- Catalytic remote hydrohalogenation of internal alkenes
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Primary alkyl halides have broad utility as fine chemicals in organic synthesis. The direct halogenation of alkenes is one of the most efficient approaches for the synthesis of these halides. Internal alkenes, in particular mixtures of isomers from refine
- Li, Xiang,Jin, Jianbo,Chen, Pinhong,Liu, Guosheng
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p. 425 - 432
(2022/02/07)
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- Method for preparing acyl chloride by catalyzing phosgene and acid
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The invention discloses a method for preparing acyl chloride by catalyzing phosgene and acid. The method includes the following steps that 1, with carboxylic acid as a raw material, a catalyst and a solvent are added, and under the condition that the temperature is maintained to range from 20 DEG C to 200 DEG C, phosgene is introduced into a reaction flask for a reaction; 2, after the molar ratio of carboxylic acid to phosgene reaches 1:1.0-1:10, phosgene introduction is stopped, reacted mixed liquor is obtained and filtered, obtained filter liquor is subjected to reduced pressure distillation at a high vacuum degree to obtain acyl chloride, and an obtained filter cake continues to serve as the catalyst in the step 1 to be recycled. Compared with an existing catalyst adopted for preparing acyl chloride according to a phosgene method, the catalyst used in the method is small in dosage, convenient to recycle, easy to separate from a product, better in product quality, safe, stable and environmentally friendly, generated solid waste is greatly reduced, the experience of operators is greatly improved, and safety risks are lowered.
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Paragraph 0061; 0062; 0063
(2016/10/20)
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- SYNTHETIC METHOD FOR THE PREPARATION OF 1, 2-BENZISOTHIAZOLIN-3-ONE
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The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one compound (I) by reacting a 2-halobenzonitrile compound (II) with a thiol compound (III) to form an intermediate (IV) and subsequently reacting the intermediate (IV) with a halogenation agent in the presence of water to form a reaction mixture (RM), comprising the 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one compound (I) and a halide compound (V).
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Paragraph 0262; 0263
(2015/12/05)
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- Synthetic method for the preparation of 1,2-Benzisothiazolin-3-one
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The present invention relates to a method for producing a 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one compound (I) by reacting a 2-halobenzonitrile compound (II) with a thiol compound (III) to form an intermediate (IV) and subsequently reacting the intermediate (IV) with a halogenation agent in the presence of water to form a reaction mixture (RM), comprising the 1,2-benzisothiazolin-3-one compound (I) and a halide compound (V). R3-SH (III), R3_X1(V),
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Paragraph 0157
(2015/12/18)
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- Chlorination of hydrocarbons with CCl4 catalyzed by complexes of Mn, Mo, V, Fe
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Catalytic chlorination of alkanes, cycloalkanes, and adamantane utilizing tetrachloromethane as the source of chlorine and applying catalysts containing manganese, molybdenum, vanadium, and iron activated with nitrile ligands, alcohols, and water was fulfilled. The optimum ratios of catalysts and reagents and the best reaction conditions were found for selective synthesis of chlorine-substituted hydrocarbons derivatives. Pleiades Publishing, Ltd., 2013.
- Khusnutdinov,Shchadneva,Bayguzina,Oshnyakova,Mayakova,Dzhemilev
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p. 1557 - 1566
(2014/02/14)
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- Process for preparing alkyl chlorides
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The invention relates to a process for preparing alkyl chlorides by reacting alcohols with gaseous hydrogen chloride in the presence of a catalyst, wherein the catalyst comprises at least one compound of the structure: wherein R1 is a linear alkyl group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, R2, R3, and R4 is selected from a hydrogen, an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aralkyl or an alkylaryl group from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, wherein the substituents of R2, R3, and R4 are all identical, are all different or two of the substituents of R2, R3, and R4 type are identical.
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- An efficient method for chlorination of alcohols using PPh3/Cl3CCONH2
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A new and convenient method for the chlorination of alcohols utilizing PPh3/Cl3CCONH2 is addressed. Various alcohols could smoothly be converted into their corresponding alkyl chlorides in high yield under mild conditions with short reaction times. A mechanism is disclosed with the evidence of inversion of configuration of the analogous alkyl chloride derived from R-(-)-2-octanol.
