37492-26-5Relevant articles and documents
Hydroalkoxycarbonylation of olefins in the presence of palladium phosphine complexes: High activity and regioselectivity
Chepaikin,Bezruchenko,Suerbaev,Shalmagambetov
, p. 117 - 121 (2007/10/03)
Several types of catalyst systems were examined in the olefin hydroalkoxycarbonylation reaction. The systems contained Pd(PPh 3)4, PdCl2(PPh3)2, or some other palladium compounds as a principal component. The second component (promoter) was p-toluenesulfonic acid or diphenyl(m-sulfophenyl)phosphine, which combines both the ligand and promoter functions. An important feature of these systems is their high activity in the hydroalkoxycarbonylation of ethylene and a high regioselectivity (83-100%) in the hydroalkoxycarbonylation of α-olefins with respect to linear products. Thus, it was unnecessary to introduce additional stabilizing ligands to augment the catalyst and promoter. The esters obtained can find application in the pharmaceutical industry and perfumery, as well as in other industries. Nauka/Interperiodica 2006.
Reductive alkylation of electronegatively-substituted alkenes by alkylmercury halides
Russell, Glen A.,Shi, Bing Zhi,Jiang, Wan,Hu, Shuiesheng,Kim, Byeong H.,Baik, Woonphil
, p. 3952 - 3962 (2007/10/02)
Photolysis of alkylmercury halides in the presence of electronegatively-substituted 1-alkenes yields adduct radicals [RCH2CH(EWG).] that in some cases react with RHgX to form RCH2CH(HgX)(EWG), e.g., EWG = (EtO)2PO or PhSO2. When the EWG is carbonyl or cyano, the resonance stabilized adduct radicals fail to react with the alkyl mercury halide. In these cases photolysis with RHgCl/KI in Me2SO leads to the adduct mercurial via reaction of the adduct radicals with RHgI2-. The reactions of tertiary-enolyl adduct radicals are inefficient with RHgX/KI, and disproportionation of the adduct radicals is the major reaction pathway. For secondary- or tertiary-adduct radicals the reductive alkylation products are formed in excellent yield by reaction with RHgCl and silyl hydrides in Me2SO solution in a process postulated to involve RHgH as an intermediate. The relative reactivities of a number of α,β-unsaturated systems toward t-Bu. have been measured by competitive techniques. The results demonstrate a high reactivity of s-cis enones relative to the s-trans conformers.