within the reaction medium without the need for isolation (in-situ preparation).
Supramolecular strategies to construct biocompatible and photoswitchable fluorescent assemblies
Yildiz, Ibrahim,Impellizzeri, Stefania,Deniz, Erhan,McCaughan, Bridgeen,Callan, John F.,Raymo, Franc-Isco M.
experimental part, p. 871 - 879 (2011/04/15)
We designed and synthesized an amphiphilic copolymer with pendant hydrophobic decyl and hydrophilic poly(ethylene glycol) chains along a common poly(methacrylate) backbone. This macromolecular construct captures hydrophobic boron dipyrromethene fluorophores and hydrophobic spiropyran photochromes and transfers mixtures of both components in aqueous environments. Within the resulting hydrophilic supramolecular assemblies, the spiropyran components retain their photochemical properties and switch reversibly to the corresponding merocyanine isomers upon ultraviolet illumination. Their photoinduced transformations activate intermolecular electron and energy transfer pathways, which culminate in the quenching of the boron dipyrromethene fluorescence. As a result, the emission intensity of these supramolecular constructs can be modulated in aqueous environments under optical control. Furthermore, the macromolecular envelope around the fluorescent and photochromic components can cross the membrane of Chinese hamster ovarian cells and transport its cargo unaffected into the cytosol. Indeed, the fluorescence of these supramolecular constructs can be modulated also intracellularly by operating the photochromic component with optical inputs. In addition, cytotoxicity tests demonstrate that these supramolecular assemblies and the illumination conditions required for their operation have essentially no influence on cell viability. Thus, supramolecular events can be invoked to construct fluorescent and photoswitchable systems from separate components, while imposing aqueous solubility and biocompatibility on the resulting assemblies. In principle, this simple protocol can evolve into a general strategy to deliver and operate intracellularly functional molecular components under optical control.
Hypervalent (tert-butylperoxy)iodanes generate iodine-centered radicals at room temperature in solution: Oxidation and deprotection of benzyl and allyl ethers, and evidence for generation of α-oxy carbon radicals
Ochiai, Masahito,Ito, Takao,Takahashi, Hideo,Nakanishi, Akinobu,Toyonari, Mika,Sueda, Takuya,Goto, Satoru,Shiro, Motoo
, p. 7716 - 7730 (2007/10/03)
1-(tert-Butylperoxy)-1,2-benziodoxol-3(1H)-one (1a) oxidizes benzyl and allyl ethers to the esters at room temperature in benzene or cyclohexane in the presence of alkali metal carbonates. Since this reaction is compatible with other protecting groups such as MOM, THP, and TBDMS ethers, and acetoxy groups, and because esters are readily hydrolyzed under basic conditions, this new method provides a convenient and effective alternative to the usual reductive deprotection. Oxidation with 1a occurs readily with C-H bonds activated by both enthalpic effects (benzylic, allylic, and propargylic C-H bonds) and/or polar effects (α-oxy C-H bonds), generating α-oxy carbon-centered radicals, which can be detected by nitroxyl radical trapping. Measurement of the relative rates of oxidation for a series of ring-substituted benzyl n-butyl ethers 2d and 2p-s indicated that electron-releasing groups such as p-MeO and p-Me groups increase the rate of oxidation, and Hammett correlation of the relative rate factors with the σ+ constants of substituents afforded the reaction constant ρ+ = -0.30. The large value of the isotope effect obtained for the oxidation of benzyl n-butyl ether 2d (k(H)/k(D) = 12-14) indicates that the rate-determining step of the reactions probably involves a high degree of benzylic C-H bond breaking. The effects of molecular dioxygen were examined, and the mechanism involving the intermediacy of the tert-butylperoxy acetal 5 and/or the hydroperoxy acetal 32 is proposed. Particularly noteworthy is the finding that (tert-butylperoxy)iodane 1a can generate the tert-butylperoxy radical and the iodine-centered radical 33a, even at room temperature in solution, via homolytic bond cleavage of the hypervalent iodine(III)-peroxy bond.
A novel reaction medium: Perfluorocarbon fluids
Zhu
, p. 953 - 954 (2007/10/02)
The use of perfluorocarbon (PFC) fluids such as perfluorinated alkanes and alkylamines as inert medium for organic reactions is demonstrated with advantages summarized. PFC fluids have been found to be very useful in organic reactions where a medium is needed for refluxing and for separating a low boiling component, or where an extremely nonpolar/inert medium is required for reactions carried out under vigorous conditions. The PFC fluids are not miscible with most organic compounds and therefore offer good separatory properties that common organic solvents do not have.
Cosmetic emulsions containing acrylamide copolymer
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, (2008/06/13)
Water-in-oil emulsions wherein the emulsifier is a copolymer of 1 mol of acrylamide with 2 to 20 mols of at least one ethylenically unsaturated ester copolymerizable therewith selected from the group consisting of vinyl alkylcarboxylates, alkyl and cycloalkyl acrylates, and alkly and cycloalkyl methacrylates, wherein the alkyl and cycloalkyl groups contain 6 to 24 carbon atoms, and the continuous phase is a cosmetically acceptable oil, which can be prepared easily, safely and inexpensively. The emulsions are substantially odorless and are cosmetically acceptable for the care of the skin.
