- A new class of phenylhydrazinylidene derivatives as inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation
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In the struggle against the emergence of the antibiotic resistance, new molecules targeting biofilm formation could be useful as adjuvant of conventional antibiotics. This study focused on a new class of 2-phenylhydrazinylidene derivatives as antivirulence agents. The compound 12e showed interesting activities against biofilm formation of all tested Staphylococcus aureus strains with IC50 ranging from 1.7 to 43 μM; compounds 12f and 13a resulted strong inhibitors of S. aureus ATCC 6538 and ATCC 29213 biofilm formation with IC50 of 0.9 and 0.8 μM, respectively. A preliminary study on the mechanism of action was carried on evaluating the inhibition of sortase A transpeptidase. Compound 12e resulted not to be toxic at 1 mg/ml by using an in vivo model (the wax moth larva model, Galleria mellonella).
- Cascioferro, Stella,Maggio, Benedetta,Raffa, Demetrio,Raimondi, Maria Valeria,Cusimano, Maria Grazia,Schillaci, Domenico,Manachini, Barbara,Leonchiks, Ainars,Daidone, Giuseppe
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Read Online
- SMALL MOLECULES AND METHODS OF REDUCING INJURIES CAUSED BY RADIATION OR CHEMICALS
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A series of small molecule, radioprotective agents based on a compound of the general formula (I): or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, wherein n is 1 or 2, and, independently, R is Br, Cl, H—O, H3C—S, and use of the compounds to protect healthy tissue/organs of subjects to reduce the injuries caused by radiation or chemicals.
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Paragraph 0050-0052
(2021/04/02)
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- Structure-Based Drug Design of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists to Explore Oxosteroid Receptor Selectivity
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The mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) is a nuclear hormone receptor involved in the regulation of body fluid and electrolyte homeostasis. In this study we explore selectivity triggers for a series of nonsteroidal MR antagonists to improve selectivity over other members of the oxosteroid receptor family. A biaryl sulfonamide compound was identified in a high-throughput screening (HTS) campaign. The compound bound to MR with pKi=6.6, but displayed poor selectivity over the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and the progesterone receptor (PR). Following X-ray crystallography of MR in complex with the HTS hit, a compound library was designed that explored an induced-fit hypothesis that required movement of the Met852 side chain. An improvement in MR selectivity of 11- to 79-fold over PR and 23- to 234-fold over GR was obtained. Given the U-shaped binding conformation, macrocyclizations were explored, yielding a macrocycle that bound to MR with pKi=7.3. Two protein–ligand X-ray structures were determined, confirming the hypothesized binding mode for the designed compounds.
- Nordqvist, Anneli,O'Mahony, Gavin,Fridén-Saxin, Maria,Fredenwall, Marlene,Hogner, Anders,Granberg, Kenneth L.,Aagaard, Anna,B?ckstr?m, Stefan,Gunnarsson, Anders,Kaminski, Tim,Xue, Yafeng,Dellsén, Anita,Hansson, Eva,Hansson, Pia,Ivarsson, Ida,Karlsson, Ulla,Bamberg, Krister,Hermansson, Majlis,Georgsson, Jennie,Lindmark, Bo,Edman, Karl
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supporting information
p. 50 - 65
(2017/01/17)
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- Isoxazole-Derived Amino Acids are Bromodomain-Binding Acetyl-Lysine Mimics: Incorporation into Histone H4 Peptides and Histone H3
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A range of isoxazole-containing amino acids was synthesized that displaced acetyl-lysine-containing peptides from the BAZ2A, BRD4(1), and BRD9 bromodomains. Three of these amino acids were incorporated into a histone H4-mimicking peptide and their affinity for BRD4(1) was assessed. Affinities of the isoxazole-containing peptides are comparable to those of a hyperacetylated histone H4-mimicking cognate peptide, and demonstrated a dependence on the position at which the unnatural residue was incorporated. An isoxazole-based alkylating agent was developed to selectively alkylate cysteine residues in situ. Selective monoalkylation of a histone H4-mimicking peptide, containing a lysine to cysteine residue substitution (K12C), resulted in acetyl-lysine mimic incorporation, with high affinity for the BRD4 bromodomain. The same technology was used to alkylate a K18C mutant of histone H3.
- Sekirnik (née Measures), Angelina R.,Hewings, David S.,Theodoulou, Natalie H.,Jursins, Lukass,Lewendon, Katie R.,Jennings, Laura E.,Rooney, Timothy P. C.,Heightman, Tom D.,Conway, Stuart J.
