- Bio-inspired enantioselective full transamination using readily available cyclodextrin
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The mimics of vitamin B6-dependent enzymes that catalyzed an enantioselective full transamination in the pure aqueous phase have been realized for the first time through the establishment of a new “pyridoxal 5′-phosphate (PLP) catalyzed non-covalent cyclodextrin (CD)-keto acid inclusion complexes” system, and various optically active amino acids have been obtained.
- Zhang, Shiqi,Li, Guangxun,Liu, Hongxin,Wang, Yingwei,Cao, Yuan,Zhao, Gang,Tang, Zhuo
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p. 4203 - 4208
(2017/02/05)
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- β-Lactone formation during product release from a nonribosomal peptide synthetase
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Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are multidomain modular biosynthetic assembly lines that polymerize amino acids into a myriad of biologically active nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). NRPS thioesterase (TE) domains employ diverse release strategies for off-loading thioester-tethered polymeric peptides from termination modules typically via hydrolysis, aminolysis, or cyclization to provide mature antibiotics as carboxylic acids/esters, amides, and lactams/lactones, respectively. Here we report the enzyme-catalyzed formation of a highly strained β-lactone ring during TE-mediated cyclization of a β-hydroxythioester to release the antibiotic obafluorin (Obi) from an NRPS assembly line. The Obi NRPS (ObiF) contains a type I TE domain with a rare catalytic cysteine residue that plays a direct role in β-lactone ring formation. We present a detailed genetic and biochemical characterization of the entire Obi biosynthetic gene cluster in plant-associated Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 39502 that establishes a general strategy for β-lactone biogenesis.
- Schaffer, Jason E,Reck, Margaret R,Prasad, Neha K,Wencewicz, Timothy A
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p. 737 - 744
(2017/06/27)
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- Deracemization and Stereoinversion of α-Amino Acids by l-Amino Acid Deaminase
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Enantiomerically pure α-amino acids are compounds of primary interest for the fine chemical, pharmaceutical, and agrochemical sectors. Amino acid oxidases are used for resolving d,l-amino acids in biocatalysis. We recently demonstrated that l-amino acid deaminase from Proteus myxofaciens (PmaLAAD) shows peculiar features for biotechnological applications, such as a high production level as soluble protein in Escherichia coli and a stable binding with the flavin cofactor. Since l-amino acid deaminases are membrane-bound enzymes, previous applications were mainly based on the use of cell-based methods. Now, taking advantage of the broad substrate specificity of PmaLAAD, a number of natural and synthetic l-amino acids were fully converted by the purified enzyme into the corresponding α-keto acids: the fastest conversion was obtained for 4-nitrophenylalanine. Analogously, starting from racemic solutions, the full resolution (ee >99%) was also achieved. Notably, d,l-1-naphthylalanine was resolved either into the d- or the l-enantiomer by using PmaLAAD or the d-amino acid oxidase variant having a glycine at position 213, respectively, and was fully deracemized when the two enzymes were used jointly. Moreover, the complete stereoinversion of l-4-nitrophenylalanine was achieved using PmaLAAD and a small molar excess of borane tert-butylamine complex. Taken together, recombinant PmaLAAD represents an l-specific amino acid deaminase suitable for producing the pure enantiomers of several natural and synthetic amino acids or the corresponding keto acids, compounds of biotechnological or pharmaceutical relevance. (Figure presented.).
- Rosini, Elena,Melis, Roberta,Molla, Gianluca,Tessaro, Davide,Pollegioni, Loredano
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p. 3773 - 3781
(2017/11/13)
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- Synthesis of D- and L-Phenylalanine Derivatives by Phenylalanine Ammonia Lyases: A Multienzymatic Cascade Process
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The synthesis of substituted D-phenylalanines in high yield and excellent optical purity, starting from inexpensive cinnamic acids, has been achieved with a novel one-pot approach by coupling phenylalanine ammonia lyase (PAL) amination with a chemoenzymatic deracemization (based on stereoselective oxidation and nonselective reduction). A simple high-throughput solid-phase screening method has also been developed to identify PALs with higher rates of formation of non-natural D-phenylalanines. The best variants were exploited in the chemoenzymatic cascade, thus increasing the yield and ee value of the D-configured product. Furthermore, the system was extended to the preparation of those L-phenylalanines which are obtained with a low ee value using PAL amination.
- Parmeggiani, Fabio,Lovelock, Sarah L.,Weise, Nicholas J.,Ahmed, Syed T.,Turner, Nicholas J.
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p. 4608 - 4611
(2015/04/14)
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- Reactions of Trialkylsilyl Trifluoromethanesulfonates XI. - Synthesis of α-Oxocarboxylic Acid Derivatives from 2-O-Functionalized Trimethylsilyl Ketene Acetals
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The cyclic ketene acetals 3, 5 are prepared from the dioxolanone 2 resp. the oxazolidinediones 4 by silylation with trimethylsilyl triflate (1)/triethylamine.In an aldol addition/Peterson olefination reaction catalysed by 1 the ketene acetals 3, 5 yield the (E/Z)-benzylidene derivatives 7, 12, 13 in reaction with aromatic aldehydes 6.In a side reaction the α-(trimethylsilyl)benzylidene derivatives 8 are formed from 3 and 6.Compounds 7 can be hydrolysed to yield α-ketocarboxylic acids 14.The latter are also obtained via β-elimination of trimethylsilanol from 2,3-bis(trimethylsiloxy)carboxylic acid anhydride/DMAP/pyridine. Key Words: 1,3-Dioxolanes / 1,3-Oxazolidines / α-Oxocarboxylic acids
- Simchen, Gerhard,Siegl, Gerald
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p. 607 - 614
(2007/10/02)
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- Bifunctional chelating agents
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The present invention provides bifunctional chelating agents comprising a unique substrate reactive moiety incorporated into a carboxymethyl arm of a polyaminopolycarboxylate chelating framework capable of forming stable complexes with metal ions.
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- Synthesis of novel bifunctional chelators and their use in preparing monoclonal antibody conjugates for tumor targeting
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Bifunctional derivatives of the chelating agents ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, in which a p-isothiocyanatobenzyl moiety is attached at the methylene carbon atom of one carboxymethyl arm, was synthesized by reducti
- Westerberg,Carney,Rogers,Kline,Johnson
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p. 236 - 243
(2007/10/02)
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