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The smart 2-(2-fluorobenzoyl)-n-(2-methoxyphenyl)hydrazinecarbothioamide functionalized as Ni(II) sensor in micromolar concentration level and its application in live cell imaging
In recent years, fluorescent probes for the detection of environmentally and biologically important metal cations have received extensive attention for designing and development of fluorescent chemosensors. Herein, we report the photophysical results of 2
Saleem, Muhammad,Ali, Anser,Choi, Chang-Shik,Park, Bong Joo,Choi, Eun Ha,Lee, Ki Hwan
p. 995 - 1001
(2014)
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Pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepin-5(6H)-one derivatives as CDK8 inhibitors
CDK8 is a cyclin-dependent kinase that forms part of the mediator complex, and modulates the transcriptional output from distinct transcription factors involved in oncogenic control. Overexpression of CDK8 has been observed in various cancers, representing a potential target for developing novel CDK8 inhibitors in cancer therapeutics. In the course of our investigations to discover new CDK8 inhibitors, we designed and synthesized tricyclic pyrido[2,3-b][1,5]benzoxazepin-5(6H)-one derivatives, by introduction of chemical complexity in the multi-kinase inhibitor Sorafenib taking into account the flexibility of the P-loop motif of CDK8 protein observed after analysis of structural information of co-crystallized CDK8 inhibitors. In vitro evaluation of the inhibitory activity of the prepared compounds against CDK8 led us to identify compound 2 as the most potent inhibitor of the series (IC50 = 8.25 nM). Co-crystal studies and the remarkable selectivity profile of compound 2 are presented. Compound 2 showed moderate reduction of phosphorylation of CDK8 substrate STAT1 in cells, in line with other reported Type II CDK8 inhibitors. We propose herein an alternative to find a potential therapeutic use for this chemical series.
Blanco-Aparicio, Carmen,Albarrán, M. Isabel,Amezquita-Alves, Adrián,Cebriá, Antonio,García, Ana Belén,García-Campos, Francisco Javier,Martínez-Gago, Jaime,Martínez-González, Sonia,Martínez-Torrecuadrada, Jorge,Mu?oz, Inés,Pastor, Joaquín
supporting information

(2020/07/03)

Imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine derivative and application thereof
The invention relates to a novel imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine derivative represented by a general formula I, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs of the novel imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine derivative, wherein the substituent R and R' are defined as in the specification. The invention also relates to an effect of the compound represented by the general formula I in inhibiting an NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NS5B polymerase for short) which is necessary in a replication process of hepatitis c virus, also relates to an application of the compound, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates or prodrugs of the compound in preparation of medicines for treating viral diseases, and especially relates to an application in preparation of medicines for treating and/or preventinghepatitis c.
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Paragraph 0091; 0092; 0095; 0096

(2019/10/01)

Design and synthesis of arylamidine derivatives as serotonin/norepinephrine dual reuptake inhibitors
To improve the in vivo antidepressant activity of previously reported serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) dual reuptake inhibitors, three series of arylamidine derivatives were designed and synthesized. The in vitro 5-HT and NE reuptake inhibitory activities of these compounds were evaluated, and compound II-5 was identified as the most potent 5-HT (IC50 = 620 nM) and NE (IC50 = 10 nM) dual reuptake inhibitor. Compound II-5 exhibited potent antidepressant activity in the rat tail suspension test and showed an acceptable safety profile in a preliminary acute toxicity test in mice. Our results show that these arylamidine derivatives exhibit potent 5-HT/NE dual reuptake inhibition and should be explored further as antidepressant drug candidates.
Wen, Hui,Qin, Wen,Yang, Guangzhong,Guo, Yanshen
(2019/02/03)

Optimization of a 1,3,4-oxadiazole series for inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated activity of adenylyl cyclases 1 and 8 for the treatment of chronic pain
Adenylyl cyclases type 1 (AC1) and 8 (AC8) are group 1 transmembrane adenylyl cyclases (AC) that are stimulated by Ca2+/calmodulin. Studies have shown that mice depleted of AC1 have attenuated inflammatory pain response, while AC1/AC8 double-knockout mice display both attenuated pain response and opioid dependence. Thus, AC1 has emerged as a promising new target for treating chronic pain and opioid abuse. We discovered that the 1,3,4-oxadiazole scaffold inhibits Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated cyclic adenosine 3‘,5‘-monophosphate (cAMP) production in cells stably expressing either AC1 or AC8. We then carried out structure-activity relationship studies, in which we designed and synthesized 65 analogs, to modulate potency and selectivity versus each AC isoform in cells. Furthermore, molecular docking of the analogs into an AC1 homology model suggests the molecules may bind at the ATP binding site. Finally, a prioritized analog was tested in a mouse model of inflammatory pain and exhibited modest analgesic properties. In summary, our data indicate the 1,3,4-oxadiazoles represent a novel scaffold for the cellular inhibition of Ca2+/calmodulin-stimulated AC1- and AC8 cAMP and warrant further exploration as potential lead compounds for the treatment of chronic inflammatory pain.
Kaur, Jatinder,Soto-Velasquez, Monica,Ding, Zhong,Ghanbarpour, Ahmadreza,Lill, Markus A.,van Rijn, Richard M.,Watts, Val J.,Flaherty, Daniel P.
p. 568 - 585
(2018/11/26)

