- On the mesophase formation of 1,3-dialkylimidazolium ionic liquids
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A series of seven different 1,3-dialkylimidazolium-based ion-pair salts with the same molecular weight and size but different symmetries was synthesized. For all salts, bromide was chosen as the counterion, giving the series ([CnIMCm][Br]), where IM = imidazolium and Cn and Cm are varying N-alkyl substituents with n + m = 13. Thus, the effect of symmetry on the physicochemical properties, such as thermal transitions, densities and viscosities and particularly mesophase formation, is investigated herein. All salts are fully characterized by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry, and their physicochemical properties such as thermal transitions, densities, and viscosities are reported. Single crystal X-ray structure analysis is reported for 1-tridecylimidazolium bromide ([C0IMC13][Br]) and 1-ethyl-3- undecylimidazolium bromide ([C2IMC11][Br]). Salts 1-tridecylimidazolium bromide ([C0IMC13][Br]) and 1-dodecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide ([C1IMC12][Br]) exhibit thermotropic liquid crystal behavior, confirmed by differential scanning calorimetry, polarized optical microscopy, and small-angle X-ray diffraction to be the SmA mesophase. A structure with interdigitation of alkyl chains is observed for all of [C0IMC13][Br], [C1IMC12][Br], and [C2IMC11][Br], despite the absence of thermotropic liquid crystalline behavior for the latter (and all other isomers with an alkyl chain length less than 12 carbon atoms). This allows us to draw the conclusion that for the liquid crystal phase of an ionic liquid to exist, not only are the calamitic shape and integral length of a molecule important but a minimal alkyl chain length of n = 12 is also required. Therefore, a dodecyl group could be considered as the functional group responsible for liquid crystalline behavior.
- Yang, Mei,Mallick, Bert,Mudring, Anja-Verena
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Read Online
- Convenient synthesis of imidazolium based dicationic ionic liquids
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A series of imidazolium based Dicationic Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been prepared and characterized successfully. Derivatives are prepared keeping the alkyl chain of alkylimidazole as methyl, ethyl, and propyl groups and the linker dibromoalkane is varied as an ethyl, propyl and butyl group. The variations of anions like Br?, BF4 ? and PF6 ? impact their morphological appearance like amorphous powder to low melting white solids or a hygroscopic nature. Refluxing the alkylimidazoles and dibromoalkanes in toluene for 24?h and an easy workup procedure makes this methodology more time saving for detailed exploration of Dicationic ILs. The formation of dicationic ILs with their anions like Br?, BF4 ?, PF6 ? has been confirmed with 1H, 13C, 31P and 19F NMR spectroscopy as well as the High Resolution Mass Spectroscopy Electron Impact technique.
- Aher, Sainath Babaji,Bhagat, Pundlik Rambhau
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Read Online
- In-situ synthesis of mercury(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes by using “oxide route”, structural characterization and their photo-catalytic degradation activity for dyes
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N-alkylated imidazole derivatives (1a-1b), mono-azolium salts (SL2-SL3) and their symmetrically (SC2) and non-symmetrically (SC3) substituted mercury(II)-N-heterocyclic carbene (Hg(II)-NHC) complexes were synthesized by using “oxide route”. The characterization was done by using physical (i.e., solubility, melting point determination, compound microscopic analysis) and spectral (i.e., UV-Visible spectroscopy, FT-IR spectroscopy, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy) methods. Chemical equilibrium between monomeric and dimeric structures of bromide-bridging Hg(II)-NHC complexes was also observed in the presence of solvent. Photo-catalytic degradation rate of two environmentally polluting dyes i.e., methylene blue (MR) and congo red (CR), was investigated by using compound 1 (SC2) and compound 2 (SC3) which demonstrated that the compound 2 had maximum degradation rate in the range of 70–80% as compared to the compound 1 (60–70% ).
