- Synthesis and evaluation of benzenesulfonic acid derivatives as human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors
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Herein we report our investigation concerning the development of Human neutrophil elastase (hNE) inhibitors for the treatment of Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS). Various benzenesulfonic acid derived compounds were synthesized and evaluated as competitive inhibitors of hNE. Biological screening revealed that compound 4f shows moderate inhibitory activity (IC50 = 35.2 μM) against hNE. Compound 4f was also superimposed onto the active center of hNE to understand the binding mode.
- Xu, Yanzhao,Qi, Na,Wen, Hui,Zhang, Gang,Wang, Yuchen,Cui, Huaqing
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Read Online
- Photoredox Catalyzed Sulfonylation of Multisubstituted Allenes with Ru(bpy)3Cl2 or Rhodamine B
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A highly regio- and stereoselective sulfonylation of allenes was developed that provided direct access to α, β-substituted unsaturated sulfone. By means of visible-light photoredox catalysis, the free radicals produced by p-toluenesulfonic acid reacted with multisubstituted allenes to obtain Markovnikov-type vinyl sulfones with Ru(bpy)3Cl2 or Rhodamine B as photocatalyst. The yield of this reaction could reach up to 91%. A series of unsaturated sulfones would be used for further transformation to some valuable compounds.
- Chen, Jingyun,Chen, Shufang,Jiang, Jun,Lu, Qianqian,Shi, Liyang,Xu, Zekun,Yimei, Zhao
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supporting information
(2021/11/09)
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- SUBSTITUTED 1,2,4-OXADIAZOLES AS SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF UBIQUITIN-SPECIFIC PROTEASE 28
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The present disclosure relates to a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and to a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of formula (I) and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The disclosure also relates to a method of treating a disease or disorder associated with ubiquitin-specific protease 28 (USP28) a method of treating cancer, and a method of inhibiting USP28, comprising administering to a subject in need thereof a compound of formula (I).
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Paragraph 00195
(2022/02/28)
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- PCl3-mediated transesterification and aminolysis of tert-butyl esters via acid chloride formation
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A PCl3-mediated conversion of tert-butyl esters into esters and amides in one-pot under air is developed. This novel protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of skeletons of bioactive molecules and gram-scale reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation involves the formation of an acid chloride in situ, which is followed by reactions with alcohols or amines to afford the desired products.
- Wu, Xiaofang,Zhou, Lei,Li, Fangshao,Xiao, Jing
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p. 491 - 497
(2021/01/20)
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- METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING AROMATIC NITRILE COMPOUND
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The present invention provides a method for industrially producing a highly pure aromatic nitrile compound and a highly pure aromatic carboxylic acid compound safely and highly efficiently at low costs. Compound (2) is subjected to Willgerodt reaction in the presence of an additive as necessary, and the obtained amide compound (3) is hydrolyzed and neutralized to give carboxylic acid compound (4). Carboxylic acid compound (4) is reacted with a halogenating agent in the presence of a catalyst as necessary in an organic solvent, and further reacted with an amidating agent, and the obtained amide compound (5) or (6) is reacted with a dehydrating agent to give nitrile compound (1). Alternatively, carboxylic acid compound (4) is reacted with a halogenating agent and a compound represented by the formula R6SO2R7 in the presence of a catalyst as necessary in an organic solvent to give nitrile compound (1). Np is a naphthyl group optionally having substituent(s), R5 is an alkylene group having 1-3 carbon atoms, and other symbols are as described in the DESCRIPTION.
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- Novel Pyridine-Based Hydroxamates and 2′-Aminoanilides as Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors: Biochemical Profile and Anticancer Activity
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Starting from the N-hydroxy-3-(4-(2-phenylbutanoyl)amino)phenyl)acrylamide (5 b) previously described by us as a HDAC inhibitor, we prepared four aza-analogues, 6–8, 9 b, as regioisomers containing the pyridine nucleus. Preliminary screening against mHDAC1 highlighted the N-hydroxy-5-(2-(2-phenylbutanoyl)amino)pyridyl)acrylamide (9 b) as the most potent inhibitor. Thus, we further developed both pyridylacrylic- and nicotinic-based hydroxamates (9 a, 9 c–f, and 11 a–f) and 2′-aminoanilides (10 a–f and 12 a–f), related to 9 b, to be tested against HDACs. Among them, the nicotinic hydroxamate 11 d displayed sub-nanomolar potency (IC50: 0.5 nM) and selectivity up to 34 000 times that of HDAC4 and from 100 to 1300 times that of all the other tested HDAC isoforms. The 2′-aminoanilides were class I-selective HDAC inhibitors, generally more potent against HDAC3, with the nicotinic anilide 12 d being the most effective (IC50HDAC3=0.113 μM). When tested in U937 leukemia cells, the hydroxamates 9 e, 11 c, and 11 d blocked over 80 % of cells in G2/M phase, whereas the anilides did not alter cell-cycle progress. In the same cell line, the hydroxamate 11 c and the anilide 10 b induced about 30 % apoptosis, and the anilide 12 c displayed about 40 % cytodifferentiation. Finally, the most potent compounds in leukemia cells 9 b, 11 c, 10 b, 10 e, and 12 c were also tested in K562, HCT116, and A549 cancer cells, displaying antiproliferative IC50 values at single-digit to sub-micromolar level.