- Pluempanupat, Wanchai,Chavasiri, Warinthorn
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p. 6821 - 6823
(2007/10/03)
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- A safe and efficient procedure to prepare alkyl and alkoxyalkyl chlorides and dichlorides by catalytic decomposition of the corresponding alkyl and alkoxyalkyl chloroformates and bischloroformates with hexabutylguanidinium chloride
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Small amounts of hexabutylguanidinium chloride (0.01 mol%) decomposes pure chloroformates or bischloroformates with different lengths of carbon chains by a semicontinuous process to diminish run-away risk, leading to chloride compounds with high yield and purity.
- Violleau,Thiebaud,Borredon,Le Gars
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p. 367 - 373
(2007/10/03)
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- Syntheses of long-chain quaternary ammonium salts from fatty alcohols by microwave irradiation
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The phase-transfer catalysts, long-chain quaternary ammonium salts, were rapidly synthesized from fatty alcohols by the reactions with hydrogen halides in the presence of trialkyl amines under microwave irradiation. The catalysts could be widely applied in a variety of quick and new organic reactions, whether by conventional heating or under microwave irradiation. The reaction efficiencies under microwave irradiation were higher than those obtained with conventional heating.
- Jiang,Hu,Pang,Yuan
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p. 847 - 850
(2007/10/03)
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- Diphenylphosphinated Ethylene Oligomers as polymeric Reagents for Synthesis of Alkyl Chlorides from Alcohols
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Diphenylphosphinated ethylene oligomers can be used as homogeneous polymeric reagents at 90 deg C in carbon tetrachloride to form alkyl chlorides from alcohols and since these funcionalized ethylene oligomers precipitate quantitatively from solution at 25 deg C, they can be easily recovered and separated from the reaction products and can be partially recycled.
- Bergbreiter, David E.,Blanton, James R.
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p. 337 - 338
(2007/10/02)
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- Preparation of Alkyl Chlorides, Acid Chlorides, and Amides Using Polymer-Supported Phosphines and Carbon Tetrachloride: Mechanism of These Reactions
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Alcohols and thiols were converted into alkyl chlorides, carboxylic acids were converted into acid chlorides, and mixtures of carboxylic acids and amines were converted into amides by reaction with carbon tetrachloride and 1percent cross-linked polystyrenes containing phosphine residues.Some of these conversions were also effected by using a linear polymer containing phosphine residues.The reactions proceed in high yield, and isolation of the products is facilitated by the ready removal of all the polymer-supported species.The mechanism of the reactions between triphenylphosphine, carbon tetrachloride, and alcohols is complex, but the polymer-supported reactions appear to follow analogous pathways to the low molecular weight reactions as judged by the yields of chloroform and the number of equivalents of phosphine consumed per mole of alkyl chloride produced.The mechanism requires polymer-supported groups reacting together.The slow step in the reactions appears to be the generation of the chlorinating species.The polymer-supported reactions are faster than those using triphenylphosphine or 4-(diphenylphosphinyl)isopropylbenzene.It is suggested that this is due to a microenvironmental effect.
- Harrison, Charles R.,Hodge, Philip,Hunt, Barry J.,Khoshdel, Ezzatollah,Richardson, Graham
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p. 3721 - 3728
(2007/10/02)
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- 2,4,6-Trialkyl-3-hydroxyphenylalkane phosphonates and phosphinates
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The compounds are trialkylsubstituted hydroxyphenylalkanephosphinates and phosphonates having the formula SPC1 Wherein R, R1 and R2 are independently lower alkyl or cycloalkyl groups, R3 is alkyl, alkyl substituted with one halogen atom, phenyl, phenyl substituted with alkyl groups, alkoxy, alkoxy substituted with one halogen groups, phenoxy, phenoxy substituted with alkyl groups, alkylthioethoxy, alkyloxalkylenoxy, R4 is alkyl, alkyll substituted with one halogen atom, cycloalkyl, phenyl, phenyl substituted with alkyl groups, alkylthioethyl, thiobisalkylene, alkylene, polyvalent cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon radical, A is lower alkylene and n is 1 to 4. These compounds are usually prepared by reacting the trialkylsubstituted hydroxybenzyl or hydroxyphenylalkyl halide with the appropriate trialkyl or triaryl phosphite or appropriate substituted phosphinite. The compounds are useful as stabilizers of organic materials subject to oxidative, thermal and UV light deterioration.
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