- Altaf, Muhammad Faisal,Chaudhary, Sidra,Hasnain, Muhammad,Imran, Muhammad,Iqbal, Muhammad Adnan,Latif, Shoomaila
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- On the effects of head-group volume on the adsorption and aggregation of 1-(n-hexadecyl)-3-Cm-imidazolium bromide and chloride surfactants in aqueous solutions
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The effects of the length of alkyl side chain (Cm) of ionic liquid-based surfactants (ILBSs) on their adsorption at the water/air interface, and aggregation in aqueous solutions were investigated for the series 1-(n-hexadecyl)-3-Cm-imidazolium bromides and chlorides, where Cm = C1-C4 for the bromides, and C1-C5 for the chlorides. These physicochemical properties were calculated from surface tension, conductivity, and fluorescence data. It was found that increasing the length of Cm (i.e., volume of the head group) leads to enhancement of surface activity, increase in the area per surfactant molecule at the water/air interface (Amin) and the degree of counter-ion dissociation (αmic). Our data also indicated that increasing the volume of the head group results in a decrease of the critical micelle concentration (cmc), Gibb's free energy of adsorption and micellization, and microscopic polarity of interfacial water. In order to delineate the effects of the presence of unsaturation in the HG, we included members that carry Cm = vinyl and allyl in the bromide series. The effect of these groups was found to be similar to removing a methylene group from Cm. The dependence of the solubilization of a lipophilic dye (Sudan IV) and a drug (nitrendipine) on the length of Cm was also studied.
- Keppeler, Nicolas,Galgano, Paula D.,da Silva Santos, Soraya,Malek, Naved I.,El Seoud, Omar A.
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- Continuous production process of 2, 3, 5-trichloropyridine
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According to a continuous production process of 2, 3, 5-trichloropyridine, a continuous tubular chlorinator is adopted, pyridine is taken as a starting raw material, chlorination reaction is continuously carried out step by step by virtue of a catalyst 1 and a catalyst 2 which are independently researched and developed, and 2, 5-dichloropyridine and 2, 3, 5-trichloropyridine are prepared in sequence. In the preparation process of a catalyst 1 and a catalyst 2, the mass ratio of 1-chloropropane to imidazole to 2-chloroethyl diphenylphosphine to nickel tetracarbonyl is 1.2: 1: 3.7: 2.5, and the mass ratio of 1-chloropropane to imidazole to 2-chloroethyl diphenylphosphine to sodium hexachlororhodate hydrate is 1.2: 1: 3.7: 15. By means of the continuous tubular chlorinator, cheap and easily available pyridine is used as a starting raw material, chlorine atoms are introduced step by step through catalytic chlorination, the atom economy is good, the reaction selectivity is good, the yield of 2, 3, 5-trichloropyridine can be stabilized at 80% or above, the production efficiency is high, the process is easy to control, and the method is environmentally friendly and suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0013-0014
(2021/10/30)
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- Direct Deamination of Primary Amines via Isodiazene Intermediates
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We report here a reaction that selectively deaminates primary amines and anilines under mild conditions and with remarkable functional group tolerance including a range of pharmaceutical compounds, amino acids, amino sugars, and natural products. An anomeric amide reagent is uniquely capable of facilitating the reaction through the intermediacy of an unprecedented monosubstituted isodiazene intermediate. In addition to dramatically simplifying deamination compared to existing protocols, our approach enables strategic applications of iminium and amine-directed chemistries as traceless methods. Mechanistic and computational studies support the intermedicacy of a primary isodiazene which exhibits an unexpected divergence from previously studied secondary isodiazenes, leading to cage-escaping, free radical species that engage in a chain, hydrogen-atom transfer process involving aliphatic and diazenyl radical intermediates.
- Berger, Kathleen J.,Driscoll, Julia L.,Yuan, Mingbin,Dherange, Balu D.,Gutierrez, Osvaldo,Levin, Mark D.
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supporting information
p. 17366 - 17373
(2021/11/04)
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- N-Functionalised Imidazoles as Stabilisers for Metal Nanoparticles in Catalysis and Anion Binding
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Metal nanoparticles (NPs) have physicochemical properties which are distinct from both the bulk and molecular metal species, and provide opportunities in fields such as catalysis and sensing. NPs typically require protection of their surface to impede aggregation, but these coatings can also block access to the surface which would be required to take advantage of their unusual properties. Here, we show that alkyl imidazoles can stabilise Pd, Pt, Au, and Ag NPs, and delineate the limits of their synthesis. These ligands provide an intermediate level of surface protection, for which we demonstrate proof-of-principle in catalysis and anion binding.
- Beer, Paul D.,Cookson, James,Serpell, Christopher J.
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p. 683 - 690
(2020/07/03)
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- CYCLIC AMINE DERIVATIVE AND PHARMACEUTICAL USE THEREOF
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An object of the present invention is to provide a compound exerting an analgesic effect against pain, in particular, neuropathic pain and/or fibromyalgia syndrome. The present invention provides a cyclic amine derivative represented by the following general formula, or a pharmacologically acceptable salt thereof.
