34241-86-6Relevant articles and documents
Tagging saccharides for signal enhancement in mass spectrometric analysis
Chang, Yu-Ling,Liao, Sylvain Kuo-Shiang,Chen, Ying-Chu,Hung, Wei-Ting,Yu, Hui-Ming,Yang, Wen-Bin,Fang, Jim-Min,Chen, Chung-Hsuan,Lee, Yuan Chuan
, p. 247 - 255 (2011)
MALDI-MS provides a rapid and sensitive analysis of large biomolecules such as proteins and nucleic acids. However, oligo- and polysaccharides are less sensitive in MS analysis partly due to their neutral and hydrophilic nature to cause low ionization efficiency. In this study, four types of oligosaccharides including aldoses, aminoaldoses, alduronic acids and α-keto acids were modified by appropriate tags at the reducing termini to improve their ionization efficiency. Bradykinin (BK), a vasoactive nonapeptide (RPPGFSPFR), containing two arginine and two phenylalanine residues turned out to be an excellent MS signal enhancer formaltoheptaose, GlcNAc oligomers and oligogalacturonic acids. In the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis using 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid (2,5-DHB) as the matrix, the GalA4-BK and GalA5-BK conjugates prepared by reductive amination showed the detection limit at 0.1 fmol, i.e. ~800-fold enhancement over the unmodified pentagalacturonic acids. The remarkable MS enhancement was attributable to the synergistic effect of the basic arginine residues for high proton affinity and the hydrophobic property phenylalanine residues for facile ionization. A tetrapeptide GFGR(OMe) and an arginine linked phenylenediamine (H2N)2Ph-R(OMe) were thus designed to act as potent tags of oligosaccharides in MS analysis. Interestingly, concurrent condensation and lactonization of α2,8-linked tetrasialic acid (SA4) was carried out with (H2N)2Ph-R(OMe) to obtain a quinoxalinone derivative, which showed>200-fold enhancement over unmodified SA4 in the MALDI-TOF-MS analysis. Copyright
Bromomethyl Silicate: A Robust Methylene Transfer Reagent for Radical-Polar Crossover Cyclopropanation of Alkenes
Luo, Wenping,Fang, Yewen,Zhang, Li,Xu, Tianhang,Liu, Yongjun,Li, Yan,Jin, Xiaoping,Bao, Jiakan,Wu, Xiaodong,Zhang, Zongyong
supporting information, p. 1778 - 1781 (2020/03/11)
A general protocol for visible-light-induced cyclopropanation of alkenes was developed with bromomethyl silicate as a methylene transfer reagent, offering a robust tool for accessing highly valuable cyclopropanes. In addition to α-aryl or methyl-substituted Michael acceptors and styrene derivatives, the unactivated 1,1-dialkyl ethylenes were also shown to be viable substrates. Apart from realizing the cyclopropanation of terminal alkenes, the methyl transfer reaction has been further demonstrated to be amenable to the internal olefins. The photocatalytic cyclopropanation of 1,3-bis(1-arylethenyl)benzenes was also achieved, giving polycyclopropane derivatives in excellent yields. With late-stage cyclopropanation as the key strategy, the synthetic utility of this transformation was also demonstrated by the total synthesis of LG100268.
Concise preparation of biologically active chitooligosaccharides
Huang
experimental part, p. 1413 - 1417 (2010/12/19)
Chitooligosaccharides (COSs) have demonstrated a diverse array of biological activities. Here we report a concise preparation method for tetra-N-acetyl-chitotetraose and penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose. The FACE analysis showed that the partially N-acetylated COS mixture mainly contained glucosamine (GlcN) and some oligomers [(GlcN)n, n = 2-7]. The N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAc) and peracetylated COSs [(GlcNAc)n, n = 2-7] were synthesised by treating the partially N-acetylated COS mixture with Ac2O-NaOAc. The peracetylated chitotetraose and chitopentaose were obtained by isolation of peracetylated COS mixture. NaOMe in dry MeOH was used for the deacetylation of peracetylated chitotetraose and chitopentaose, to give the tetra-N-acetyl- chitotetraose and penta-N-acetyl-chitopentaose, respectively.
Synthesis and characterization of well-defined, regularly branched polystyrenes utilizing multifunctional initiators
Lee, Jae S.,Quirk, Roderic P.,Foster, Mark D.
, p. 5381 - 5392 (2008/02/01)
A series of well-defined, long-branched polystyrenes (PS) of various architectures, but the same overall molecular weight, suited to the systematic study of branching effects, have been synthesized by anionic polymerization and characterized. Three end-branched, star-branched polystyrenes with 6, 9, and 13 end branches were synthesized with a trifunctional organolithium initiator; the synthesis of the 13-end molecule required a recently developed methoxysilyl functionalization and precipitation procedure to remove excess linking agent. In these architectures the number of branch points was fixed at four, while the number of chain ends varied. A 6-end, pom-pom (dumbbell-shaped) PS with two branch points was synthesized with a difunctional organolithium initiator. A regular 6-arm star polystyrene having one branch point was included to provide a comparison among three polymers, each having 6 ends, but having the number of branch points equal to 1, 2, or 4, The intrinsic viscosities and infinite dilution diffusion coefficients (and therefore the branching factors and hydrodynamic radii) decrease with increasing number of chain ends but do not vary monotonically with number of branch points. The values of Tg for the molecules reflect both the effects of tethering by junction points and increases in free volume due to the multiplication of chain ends as well as the presence of butadiene units used to facilitate linking.
Method for the direct preparation of olefins from ketones and Grignard reagents
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, (2008/06/13)
A method for the direct preparation of olefins from ketones and Grignard reagents without isolation of the intermediate alcohol and in the absence of acidic dehydration catalysts. Ketones are reacted with a Grignard reagent in the presence of a low boiling solvent for the Grignard reagent to form a Grignard reaction mixture. An active hydrogen-containing compound is added to the Grignard reaction mixture to form a reaction mixture comprising an alcohol and Grignard salts. The alcohol is dehydrated in the presence of the Grignard salts and a solvent which has a higher boiling point than solvents typically emloyed during the Grignard condensation. The higher boiling solvent can be an active hydrogen-containing compound such as n-octanol and otherwise can be added at any time, including the initial condensation step.