- Zwergel, Clemens,Di Bello, Elisabetta,Fioravanti, Rossella,Conte, Mariarosaria,Nebbioso, Angela,Mazzone, Roberta,Brosch, Gerald,Mercurio, Ciro,Varasi, Mario,Altucci, Lucia,Valente, Sergio,Mai, Antonello
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p. 989 - 999
(2020/12/17)
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- Identification of BR102910 as a selective fibroblast activation protein (FAP) inhibitor
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Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) belongs to the family of prolyl-specific serine proteases and displays both exopeptidase and endopeptidase activities. FAP expression is undetectable in most normal adult tissues, but is greatly upregulated in sites of tissue remodeling, which include fibrosis, inflammation and cancer. Due to its restricted expression pattern and dual enzymatic activities, FAP inhibition is investigated as a therapeutic option for several diseases. In the present study, we described the structure–activity relationship of several synthesized compounds against DPPIV and prolyl oligopeptidase (PREP). In particular, BR102910 (compound 24) showed nanomolar potency and high selectivity. Moreover, the in vivo FAP inhibition study of BR102910 (compound 24) using C57BL/6J mice demonstrated exceptional profiles and satisfactory FAP inhibition efficacy. Based on excellent in vitro and in vivo profiles, the potential of BR102910 (compound 24) as a lead candidate for the treatment of type 2 diabetes is considered.
- Jung, Hui Jin,Nam, Eun Hye,Park, Jin Young,Ghosh, Prithwish,Kim, In Su
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supporting information
(2021/02/26)
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- The organocatalytic enantiodivergent fluorination of β-ketodiaryl-phosphine oxides for the construction of carbon-fluorine quaternary stereocenters
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Commercially available cinchona alkaloids that can catalyze the enantiodivergent fluorination of β-ketodiarylphosphine oxides were developed to construct carbon-fluorine quaternary stereocenters. This protocol features a wide scope of substrates and excellent enantioselectivities, and it is scalable.
- Xie, Shaolei,He, Zhi-Juan,Zhang, Ling-Hui,Huang, Bo-Lun,Chen, Xiao-Wei,Zhan, Zong-Song,Zhang, Fu-Min
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supporting information
p. 2069 - 2072
(2021/03/01)
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- Photoinduced Diverse Reactivity of Diazo Compounds with Nitrosoarenes
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A diverse reactivity of diazo compounds with nitrosoarene in an oxygen-transfer process and a formal [2 + 2] cycloaddition is reported. Nitosoarene has been exploited as a mild oxygen source to oxidize an in situ generated carbene intermediate under visible-light irradiation. UV-light-mediated in situ generated ketenes react with nitosoarenes to deliver oxazetidine derivatives. These operationally simple processes exemplify a transition-metal-free and catalyst-free protocol to give structurally diverse α-ketoesters or oxazetidines.
- Roy, Sourav,Kumar, Gourav,Chatterjee, Indranil
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supporting information
p. 6709 - 6713
(2021/09/08)
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- Quantitative activity-activity relationship (QAAR) driven design to develop hydroxamate derivatives of pentanoic acids as selective HDAC8 inhibitors: synthesis, biological evaluation and binding mode of interaction studies
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Histone deacetylase 8 (HDAC8) has been implicated as a potential drug target of many diseases including cancer. HDAC8 isoform selectivity over other class-I HDACs is a major concern nowadays. In this work, a series of pentanoic acid based hydroxamates wit
- Amin, Sk. Abdul,Trivedi, Prakruti,Adhikari, Nilanjan,Routholla, Ganesh,Vijayasarathi, Dhanya,Das, Sanjib,Ghosh, Balaram,Jha, Tarun
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p. 17149 - 17162
(2021/10/04)
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- N-monoarylacetothioureas as potent urease inhibitors: synthesis, SAR, and biological evaluation
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A urease inhibitor with good in vivo profile is considered as an alternative agent for treating infections caused by urease-producing bacteria such as Helicobacter pylori. Here, we report a series of N-monosubstituted thioureas, which act as effective urease inhibitors with very low cytotoxicity. One compound (b19) was evaluated in detail and shows promising features for further development as an agent to treat H. pylori caused diseases. Excellent values for the inhibition of b19 against both extracted urease and urease in intact cell were observed, which shows IC50 values of 0.16 ± 0.05 and 3.86 ± 0.10 μM, being 170- and 44-fold more potent than the clinically used drug AHA, respectively. Docking simulations suggested that the monosubstituted thiourea moiety penetrates urea binding site. In addition, b19 is a rapid and reversible urease inhibitor, and displays nM affinity to urease with very slow dissociation (koff=1.60 × 10?3 s?1) from the catalytic domain.
- Fang, Hai-Lian,He, Jie-Ling,Li, Wei-Yi,Liu, Shan-Shan,Ni, Wei-Wei,Pan, Xing-Ming,Xiao, Zhu-Ping,Ye, Ya-Xi,Yi, Juan,Zhou, Mi,Zhou, Tian-Li,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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p. 404 - 413
(2020/01/03)
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- Visible-Light-Assisted Gold-Catalyzed Fluoroarylation of Allenoates
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A strategically novel synthetic method for the fluoroarylation of allenic ester was developed that enables the expedient construction of a host of β-fluoroalkyl-containing cinnamate derivatives. The reaction proceeds through visible-light-promoted gold redox catalysis, occurs smoothly under very mild reaction conditions, accommodates a large variety of functional groups, and more importantly allows the incorporation of fluorine and aryl groups with excellent regio- and stereoselectivity. The concomitant activation mode for both the allene motif and the hydrogen fluoride is key for the success of the reaction.