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Paragraph 0433; 0434
(2018/02/03)
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- Novel imidazole aldoximes with broad-spectrum antimicrobial potency against multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria
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In the search for a new class of potential antimicrobial agents, five novel N-substituted imidazole 2-aldoximes and their six quaternary salts were evaluated. The antimicrobial activity was assessed against a panel of representative Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, including multidrug resistant bacteria. All compounds demonstrated potent in vitro activity against the tested microorganisms, with MIC values ranging from 6.25 to 50.0 μg/mL. Among the tested compounds, two quaternary compounds (N-but-3-enyl- and meta- (10) or para- N-chlorobenzyl (11) imidazolium 2-aldoximes) displayed the most potent and broad-spectrum activity against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains. The broth microdilution assay was also used to investigate the antiresistance efficacy of the both most active compounds against a set of Enterobacteriaceae isolates carried a multiple extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) in comparison to eight clinically relevant antibiotics. N-but-3-enyl-N-meta-chlorobenzyl imidazolium 2-aldoxime was found to possess promising antiresistance efficacy against a wide range of β-lactamases producing strains (MIC 2.0 to 16.0 μg/mL). Best results for that compound were obtained against Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae producing multiple β-lactamases form A and C molecular classes, which were 32- and 128-fold more potent than ceftazidime and cefotaxime, respectively. To visualize the results, principal component analysis was used as an additional classification tool. The mixture of ceftazidime and compound 10 (3 μg:2 μg) showed a strong activity and lower the necessary amount (up to 40-fold) of 10 against five of ESBL-producing isolates (MIC ≤ 1 μg/mL).
- Sko?ibui?, Mirjana,Odak, Renata,Rami?, Alma,Smoli?, Tomislav,Hrenar, Tomica,Primoic, Ines
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- A planar anthracene–imidazolium/anthracene–benzimidazolium cation system in a spherical polyoxometalate matrix: Synthesis, crystallography and spectroscopy
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A series of ion–pair compounds, comprising of Lindqvist type isopolyanions viz., [Mo6O19]2?and [W6O19]2?as the counter anions and anthracene–imidazolium/anthracene–benzimidazolium as counter cations, have been described. Structures of the isolated stoichiometric solids have been unambiguously determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. In spite of the structural incompatibility between anthracene (planar) and the present polyoxometalate anions (spherical), coulombic and several intermolecular weak interactions, e.g. C–H?O, C–H?π, π–π, etc. compensate the destabilization energy raised due to presence of the structurally mis-matched components in the respective crystal lattices. Single-crystal- as well as powder X-ray-diffraction (PXRD) analyses reveal iso-structural relationship between the hexamolybdates- and hexatungstates-associated ion pair compounds. Conformational variation has been observed in the crystal structures containing benzyl benzimidazolium counter cations. Diffuse reflectance electronic absorption spectral studies are performed to understand the relatively intense color of the title compounds in their solid states in comparison to their respective solution states.
- Chatterjee, Tanmay,Kumar, N. Tanmaya,Das, Samar K.
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- Antimicrobial activity and SAR study of new gemini imidazolium-based chlorides
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A series of 70 new 3,3′(α,ω-dioxaalkyl)bis(1- alkylimidazolium) chlorides were synthesized. They were characterized with respect to surface active properties and antimicrobial activity against the following pathogens: Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter cloacae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida krusei, and Candida albicans. In this article, besides description of the synthesis, we characterize a set of features of these compounds, concerning their structure (described by the length of the dioxaalkan spacer and the length of the alkyl substituent in the aromatic ring) and surface active properties (critical micelle concentration, value of surface tension at critical micelle concentration, value of surface excess, molecular area of a single particle, and free energy of adsorption of molecule). Then, we present a SAR study for Staphylococcus aureus, as one of the most widespread pathogenic strains, conducted with the help of the Dominance-based Rough Set Approach (DRSA), that involves identification of relevant features and relevant combinations of features being in strong relationship with a high antimicrobial activity of the compounds. The SAR study shows, moreover, that the antimicrobial activity is dependent on the type of substituents and their position at the chloride moiety, as well as on the surface active properties of the compounds.