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supporting information
p. 8353 - 8357
(2016/07/19)
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- Structure-Activity Relationship Studies of Substituted 2-(Isoxazol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N′-phenyl-acetohydrazonoyl Cyanide Analogues: Identification of Potent Exchange Proteins Directly Activated by cAMP (EPAC) Antagonists
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Exchange proteins directly activated by cAMP (EPAC) as guanine nucleotide exchange factors mediate the effects of the pivotal second messenger cAMP, thereby regulating a wide variety of intracellular physiological and pathophysiological processes. A series of novel 2-(isoxazol-3-yl)-2-oxo-N′-phenyl-acetohydrazonoyl cyanide EPAC antagonists was synthesized and evaluated in an effort to optimize properties of the previously identified high-throughput (HTS) hit 1 (ESI-09). Structure-activity relationship (SAR) analysis led to the discovery of several more active EPAC antagonists (e.g., 22 (HJC0726), 35 (NY0123), and 47 (NY0173)) with low micromolar inhibitory activity. These inhibitors may serve as valuable pharmacological probes to facilitate our efforts in elucidating the biological functions of EPAC and developing potential novel therapeutics against human diseases. Our SAR results have also revealed that further modification at the 3-, 4-, and 5-positions of the phenyl ring as well as the 5-position of the isoxazole moiety may allow for the development of more potent EPAC antagonists.
- Ye, Na,Zhu, Yingmin,Chen, Haijun,Liu, Zhiqing,Mei, Fang C.,Wild, Christopher,Chen, Haiying,Cheng, Xiaodong,Zhou, Jia
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p. 6033 - 6047
(2015/08/24)
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- Two-step cyanomethylation protocol: Convenient access to functionalized aryl- and heteroarylacetonitriles
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A two-step protocol has been developed for the introduction of cyanomethylene groups to metalated aromatics through the intermediacy of substituted isoxazoles. A palladium-mediated cross-coupling reaction was used to introduce the isoxazole unit, followed by release of the cyanomethylene function under thermal or microwave-assisted conditions. The intermediate isoxazoles were shown to be amenable to further functionalization prior to deprotection of the sensitive cyanomethylene motif, allowing access to a wide range of aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted acetonitrile building blocks.
- Lindsay-Scott, Peter J.,Clarke, Aimee,Richardson, Jeffery
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supporting information
p. 476 - 479
(2015/03/05)
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- Synthesis of ethyl isoxazole-3-carboxylates using an ionic liquid as a soluble support
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A regioselective 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions of ionic liquid-supported vinyl ethers, derived from ionic liquid-supported α-phenylselenomethyl ether, with ethyl cyanoformate N-oxide gave supported isoxazoline derivatives, which were then cleaved from the io
- Sheng, Shouri,Sheng, Wusheng,Hu, Qiaosheng,Qu, Hongen,Cai, Mingzhong
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p. 315 - 321
(2014/04/17)
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- AGONISTS OF GPR40
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The present invention relates to compounds that have the ability to modulate the activity of GPR40 and are there-fore useful in the treatment of GPR40 related disorders. In addition the invention relates to the compounds, methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and the uses of these compounds in the treatment of certain disorders related to GPR40 activity.
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Page/Page column 97-98
(2012/02/05)
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- Preparation of α,α-disubstituted α-amino acid derivatives via alkyl addition to α-oxime esters with organozinc species
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An α-oxime ester derivative prepared via treatment of an acetylenedicarboxylate or an α-keto ester with hydroxylamine underwent C-alkylation to the C=N bond of the oxime group by a Lewis-acid-promoted reaction with a trialkylzincate or a dialkylzinc reagent. The O-N bond of the thus obtained adduct was reductively cleaved under hydrogenolysis in the presence of the Pd-C catalyst to afford an α-amino ester. Treatment of the oxime derivative prepared from methyl 5-bromo-2-oxopentanoate with the trialkylzincate gave an α-alkyl proline derivative via the addition reaction followed by the intramolecular attack upon a bromine-bearing carbon. The reaction of ethyl 4-oxo-2-pentynoate with hydroxylamine formed an isoxazole derivative by way of the intramolecular attack of an in situ-generated oxime to the carbonyl group. From this isoxazole derivative, ethyl 2-amino-4-oxo-2- pentenoate was given by the Pd-C-catalyzed hydrogenolysis. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2008.
- Mitani, Michiharu,Tanaka, Yasunori,Sawada, Akihiko,Misu, Ayuko,Matsumoto, Yoshihiro
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experimental part
p. 1383 - 1391
(2009/04/04)
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- Design and synthesis of peptidomimetic severe acute respiratory syndrome chymotrypsin-like protease inhibitors
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Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of peptidomimetic severe acute respiratory syndrome chymotrypsin-like protease (SARS-3CLpro) inhibitors for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) are described. These inhibitors exhibited antiviral activity against SARS-CoV in infected cells in the micromolar range. An X-ray crystal structure of our lead inhibitor (4) bound to SARS-3CLpro provided important drug-design templates for the design of small-molecule inhibitors.