- Feng, Chao,Tang, Hai-Jun,Zhang, Xinggui,Zhang, Yu-Feng
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supporting information
p. 5242 - 5247
(2020/02/28)
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- Ni-Catalyzed Regiodivergent and Stereoselective Hydroalkylation of Acyclic Branched Dienes with Unstabilized C(sp3) Nucleophiles
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Two complementary regiodivergent [(P,N)Ni]-catalyzed hydroalkylations of branched dienes are reported. When amides are employed as unstabilized C(sp3) nucleophiles, a highly regioselective 1,4-addition process is favored. The addition products are obtained in high yield and with excellent stereocontrol of the internal olefin. With use of a chiral ligand and imides as carbon nucleophiles, a 3,4-addition protocol was developed, enabling construction of two contiguous tertiary stereocenters in a single step with moderate to high levels of diastereocontrol and excellent enantiocontrol. Both methods operate under mild reaction conditions, display a broad scope, and show excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic potential of the 3,4-hydroalkylation reaction was established via a series of postcatalytic modifications.
- Shao, Wen,Besnard, Céline,Guénée, Laure,Mazet, Clément
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supporting information
p. 16486 - 16492
(2020/10/26)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Distal C?H Selenylation of 2-Aryl Acetamides with Diselenides and Selenyl Chlorides
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A convenient and effective method of palladium-catalyzed C?H selenylation of the 2-aryl acetamides assisted with removable 8-aminoquinoline with readily available diselenides and selenyl chlorides has been developed. This selenylation reaction is scalable and tolerates a wide range of functional groups, providing a straightforward way of the preparing unsymmetrical diaryl selenides and dibenzoselene-pinone. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicated that a single-electron transfer type mechanism and facile C?H metalation are operative. (Figure presented.).
- Gu, Linghui,He, Meicui,Ma, Wenbo,Tan, Yuqiang,Wang, Yang,Wang, Yuchi,Zhang, Chunran
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supporting information
p. 5708 - 5715
(2020/12/01)
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- Cobalt(II)-Catalyzed Stereoselective Olefin Isomerization: Facile Access to Acyclic Trisubstituted Alkenes
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Stereoselective synthesis of trisubstituted alkenes is a long-standing challenge in organic chemistry, due to the small energy differences between E and Z isomers of trisubstituted alkenes (compared with 1,2-disubstituted alkenes). Transition metal-catalyzed isomerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkenes can serve as an alternative approach to trisubstituted alkenes, but it remains underdeveloped owing to issues relating to reaction efficiency and stereoselectivity. Here we show that a novel cobalt catalyst can overcome these challenges to provide an efficient and stereoselective access to a broad range of trisubstituted alkenes. This protocol is compatible with both mono- and dienes and exhibits a good functional group tolerance and scalability. Moreover, it has proven to be a useful tool to construct organic luminophores and a deuterated trisubstituted alkene. A preliminary study of the mechanism suggests that a cobalt-hydride pathway is involved in the reaction. The high stereoselectivity of the reaction is attributed to both a π-πstacking effect and the steric hindrance between substrate and catalyst.
- Zhang, Sheng,Bedi, Deepika,Cheng, Lu,Unruh, Daniel K.,Li, Guigen,Findlater, Michael
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supporting information
p. 8910 - 8917
(2020/12/23)
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- N-Acyl pyrazoles: Effective and tunable inhibitors of serine hydrolases
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A series of N-acyl pyrazoles was examined as candidate serine hydrolase inhibitors in which the active site acylating reactivity and the leaving group ability of the pyrazole could be tuned not only through the nature of the acyl group (reactivity: amide
- Otrubova, Katerina,Chatterjee, Shreyosree,Ghimire, Srijana,Cravatt, Benjamin F.,Boger, Dale L.
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p. 1693 - 1703
(2019/03/21)
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- Enantioselective 1,2-Anionotropic Rearrangement of Acylsilane through a Bisguanidinium Silicate Ion Pair
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Highly enantioselective bisguanidinium-catalyzed tandem rearrangements of acylsilanes are reported. The acylsilanes were activated via an addition of fluoride on the silicon to form a penta-coordinate anionic silicate intermediate. The silicate then underwent alkyl or aryl group migration from the silicon atom to the neighboring carbonyl carbon atom (1,2-anionotropic rearrangement), followed by [1,2]-Brook rearrangement to provide the secondary alcohols in high yields with excellent enantioselectivities (up to 95% ee). The isolation of an α-silylcarbinol intermediate as well as DFT calculations revealed that the 1,2-anionotropic rearrangement occurred via a bisguanidinium silicate ion pair, which is the stereodetermining step. The chiral center formed is then retained without inversion through the subsequent [1,2]-Brook rearrangement. Crotyl acylsilanes were smoothly transformed into homoallylic linear crotyl alcohols with retention of E/Z geometry, and no branched alcohols were detected. This clearly suggested that the 1,2-anionotropic rearrangement occurred through a three-membered instead of a five-membered transition state.
- Cao, Weidi,Tan, Davin,Lee, Richmond,Tan, Choon-Hong
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supporting information
p. 1952 - 1955
(2018/02/17)
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- Directed Remote Lateral Metalation: Highly Substituted 2-Naphthols and BINOLs by In Situ Generation of a Directing Group
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A general synthesis of highly substituted 2-naphthols based on a new carbanionic reaction sequence is demonstrated. The reaction exploits the dual nature of lithium bases consisting of consecutive ring opening of readily available coumarins with either LiNEt2 or LiNiPr2 into Z-cinnamamides, thus generating a directing group in situ and allowing, by conformational freedom, a lateral directed remote metalation for ring closure to give the aryl 2-naphthols in good to excellent yields. These transformations can be combined to provide a more efficient one-pot process. Mechanistic insight into the remote lateral metalation step, demonstrating the requirement of Z-cinnamamide, is described. Application of this methodology to the synthesis of highly substituted 3,3′-diaryl BINOL ligands is also reported.