- Pa?kowski, ?ukasz,B?aszczyński, Jerzy,Skrzypczak, Andrzej,B?aszczak, Jan,Kozakowska, Karolina,Wróblewska, Joanna,Kozuszko, Sylwia,Gospodarek, Eugenia,Krysiński, Jerzy,S?owiński, Roman
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p. 278 - 288
(2014/03/21)
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- New eco-friendly 1-alkyl-3-(4-phenoxybutyl) imidazolium-based ionic liquids derivatives: A green ultrasound-assisted synthesis, characterization, antibacterial activity and POM analyses
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In view of the emerging importance of the ILs as "green" materials with wide applications and our general interests in green processes, a series of a twenty five new 1-alkyl-3-(4-phenoxybutyl) imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) derivatives is synthesized using a facile and green ultrasound-assisted procedure. Their structures were characterized by FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, 11B, 19F, 31P, and mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial screens of some selected ILs were conducted against a panel of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The antimicrobial activity of each compound was measured by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) yielding very interesting and promising results. Their antibacterial activities are reported, and, on the basis of the experimental and virtual POM screening data available, attempt is also made to elucidate the structure activity relationship.
- Messali, Mouslim,Aouad, Mohamed R.,El-Sayed, Wael S.,Ali, Adeeb Al-Sheikh,Hadda, Taibi Ben,Hammouti, Belkheir
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p. 11741 - 11759
(2014/11/08)
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- Simple, chemoselective hydrogenation with thermodynamic stereocontrol
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Few methods permit the hydrogenation of alkenes to a thermodynamically favored configuration when steric effects dictate the alternative trajectory of hydrogen delivery. Dissolving metal reduction achieves this control, but with extremely low functional group tolerance. Here we demonstrate a catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes that affords the thermodynamic alkane products with remarkably broad functional group compatibility and rapid reaction rates at standard temperature and pressure.
- Iwasaki, Kotaro,Wan, Kanny K.,Oppedisano, Alberto,Crossley, Steven W. M.,Shenvi, Ryan A.
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supporting information
p. 1300 - 1303
(2014/02/14)
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- Haloaurate and halopalladate imidazolium salts: Structures, properties, and use as precursors for catalytic metal nanoparticles
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The synthesis and characterisation of a series of new gold- and palladium-containing symmetrical imidazolium salts are described which display significant cation-dependent effects determined by the structure of the alkyl chains of the imidazolium motifs. Whereas direct reduction of the Pd salts can produce stable nanoparticles (NPs) coated by imidazolium salts, the addition of strong base to the Pd or Au salts before reduction gives stable NPs, potentially pacified by N-heterocyclic carbene units. The possibility of NP surface protection by metal-carbon bonds in these systems is investigated by spectroscopic, synthetic, and catalytic investigations, providing support for the hypothesis. Significantly, the catalytic activity of the NPs is not inhibited by the continued presence of the ligands. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Serpell, Christopher J.,Cookson, James,Thompson, Amber L.,Brown, Christopher M.,Beer, Paul D.
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p. 1385 - 1393
(2013/03/13)
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- Chemo-immunotherapeutic antimalarials targeting isoprenoid biosynthesis
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We synthesized 30 lipophilic bisphosphonates and tested them in malaria parasite killing (targeting parasite geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase, GGPPS) and human γδ T cell activation (targeting human farnesyl diphosphate synthase, FPPS). Similar patterns of activity were seen in inhibiting human FPPS and Plasmodium GGPPS, with short to medium chain-length species having most activity. In cells, shorter chain-length species had low activity, due to poor membrane permeability, and longer chain length species were poor enzyme inhibitors. Optimal activity was thus seen with ~C 10 side-chains, which have the best combination of enzyme inhibition and cell penetration. We also solved the crystal structure of one potent inhibitor, bound to FPPS. The results are of interest since they suggest the possibility of a combined chemo/immuno-therapeutic approach to antimalarial development in which both direct parasite killing and γδ T cell activation can be achieved with a single compound.
