- Activated ketone based inhibitors of human renin
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Application of the concept of activated ketones to the design of novel and potent transition-state analog inhibitors of the aspartyl protease renin is described. Three different classes of peptidic activated ketones were synthesized: 1,1,1-trifluoromethyl ketones, α-keto esters, and α-diketones. The corresponding alcohols were also evaluated as renin inhibitors in each series. While the trifluoromethyl alcohol 12 (I50 = 4000 nM) was equipotent to the simple methyl alcohol 7 (I50 = 3200 nM), the structurally similar α-hydroxy esters (32 and 30, I50's = 5.3 and 4.7 nM, respectively) and α- hydroxy ketones (41 and 42, I50 = 23 and 15 nM, respectively) were 150- 300-fold more active. The hydrating capability of the activated ketone functionality was important for intrinsic potency in the case of trifluoromethyl ketones, as illustrated by the significantly better activity of trifluoromethyl ketone 13 (I50 = 250 nM) compared to its alcohol analog 12 (I50 = 4000 nM). It was however unimportant for the α-keto ester (20 and 31, I50 = 15 and 4.1 nM, respectively) and α-diketone (43 and 44, I50 = 52 and 28 nM, respectively) based inhibitors, since their activity was essentially similar to that of the corresponding alcohols. These results collectively suggest that, whereas the trifluoromethyl ketones derive their renin inhibitory potency primarily from their ability to become hydrated, this is not a critical feature for the activity of α-dicarbonyl-based inhibitors. The α-keto ester and α-diketone based renin inhibitors benefit predominantly from the hydrophobic and/or H-bonding type binding interactions of the neighboring ester or acyl group itself, rather than the ability of this group to deactivate the adjacent ketone group and thereby make it susceptible to hydration.
- Patel,Rielly-Gauvin,Ryono,Free,Smith,Petrillo Jr.
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p. 2431 - 2447
(2007/10/02)
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- Peptides related to somatostatin
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Peptides of the formula: STR1 wherein: X is H, --NH2, --NH--Gly--Ala, --NH--D--Ala--Ala, --NH--Gly--Gly--Gly, --NH--acetyl, or --NH--benzoyl; X1 is His or Arg; X2 is His, Glu, Tyr, Trp, or Phe; X3 is Trp, D-Trp, or 6-F-D-Trp; and X4 is a D-α-amino acid; or the reduced, linear form thereof, or a non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; inhibit the release of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon; and show prolonged inhibition activity. Said peptides are prepared by solid-state methodology.
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- Polypeptides related to somatostatin
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Compounds of the formula: STR1 wherein: X is H, Ala-Gly, Gly-Gly-Gly, Ala-D-Ala, acetyl, or benzoyl; X1 is Arg or His; X2 is Glu or Asp; X3 is Trp or D-Trp; or 6-F-D-Trp; and X4 is Cys- or D-Cys; or a non-toxic pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt thereof; inhibit the secretion of growth hormone and glucagon without materially affecting the secretion of insulin.
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- Novel decapeptide amide analogs of leuteinizing hormone-releasing hormone
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The novel decapeptide amide derivatives of the formula wherein R1 is Tyr or Phe; R2 is D-Nle, D-Nva, D-Abu, D-Phe, D-Ser, D-Thr or D-Met and R3 is Leu, Ile or Nle have a strong ovulation inducing activity.
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