- Patel, Jignesh J.,Laars, Marju,Gan, Wei,Board, Johnathan,Kitching, Matthew O.,Snieckus, Victor
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supporting information
p. 9425 - 9429
(2018/07/29)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of Z-vinylsilanes via palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular silylation of C(sp2)-H bonds
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An efficient and convenient palladium-catalyzed direct intermolecular silylation of C(sp2)-H bonds by using disilanes as the silicon source with the assistance of a readily removable bidentate directing group is reported. This strategy provided a regio- and stereoselective protocol for exclusive synthesis of Z-vinylsilanes with reasonable to excellent yields and good functional group compatibility. Silylation of the isolated palladacycle intermediate revealed the Z-stereoselective pathway. Moreover, the practicality and effectiveness of this method were illustrated by a gram-scale experiment and further functionalization of the silylation product.
- Pan, Jin-Long,Chen, Chao,Ma, Zhi-Gang,Zhou, Jia,Wang, Li-Ren,Zhang, Shu-Yu
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supporting information
p. 5216 - 5219
(2017/11/06)
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- CONFORMATIONALLY CONSTRAINED, FULLY SYNTHETIC MACROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
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The conformationally restricted, spatially defined macrocyclic ring system of formula (I) is constituted by three distinct molecular parts: Template A, conformation Modulator B and Bridge C. Macrocycles described by this ring system I are readily manufactured by parallel synthesis or combinatorial chemistry in solution or on solid phase. They are designed to interact with a variety of specific biological target classes, examples being agonistic or antagonistic activity on G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), inhibitory activity on enzymes or antimicrobial activity. In particular, these macrocycles show inhibitory activity on endothelin converting enzyme of subtype 1 (ECE-1) and/or the cysteine protease cathepsin S (CatS), and/or act as antagonists of the oxytocin (OT) receptor, thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) receptor and/or leukotriene B4 (LTB4) receptor, and/or as agonists of the bombesin 3 (BB3) receptor, and/or show antimicrobial activity against at least one bacterial strain. Thus they are showing great potential as medicaments for a variety of diseases.
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Paragraph 0160; 0766
(2015/02/25)
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- An amidation/cyclization approach to the synthesis of N-hydroxyquinolinones and their biological evaluation as potential anti-plasmodial, anti-bacterial, and iron(II)-chelating agents
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A 26-member library of novel N-hydroxyquinolinone derivatives was synthesized by a one-pot Buchwald-type palladium catalyzed amidation and condensation sequence. The design of these rare scaffolds was inspired from N-hydroxypyridones and 2-quinolinones classes of compounds which have been shown to have rich biological activities. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their anti-plasmodial and anti-bacterial properties. In addition, these compounds were screened for their iron(II)-chelation properties. Notably, four of these compounds exhibited anti-plasmodial activities comparable to that of the natural product cordypyridone B.
- Teng, Yanbo,Suwanarusk, Rossarin,Ngai, Mun Hong,Srinivasan, Rajavel,Ong, Alice Soh Meoy,Ho, Bow,Rnia, Laurent,Chai, Christina L.L.
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supporting information
p. 607 - 610
(2015/01/30)
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- Design of dual MMP-2/HDAC-8 inhibitors by pharmacophore mapping, molecular docking, synthesis and biological activity
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Recent analyses have highlighted the promotion of cancer migration and invasion, mediated through HDAC via MMP-2 and MMP-9. Since both class 1 HDACs and MMP-2/9 are involved in the migration and invasion of cancer, an attempt has been taken to design dual MMP-2/HDAC-8 inhibitors by pharmacophore mapping and molecular docking approaches. The designed molecules were synthesized and showed a range of inhibitory activity against different MMP subtypes. Most of these designed compounds were selective towards MMP-2 but less potent against anti-targets like MMP-8, -12, etc. The highly active MMP-2 inhibitors were also found to be active towards HDAC-8 but less potent against other class 1 HDACs (HDAC-1 and -2). Molecular dynamics simulations revealed that the designed compounds may be acting through a distinct mechanism of action in the 'acetate ion channel' of HDAC-8. Some potent dual MMP-2/HDAC-8 inhibitors were further explored for in vitro cellular assays against human lung carcinoma cell line A549. These analyses revealed that some of these dual inhibitors have considerable anti-migratory and anti-invasive properties. The work may help to obtain some useful dual inhibitors.
- Halder, Amit K.,Mallick, Sumana,Shikha, Deep,Saha, Achintya,Saha, Krishna D.,Jha, Tarun
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p. 72373 - 72386
(2015/09/08)
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- Three-component asymmetric catalytic ugi reaction - Concinnity from diversity by substrate-mediated catalyst assembly
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The first chiral catalyst for the three-component Ugi reaction was identified as a result of a screen of a large set of different BOROX catalysts. The BOROX catalysts were assembled in situ from a chiral biaryl ligand, an amine, water, BH3×SMe2, and an alcohol or phenol. The catalyst screen included 13 different ligands, 12 amines, and 47 alcohols or phenols. The optimal catalyst system (LAP 8-5-47) provided α-amino amides from an aldehyde, a secondary amine, and an isonitrile with excellent asymmetric induction. The catalytically active species is proposed to be an ion pair that consists of the chiral boroxinate anion and an iminium cation. Harmonious arrangement of parts: A screen of BOROX catalysts that were generated in situ from 13 different ligands and 47 alcohols led to the identification of an effective combination for the catalytic asymmetric three-component Ugi reaction. Experimental results suggest that the catalyst is a chiral polyborate anion, which then forms an ion pair with the iminium cation that is generated from aldehyde and secondary amine.