- Zhang, Yonghui,Zhu, Wei,Liu, Yi-Liang,Wang, Hong,Wang, Ke,Li, Kai,No, Joo Hwan,Ayong, Lawrence,Gulati, Anmol,Pang, Ran,Freitas-Junior, Lucio,Morita, Craig T.,Oldfield, Eric
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supporting information
p. 423 - 427
(2013/06/05)
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- Symmetrical 1, 3-Dialkylimidazolium Based Ionic Liquid Crystals
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The synthesis and characterization for a series of symmetrical 1, 3-dialkylimidazolium salts with different chain lengths and counter anions together with their 1-alkylimidazole precursors are described. Liquid crystal (LC) properties of these salts are studied. Images under polarizing optical microscopy show focal conic texture together with homeotropic domains. A smectic A mesophase, typical for rod-like imida-zolium salts, is assigned. Studies from powder X-ray diffraction suggest a lamellar structure with non-interdigitated monolayer arrangement for the LC salts in the mesophase. In addition, a short note on the structure and property relationship for rod-like, discor fan-like, and dendritic shaped imidazolium ionic liquid crystals (ImILCs) forming smectic, columnar, and cubic phase is briefly summarized. Acomparison of minimum alkyl chain length needed for 1-alkyl-3-methyl and symmetrical 1, 3-dialkyl ImILCs to exhibit LC behavior is addressed.
- Rohini, Rondla,Lee, Ching-Kuan,Lu, Jung-Tang,Lin, Ivan J.B.
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p. 745 - 754
(2013/11/06)
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- Anisotropic ionic conductivity in fluorinated ionic liquid crystals suitable for optoelectronic applications
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In this work, we report a library of thirteen fluorinated ionic liquids consisting of iodide salts of 1-alkyl-3-polyfluoroalkyl-imidazolium cations. By changing the length of the alkyl and polyfluoroalkyl pendants, we discovered that particular combinations of these result in compounds showing a mesophase. The nature and the molecular arrangement of the mesophase are characterised by polarised optical microscopy and powder X-ray diffraction analysis, among others. We demonstrate that, after the addition of I2 to generate the I-/I3- redox couple, anisotropic ionic conductivity takes place along preferential pathways in the lamellar structure of the mesophase. Notably, the addition of I2 does not suppress the mesophase temperature range, contrary to previously reported systems. Furthermore, the tendency of these materials to supercool allows the molecular arrangement in the mesophase to be retained in a solid film at ambient temperatures. Finally, we demonstrate their applicability as a quasi-solid electrolyte by preparing dye-sensitised solar cells with power conversion efficiencies comparable to the previous reports.
- Abate, Antonio,Petrozza, Annamaria,Cavallo, Gabriella,Lanzani, Guglielmo,Matteucci, Francesco,Bruce, Duncan W.,Houbenov, Nikolay,Metrangolo, Pierangelo,Resnati, Giuseppe
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p. 6572 - 6578
(2013/07/26)
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- Synthesis, limitations, and thermal properties of energetically- substituted, protonated imidazolium picrate and nitrate salts and further comparison with their methylated analogs
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The possibility of forming simple energetic ionic liquids via the straightforward protonation of heterocyclic amines with nitric or picric acid was explored with 1-alkylimidazoles, 1-alkyl-2-methylimidazoles, and nitro, dinitro, and dicyano-substituted derivatives. The melting points of most of the prepared salts were lower than expected and of the 30 compounds prepared, more than half were found to melt below 100 °C. Limitations in the approach were found as a result of the use of energetic electron withdrawing substituents, such as nitro or cyano, which results in a reduction in nucleophilicity of the heterocycle and an inability to form salts with the acids studied. Interesting thermal behavior was observed with several of the new salts including supercooling and crystallization on heating. Comparison of the simple protonated imidazolium nitrate and picrate salts with their methylated analogs indicated that the protonated ionic liquids do not differ substantially in their melting points from the methylated analogs. However, the thermal stabilities of protonated imidazolium salts are much lower than their alkylated derivatives. Nitrate salts with alkylated cations tend to be more thermally stable than the corresponding picrate salts, but with protonated cations, the picrate salts tend to be approximately 70-80 °C more stable than the nitrate salts. Moreover, accelerating rate calorimetry (ARC) revealed that alkylated salts decompose much less exothermically (in some cases endothermically) than the protonated analogs, and that among all the analyzed salts, the most energetic materials found were protonated 1-methylimidazolium nitrate and 1,2-dimethylimidazolium picrate. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2012.
- Smiglak, Marcin,Hines, C. Corey,Reichert, W. Matthew,Vincek, Adam S.,Katritzky, Alan R.,Thrasher, Joseph S.,Sun, Luyi,McCrary, Parker D.,Beasley, Preston A.,Kelley, Steven P.,Rogers, Robin D.