- Ghosh, Arun K.,Xi, Kai,Ratia, Kiira,Santarsiero, Bernard D.,Fu, Wentao,Harcourt, Brian H.,Rota, Paul A.,Baker, Susan C.,Johnson, Michael E.,Mesecar, Andrew D.
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p. 6767 - 6771
(2007/10/03)
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- Substituted imidazo [1,5-a] pyrimido [5,4-d] [1] benzazepine derivatives
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The present invention is a compound of formula wherein R1 is halogen or lower alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, —(CH2)m-phenyl, wherein the phenyl ring may be substituted by lower alkoxy, or is —(CH2)m-indolyl; R3 is —C(O)O-lower alkyl, —C(O)OH, or a five membered heteroaromatic group, which rings may be substituted by lower alkyl or cycloalkyl; n is 0, 1 or 2; m is 0, 1 or 2; or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof. Compound I shows high affinity and selectivity for GALA A α5 receptor binding sites.
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- Regioselective syntheses of 3-aminomethyl-5-substituted isoxazoles: A facile and chemoselective reduction of azide to amino by sodium borohydride using 1,3-propanedithiol as a catalyst
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A series of isoxazole azides were reduced selectively to isoxazole amines in quantitative yield by sodium borohydride using 1,3-propanedithiol as a catalyst.
- Pei,Wickhan
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p. 7509 - 7512
(2007/10/02)
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- New N-aryl isoxazolecarboxamides and N-isoxazolylbenzamides as anticonvulsant agents
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We prepared a series of N-aryl isoxazolecarboxamide, N-isoxazolylbenzamide compounds and derivatives and studied their anticonvulsant action in MES and MMS tests. Some of these reveal considerable activity, especially with respect to MES test. The disubstitution in the 2.6-position on the phenyl ring by two methyl groups would appear to be of primary importance for the activity. The amide bridge between the phenyl and isoxazolic rings, whether of the anilide or benzamide type, seems to show similar anticonvulsant behavior. We have selected the derivatives 8 (N-(2.6-dimethylphenyl)-5-methyl-3-isoxazolecarboxamide, 12 (N-(2.6-dimethylphenyl)-5-hydroxymethyl-3-isoxazolecarboxamide) and 51 (N-(5-methyl-3-isoxazolyl)-2.6-dimethylbenzamide) which are presently being studied in more extended pharmacological tests.
- Lepage,Tombret,Cuvier,Marivain,Gillardin
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p. 581 - 593
(2007/10/02)
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- 6-(SUBSTITUTED)METHYLENE-PENICILLANIC AND 6-(SUBSTITUTED)HYDROXYMETHYL-PENICILLANIC ACIDS AND DERIVATIVES THEREOF
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Beta-lactamase inhibiting compounds of the formula: or a pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition or carboxylate salt thereof; where n is zero, 1 or 2; X.3 is H or Br, R1 is H, the residue of certain carboxy-protecting groups or the residue of an ester group readily hydrolyzable in vivo; one of R12 and R13 is H and the other is vinyl, certain aryl, alkylthio, alkylsulfonyl or certain heterocyclyl, aminomethyl, thiocarboxamido or amidino groups; one or R2 and R3 is H and the other is as disclosed for the other of R12 and R13, or is Cl or CH2 OH, and R18 is H or certain acyl groups; intermediates useful in their production, methods for their preparation and use, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them
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- Antibacterial monic acid derivatives
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A compound of the formula (I) STR1 wherein R is a group STR2 R1 is hydrogen, phenyl, C1-20 alkyl, C2-8 alkenyl or C2-8 alkynyl each of which may optionally be substituted; or C3-7 cycloalkyl, X is a divalent group --Y--C=C--, and Y is oxygen or sulphur, have antibacterial and/or antimycoplasmal activity.
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- Synthesis of 2-(5'-Substituted Isoxazol-3'-yl)-4-oxo-3-thiazolidinylalkanoic Acids
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A series of 2-substituted 4-oxo-3-thiazolidinylalkanoic acids bearing an isoxazole nucleus in the 2-position have been prepared.None of the compounds synthesised showed antibacterial activity in vitro.
- Baraldi, P. G.,Simoni, D.,Moroder, F.,Manfredini, S.,Mucchi, L.,et al.
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p. 557 - 560
(2007/10/02)
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