- Zhao, Wenjun,Huang, Li,Guan, Yong,Wulff, William D.
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supporting information
p. 3436 - 3441
(2014/04/03)
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- Discovery libraries targeting the major enzyme classes: The serine hydrolases
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Two libraries of modestly reactive ureas containing either electron-deficient acyl anilines or acyl pyrazoles were prepared and are reported as screening libraries for candidate serine hydrolase inhibitors. Within each library is a small but powerful subs
- Otrubova, Katerina,Srinivasan, Venkat,Boger, Dale L.
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supporting information
p. 3807 - 3813
(2014/09/16)
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- The iso-VAPOL ligand: Synthesis, solid-state structure and its evaluation as a BOROX catalyst
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The new vaulted biaryl ligand iso-VAPOL is an isomer of VAPOL but has the chiral pocket of VANOL. The synthesis of iso-VAPOL involves a cycloaddition/electrocyclization cascade (CAEC) similar to one that is used for VAPOL except that the starting material
- Gupta, Anil K.,Zhang, Xin,Staples, Richard J.,Wulff, William D.
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p. 4406 - 4415
(2015/02/02)
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- Pd(ii)-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of phenylacetamides with α-oxocarboxylic acids via C-H bond activation
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A palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative acylation of phenylacetamides with α-oxocarboxylic acids via C-H bond activation is described. This protocol provides efficient access to a range of ortho-acyl phenylacetamides, which can be easily converted to 3-isochromanone derivatives. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Park, Jihye,Kim, Minyoung,Sharma, Satyasheel,Park, Eonjeong,Kim, Aejin,Lee, Sang Hwi,Kwak, Jong Hwan,Jung, Young Hoon,Kim, In Su
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supporting information
p. 1654 - 1656
(2013/03/14)
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- α-Diazo-β-ketonitriles: Uniquely reactive substrates for arene and alkene cyclopropanation
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An investigation of the intramolecular cyclopropanation reactions of α-diazo-β-ketonitriles is reported. These studies reveal that α-diazo-β-ketonitriles exhibit unique reactivity in their ability to undergo arene cyclopropanation reactions; other similar acceptor-acceptor- substituted diazo substrates instead produce mixtures of C-H insertion and dimerization products. α-Diazo-β-ketonitriles also undergo highly efficient intramolecular cyclopropanation of tri- and tetrasubstituted alkenes. In addition, the α-cyano-α-ketocyclopropane products are demonstrated to serve as substrates for SN2, SN2′, and aldehyde cycloaddition reactions.
- Nani, Roger R.,Reisman, Sarah E.
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supporting information
p. 7304 - 7311
(2013/06/27)
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- Enantioselective activation of stable carboxylate esters as enolate equivalents via N-heterocyclic carbene catalysts
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The first N-Heterocyclic Carbene (NHC) mediated activation of stable carboxylate esters to generate enolate intermediates is disclosed. The catalytically generated arylacetic ester enolates undergo enantioselective reactions with α,β-unsaturated imines.
- Hao, Lin,Du, Yu,Lv, Hui,Chen, Xingkuan,Jiang, Huishen,Shao, Yaling,Chi, Yonggui Robin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2154 - 2157
(2012/07/14)
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- Trapping intermediates in an [8 + 2] cycloaddition reaction with the help of DFT calculations
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DFT calculations predict that the [8 + 2] cycloaddition reaction between ketenes and 8-azaheptafulvenes occurs stepwise through antiaromatic zwitterionic intermediates. With adequate modifications of both the electronic properties of the ketene and the re
- Lage, Marta L.,Fernandez, Israel,Sierra, Miguel A.,Torres, M. Rosario
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supporting information; body text
p. 2892 - 2895
(2011/08/02)
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- Sequential rhodium-, silver-, and gold-catalyzed synthesis of fused dihydrofurans
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A triple cascade process was developed for the rapid synthesis of polycyclic benzo-fused dihydrofurans. The first step is a rhodium-catalyzed cyclopropanation of α-aryldiazoketones with alkenes. This is followed by a silver-catalyzed ring expansion to dih
- Wang, Hengbin,Denton, Justin R.,Davies, Huw M. L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4316 - 4319
(2011/10/05)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives containing 1,4-benzodioxan as potential antitumor agents
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A series of 1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives containing 1,4-benzodioxan (2a-2s) have been synthesized to screen for FAK inhibitory activity. Compound 2p showed the most potent biological activity against HEPG2 cancer cell line (EC50 = 10.28 μg/mL
- Sun, Juan,Yang, Yu-Shun,Li, Wei,Zhang, Yan-Bin,Wang, Xiao-Liang,Tang, Jian-Feng,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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scheme or table
p. 6116 - 6121
(2011/10/31)
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- Synthesis of α-CF3-substituted carbonyl compounds with relative and absolute stereocontrol using electrophilic CF3-transfer reagents
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Evans-type chiral lithium imide enolates undergo diastereoselective α-trifluoromethylation with a hypervalent iodine-CF3 reagent with up to 91% combined isolated yield and 97:3 dr. The resulting isolated diastereopure products can be further transformed into valuable products without racemization.