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experimental part
p. 702 - 722
(2012/05/04)
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- Solid-liquid phase alkylation of n-heterocycles: Microwave-assisted synthesis as an environmentally friendly alternative
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The solid-liquid phase alkylation of a variety of five-membered N-heterocycles (carbazole, imidazole, benzimidazole, and indole-3-carbaldehyde) was carried out under different conditions. The use of alkali carbonate in dimethylformamide or in MeCN (in the latter case, in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst) is a suitable method to prepare the corresponding N-alkylated products in an efficient way. In most cases, the solventless, microwave-assisted reaction is an environmentally friendly alternative to traditional methods. Copyrigh
- Milen, Matyas,Gruen, Alajos,Balint, Erika,Dancso, Andras,Keglevich, Gyoergy
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experimental part
p. 2291 - 2301
(2010/09/17)
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- Synthesis and properties of chiral imidazolium ionic liquids with a (1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl substituent
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A series of 1-[(1R,2S,5R)-(-)-menthoxymethyl]-3-alkylimidazolium salts have been synthesized, producing both hydrophilic and hydrophobic chiral imidazolium ionic liquids. Their physicochemical properties, single-crystal X-ray structures, antimicrobial activities, and antielectrostatic effects were determined and these compounds have proven to represent not only potential new solvents in asymmetric synthesis, but also effective, disinfectants with antielectrostatic activity. Given the number and diversities of the possible conformations and interionic interactions, coupled with the chiral nature of the cations, it should come as no surprise that these salts exhibit ionic liquid behavior and are so difficult to crystallize. The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique.
- Pernak, Juliusz,Feder-Kubis, Joanna,Cieniecka-Ros?onkiewicz, Anna,Fischmeister, Cedric,Griffin, Scott T.,Rogers, Robin D.
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p. 879 - 892
(2008/02/12)
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- Synthesis and properties of N,N′-dialkylimidazolium bis(nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonyl)imides: A new subfamily of ionic liquids
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A series of N,N′-dialkylimidazolium bis(nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonyl) imides was synthesized in high yields by quaternization of imidazole derivatives with various readily available alkylating reagents, followed by anion exchange with highly stable and non-hygroscopic potassium bis(nonafluorobutane-1- sulfonyl)imide. The latter was obtained by an improved method starting from ammonium chloride and nonafluorobutane-1-sulfonyl fluoride. The quaternary imidazolium salts thus obtained constitute a new subfamily of thermally stable and remarkably hydrophobic ionic liquids with melting points in the range 0-40°C and solubilities in water and organic solvents (aromatic hydrocarbons, dialkyl ethers) in the range of 0.5-1.5 wt%. The ionic liquids can be easily purified from ionic byproducts (e.g., halogenide salts) by aqueous extraction followed by thorough drying in a high vacuum without loss of yield. Due to the above features, these new ionic fluids may be considered as promising recyclable media in repeated catalytic processes.
- Quek, Ser Kiang,Lyapkalo, Ilya M.,Huynh, Han Vinh
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p. 3137 - 3145
(2007/10/03)
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- Self-assembled N-alkylimidazolium perfluorooctanesulfonates
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Thermostability of a smectic A phase composed of N-alkyl-imidazolium heptadecafluorooctanesulfonate was improved by the formation of nonpolar layer composed of mixed perfluoroalkyl and aliphatic chains. Copyright
- Mukai, Tomohiro,Yoshio, Masafumi,Kato, Takashi,Ohno, Hiroyuki
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p. 442 - 443
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of N-alkylated derivatives of imidazole as antibacterial agents
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N-Alkylation of imidazole, 2-methylimidazole and 2-methyl-4-nitroimidazole have been carried out to achieve effective antibacterial agents. The products were then investigated for antibacterial activity against Escherichia coil, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Antibacterial effects of 1-alkylimidazole derivatives increase as the number of carbons in alkyl chain increases up to nine carbons. Also substitution of 2-methyl and 2-methyl-4-nitro groups on imidazole ring increases the antibacterial activity.
- Khabnadideh,Rezaei,Khalafi-Nezhad,Bahrinajafi,Mohamadi,Farrokhroz
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p. 2863 - 2865
(2007/10/03)
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- 1,2,3-Benzothiadiazole derivatives
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Novel 1,2,3-benzothiadiazole derivatives of the formula STR1 in which Het has the meanings set forth in the specification, and addition products thereof with an acid or metal salt are very effective for the control of undesired microorganisms. Novel intermediates of the formulae STR2 in which Het1 and R5 have the meanings given in the specification.
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