- Matousek, Vaclav,Togni, Antonio,Bizet, Vincent,Cahard, Dominique
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5762 - 5765
(2012/01/06)
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- Facile preparation of protected benzylic and heteroarylmethyl amines via room temperature Curtius rearrangement
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A step-wise, room temperature procedure for acyl azide formation and the subsequent Curtius rearrangement of phenyl and heteroaryl acetic acids is described. We have developed a protocol for room temperature Curtius rearrangement in MeOH or CHCl3 that provides an improvement over standard conditions, avoiding the use of additives or heat. This room temperature optimization of the Curtius rearrangement prevents the formation of side products often observed with benzylic acids, allowing access to a variety of benzylic and heteroarylmethyl amines.
- Leathen, Matthew L.,Peterson, Emily A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2888 - 2891
(2010/06/14)
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- Synthesis and photophysical properties of pyrrole/polycyclic aromatic units hybrid fluorophores
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A series of pyrrole/polycyclic aromatic unit hybrid fluorophores was developed by a two-stage synthetic strategy. Their central aryl-substituted pyrrole cores were constructed by a Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis reaction. The reaction conditions and mechanism are also discussed in detail. End-capping triflate onto the central pyrrole core enables the core to incorporate various polycyclic aromatic units. The Buchwald-Hartwig amination reaction and the Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling reaction were adopted to incorporate the triflate end-capping pyrrole with N-phenylnaphthalen-1-amine and various polycyclic aromatic units to form the hybrid fluorophores. The photophysical properties and thermal properties of the fluorophores were characterized. Most of the pyrrole fluorophores emitted blue light and exhibited high quantum efficiency. The fluorescence properties of these pyrrole fluorophores were induced by manipulating the surrounding polycyclic aromatic units. When the central pyrrole core was incorporated with amino or naphthalene moieties, the fluorescence efficiency and thermal stability of fluorophores 1 and 2 were low (φf g f > 0.99) and stable glassy morphology (the Tg value of the fluorophore 6 was as high as 220 °C). Results of this study demonstrate that the sterically induced fluorescence of crowded pyrrole and the fluorescent polycyclic aromatic units significantly affect the emission properties of the hybrid fluorophores.
- Li, Chang-Shun,Tsai, Ya-Hsuan,Lee, Wei-Chen,Kuo, Wen-Jang
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experimental part
p. 4004 - 4013
(2010/08/19)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of nipecotic acid derivatives via palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization of γ-methylidene-δ- valerolactones with imines
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A new synthetic method of multisubstituted nipecotic acid (piperidine-3-carboxylic acid) derivatives has been developed by way of palladium-catalyzed decarboxylative cyclization of γ-methylidene- δ-valerolactones with (mines.
- Shintani, Ryo,Murakami, Masataka,Hayashi, Tamio
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 457 - 459
(2009/07/11)
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- Enzymatic desymmetrization of prochiral 2-substituted-1,3-diamines: Preparation of valuable nitrogenated compounds
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A wide range of prochiral 1, 3-diamines were first efficiently synthesized and subsequently desymmetrized by using lipase from Pseudomonas cepacia as catalyst and diallyl carbonate as alkoxycarbonylating agent. In all cases, the amino carbamates of R-configuration were recovered. Final selective cleavage of the N-allyloxycarbonyl moiety was carried out under mild reaction conditions, which demonstrates the high versatility and potential of this chemoenzymatic route as a source of intermediates in the synthesis of related optically active nitrogenated derivatives.
- Rios-Lombardia, Nicolas,Busto, Eduardo,Garcia-Urdiales, Eduardo,Gotor-Fernandez, Vicente,Gotor, Vicente
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 2571 - 2574
(2009/07/25)
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- An investigation into the electrophilic cyclisation of N-acyl-pyrrolidinium ions: A facile synthesis of Pyrrolo-tetrahydroisoquinolones and Pyrrolo-benzazepinones
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The triflic acid-mediated cyclisation of N-arylmethyl- and N-arylethyl-acylpyrrolidinium ions gave moderate to good yields of pyrrolo-tetrahydroisoquinolones and pyrrolo-benzazepinones respectively. Electron-donating R substituents enhanced the rate of reaction and gave higher yields than electron-withdrawing substituents. Substituents on the methyl or ethyl chain in general enhanced the reaction, unless sterically encumbered. The equivalent acylpiperidinium ions cyclised much slower and in lower yield.
- King, Frank D.,Aliev, Abil E.,Caddick, Stephen,Copley, Royston C. B.
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experimental part
p. 3561 - 3571
(2010/01/06)
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- New organofluorine building blocks: Inhibition of the malarial aspartic proteases plasmepsin II and IV by alicyclic α,α-difluoroketone hydrates
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The development of new therapeutic agents against malaria has become urgent during the past few decades, due to an increased prevalence of drug-resistant strains of malaria-causing Plasmodium parasites. Possible targets are the hemoglobin-degrading aspartic proteases, the plasmepsins. While acyclic α,α-difluoroketone hydrates have been introduced into peptidomimetics to bind to the catalytic Asp dyad of aspartic proteases, alicyclic derivatives were unknown. This paper describes a versatile synthesis of hydrated alicyclic α,α-difluoro-cyclopentanones and -cyclohexanones, decorated with appropriate substituents to fill the S1/S3 and the "flap-open" pocket at the enzyme active sites. Their biological activity was tested against plasmepsin II and IV, revealing an IC50 value (concentration of an inhibitor at which 50% maximum initial velocity is observed) of 7 μM for the best ligand. Reference inhibitors with a protonated secondary ammonium centre to address the catalytic dyad showed similar binding affinities. The X-ray crystal structure of a cyclic α,α- difluoroketone hydrate revealed the ability of these novel building blocks to participate in H-bonding networks. The hydration of difluoroketones was also investigated in solution. An exemplary study showed that the equilibrium constants for the hydration of α,α-difluorinated cyclohexanones are much higher than those for the corresponding cyclopentanones.
- Faeh, Christoph,Hardegger, Leo A.,Baitsch, Lukas,Schweizer, W. Bernd,Meyer, Solange,Bur, Daniel,Diederich, Francois
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experimental part
p. 3947 - 3957
(2009/12/05)
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- One-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles directly from carboxylic acids
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Methanesulfonic acid has been found to be a highly effective catalyst for a convenient and one-pot synthesis of 2-substituted benzoxazoles by the reaction of 2-aminophenol with acid chlorides, generated in situ from carboxylic acids. Aryl, heteroaryl, and arylalkyl carboxylic acids provided excellent yields of the corresponding benzoxazoles. The reaction conditions were compatible with various substituents such as chloro, bromo, nitro, methoxy, cyclopentyloxy, phenoxy, thiophenoxy, and conjugated double bonds. Benzoxazole formation was found to be general with respect to substituted 2-aminophenols.
- Kumar, Dinesh,Rudrawar, Santosh,Chakraborti, Asit K.
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scheme or table
p. 881 - 887
(2009/04/11)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING GEMCITABINE AND ASSOCIATED INTERMEDIATES
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Provided is a process for preparing gemcitabine or a salt thereof, which preferably includes removing at least a substantial portion of the α anomer of a N-1-protected-2'-deoxy-2',2'-difluoro-cytidine-3',5'-diester from an anomeric mixture thereof; removi
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Page/Page column 23
(2010/11/26)
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- SUBSTITUTED IMIDAZOLE 4-CARBOXAMIDES AS CHOLECYSTOKININ-1 RECEPTOR MODULATORS
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Certain novel substituted imidazole 4-carboxamides are ligands of the human cholecystokinin receptor and, in particular, are selective ligands of the human cholecystokinin-1 receptor (CCK-1R). They are therefore useful for the treatment, control, or prevention of diseases and disorders responsive to the modulation of CCK-1R, such as obesity, and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 81
(2008/06/13)
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- OXAZOLO-NAPHTHYL ACIDS AS PLAMINOGEN ACTIVATOR INHIBTOR TYPE-1 (PAI-1) MODULATORS USEFUL IN THE TREATMENT OF THROMBOSIS AND CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
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The present invention relates to oxazolo-naphthyl acids of the formula (I) and methods of using them to modulate PAI-1 expression and to treat PAI-1 related disorders.
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Page/Page column 48-49
(2010/10/20)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4-hydroxypyrone derivatives as HIV-1 protease inhibitors
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Twenty-four 4-hydroxypyrone derivatives were synthesized with a facile synthetic method to develop novel HIV protease inhibitors. Most of them were shown to display good antiviral activities in SIV-infected CEM cells. The introduction of α-naphthylmethyl group to C-6 of 5,6-dihydropyran-2-ones led to an effective antiviral compound that showed an EC50 value at 1.7 μM with a therapeutic index of 46.
- Sun, Chun-Lai,Pang, Rui-Fang,Zhang, Hang,Yang, Ming
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p. 3257 - 3262
(2007/10/03)
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- Novel 3-aryl-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone derivatives, their preparation method and pharmaceutical compositions containing same
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Compound of formula (I): wherein: R1 and R2, which may be identical or different, each represents hydrogen, acyl or alkyl, Ar represents aryl or heteroaryl, A represents a group selected from: R4 represents hydrogen or alk
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Design, synthesis, and structure - Activity relationships of alkylcarbamic acid aryl esters, a new class of fatty acid amide hydrolase inhibitors
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Fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH), an intracellular serine hydrolase enzyme, participates in the deactivation of fatty acid ethanolamides such as the endogenous cannabinoid anandamide, the intestinal satiety factor oleoylethanolamide, and the peripheral analgesic and anti-inflammatory factor palmitoylethanolamide. In the present study, we report on the design, synthesis, and structure-activity relationships (SAR) of a novel class of potent, selective, and systemically active inhibitors of FAAH activity, which we have recently shown to exert potent anxiolytic-like effects in rats. These compounds are characterized by a carbamic template substituted with alkyl or aryl groups at their O- and N-termini. Most compounds inhibit FAAH, but not several other serine hydrolases, with potencies that depend on the size and shape of the substituents. Initial SAR investigations suggested that the requirements for optimal potency are a lipophilic N-alkyl substituent (such as n-butyl or cyclohexyl) and a bent O-aryl substituent. Furthermore, the carbamic group is essential for activity. A 3D-QSAR analysis on the alkylcarbamic acid aryl esters showed that the size and shape of the O-aryl moiety are correlated with FAAH inhibitory potency. A CoMSIA model was constructed, indicating that whereas the steric occupation of an area corresponding to the meta position of an O-phenyl ring improves potency, a region of low steric tolerance on the enzyme active site exists corresponding to the para position of the same ring. The bent shape of the O-aryl moieties that best fit the enzyme surface closely resembles the folded conformations observed in the complexes of unsaturated fatty acids with different proteins. URB524 (N-cyclohexylcarbamic acid biphenyl-3-yl ester, 9g) is the most potent compound of the series (IC50 = 63 nM) and was therefore selected for further optimization.
- Tarzia, Giorgio,Duranti, Andrea,Tontini, Andrea,Piersanti, Giovanni,Mor, Marco,Rivara, Silvia,Plazzi, Pier Vincenzo,Park, Chris,Kathuria, Satish,Piomelli, Daniele
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p. 2352 - 2360
(2007/10/03)
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- D2 Dopaminergic and 5-HT1A Serotonergic Activity of 2-(1-Naphthyl)ethyl- and 2-(2-Naphthyl)ethyl Amines
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Several tertiary 2-phenylethyl, 2-(1-naphthyl)ethyl and 2-(2-naphthyl) ethyl amines were synthesized and their binding affinities for dopamine D 1, D2 and serotonin 5-HT1A receptors evaluated in radioligand binding assays.
- ?ukalovi?,Rogli?,Husinec,Kosti?-Raja?i?,Andri?,?o?ki?, Vuki?
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p. 514 - 522
(2007/10/03)
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- Antiangiogenic and antitumor agents: Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel 2-amino-4-(3-bromoanilino)-6-benzylsubstituted pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as inhibitors of receptor tyrosine kinases
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Several different classes of growth factor receptors containing tyrosine kinases (RTK) are directly or indirectly involved in angiogenesis. Inhibition of these RTKs has provided a new paradigm in the treatment of tumors by restricting their growth and metastasis. We have designed, synthesized and evaluated eleven novel 2-amino-4-(3-bromoanilino)-6-substituted benzyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines as the first in a series of RTK inhibitors. These analogues were synthesized from appropriate α-bromomethylbenzyl ketones by cyclocondensation with 2,6-diamino-4-pyrimidone to afford the 2-amino-4-oxo-6-substituted benzyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines. Chlorination of the 4-position followed by displacement with 3-bromoaniline afforded the target compounds. In some instances, the 2-amino moiety of the pyrrolo[2,3-d] pyrimidines was protected prior to the chlorination and displacement followed by deprotection. The compounds were evaluated as inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptors VEGFR-2 (Flk-1, KDR) and VEGFR-1 (Flt-1); epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR); and platelet-derived growth factor receptor-β (PDGFR-β). Selected compounds were also evaluated against the growth of A431 cells (which overexpress EGFR) in culture and as inhibitors of angiogenesis in the chicken embryo chorioallantonic membrane (CAM) assay. In each evaluation, a known standard compound was used as a comparison. Of the 11 analogues, five were more potent or equipotent as compared to standard compounds against the growth factor receptors. Two analogues showed superior inhibition of A431 cells in culture compared to the standard compounds. Three analogues were equipotent with the standard compound in the CAM assay and four of the analogues were dual inhibitors of RTKs. The structure-activity relationship for inhibition of different RTKs was quite distinct and different, and for VEGFR-2 and EGFR diametrically opposite. The inhibitory data against the RTKs in this study demonstrates that variation of the substituent(s) in the benzyl ring of these 2-amino-4-anilino 6-benzyl pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines does indeed control both the potency and specificity of inhibitory activity against RTKs.
- Gangjee, Aleem,Yang, Jie,Ihnat, Michael A.,Kamat, Shekhar
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p. 5155 - 5170
(2007/10/03)
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- 3-(Arylacetylamino)-N-methylbenzamides: A novel class of selective anti-Helicobacter pylori agents
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After chemical modification preceded by the random screening of our chemical library, a novel class of selective anti-Helicobacter pylori agents was generated. Consequently, the 3-(arylacetylamino)-N-methylbenzamides, which were quite easy to prepare, showed potent inhibitory activity against Helicobacter pylori but exhibited no inhibitory activity against other sorts of bacteria and fungi, e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacteroides fragilis, and Candida albicans. These compounds showed potent anti-H. pylori activity under acidic conditions, whereas amoxicillin and clarithromycin decreased activity. The 3-(3-arylpropionylamino)-N-methylbenzamides, 3-(aryloxyacetylamino)-N-methylbenzamides, and (3-methylcarbamoylphenyl)carbamic acid 1-arylmethyl esters also exhibited potent anti-H. pylori activity. Finally, we selected 7n (BAS-118) as a candidate compound for further evaluation.
- Ando,Kawamura,Chiba
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p. 4468 - 4474
(2007/10/03)
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- Discovery of a series of nonpeptide small molecules that inhibit the binding of insulin-like growth factor (IGF) to IGF-binding proteins
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Insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and II) play an important role in metabolic and mitogenic activities through stimulation of the IGF-I receptor on the cell surface. Although the concentration of IGF in blood and cerebrospinal fluid is quite high (>100 nM) this large pool of IGF is biologically inactive because of its association with six distinct binding proteins which form high-affinity complexes with IGF. Thus, inhibitors of IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs), especially IGFBP-3, could potentially alter the distribution between the "free" and "bound" forms of IGF and thereby elevate biologically active IGF-I to exert a beneficial effect on those patients with diseases that respond to the application of exogenous IGF-I. Whereas IGF-I peptide variants which bind to IGFBPs but not the IGF-I receptor have been shown to be potent IGF/IGFBP inhibitors small molecule nonpeptide IGF/IGFBP inhibitors have the potential advantages of oral bioavailability and flexible dosing regimen. Here we report the discovery of several isoquinoline analogues, exemplified by 1 and 2, which bind IGFBP-3 as well as other IGFBPs at low nanomolar concentrations. More importantly, both compounds were shown to be able to release biologically active IGF-I from the IGF-I/IGFBP-3 complex. These results point to the feasibility of developing orally active therapeutics to treat IGF-responsive diseases by optimization of the lead molecules 1 and 2.
- Chen,Zhu,Liu,Lu,Xie,Ling
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p. 4001 - 4010
(2007/10/03)
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