CoIII-Catalyzed Isonitrile Insertion/Acyl Group Migration Between C?H and N?H bonds of Arylamides
A general efficient and site-selective cobalt-catalyzed insertion of isonitrile into C?H and N?H bonds of arylamides through C?H bond activation and alcohol assisted intramolecular trans-amidation is demonstrated. This straightforward approach overcomes the limitation by the presence of strongly chelating groups. Isolation of CoIII-isonitrile complex B has been achieved for the first time to understand the reaction mechanism.
Kalsi, Deepti,Barsu, Nagaraju,Sundararaju, Basker
supporting information
p. 2360 - 2364
(2018/02/22)

Novel quinazoline derivatives bearing various 6-benzamide moieties as highly selective and potent EGFR inhibitors
A series of novel quinazoline derivatives bearing various C-6 benzamide substituents were synthesized and evaluated as EGFR inhibitors, and most showed significant inhibitory potency against EGFR kinase. In particular, compound 6g possessed potent inhibitory activity against EGFR wild-type (IC50 = 5 nM), and strong antiproliferative activity against HCC827 and Ba/F3 (L858R) cell lines. Kinase profiling against a panel of 365 kinases showed that 6g was highly selective for EGFR. Furthermore, 6g showed desirable properties in assays of liver microsome metabolic stability and cytochromes P450 inhibition and preliminary pharmacokinetic study. The overall attractive profile of 6g made it an interesting compound for further development.
Hou, Weijie,Ren, Yan,Zhang, Zhenhua,Sun, Huan,Ma, Yongfen,Yan, Bo
p. 1740 - 1750
(2018/03/12)

Synthesis and enzyme inhibitory kinetics of some novel 3-(substituted benzoyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-one derivatives as α-glucosidase/α-amylase inhibitors
The present work describes an efficient and convenient synthesis of a library of novel 3-(substituted benzoyl)-2-thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones (3a–j). The benzoyl isothiocyanates were treated with glycine in the presence of pyridine, the reactants got consumed giving a variety of thioxoimidazolidin-4-ones derivatives under mild reaction conditions. The structures of the compounds were determined by elemental analysis, FTIR, 1H, 13C NMR and mass spectral data. The title compounds were tested for their potential to inhibit the activity of enzymes α-glucosidase and α-amylase. It was found that most of the derivatives showed good enzyme inhibitory activity while compound 3j exhibited excellent activity with IC50 values 0.051 and 0.0082 mM for α-glucosidase and α-amylase, respectively. The presence of 3,5-di-NO2 functional groups at aromatic ring in compound 3j play important role in enzyme inhibitory activity. The enzyme inhibitory kinetic analysis of the most potent derivative 3j revealed that it is a mixed type inhibitor of α-glucosidase with Ki and Ki? values 0.0339 and 0.1562 mM, respectively. It was further investigated that compound 3j formed reversible enzyme inhibitor complex with α-glucosidase. The cytotoxicity of all the synthesized compounds was also evaluated and results showed that none of these compounds displayed toxicity against brine shrimps. Based upon results, it is suggested that compound 3j may act as a lead structure for the development of most potent α-glucosidase inhibitors.
Qamar, Rabia,Saeed, Aamer,Saeed, Maria,Shah, Babar Hussain,Ashraf, Zaman,Abbas, Qamar,Seo, Sung Yum
p. 1528 - 1537
(2018/04/02)

Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships study and X-ray crystallography of 3-substituted-indolin-2-one-5-carboxamide derivatives as PAK4 inhibitors
We have previously described the identification of indolin-2-one-5-carboxamides as potent PAK4 inhibitors. This study expands the structure-activity relationships on our original series by presenting several modifications in the lead compounds, 2 and 3. A series of novel derivatives was designed, synthesized, and evaluated in biochemical and cellular assay. Most of this series displayed nanomolar biochemical activity and potent antiproliferative activity against A549 and HCT116 cells. The representative compound 10a exhibited excellent enzyme inhibition (PAK4 IC50 = 25 nM) and cellular potency (A549 IC50 = 0.58 μM, HCT116 IC50 = 0.095 μM). An X-ray structure of compound 10a bound to PAK4 was obtained. Crystallographic analysis confirmed predictions from molecular modeling and helped refine SAR results. In addition, Compound 10a displayed focused multi-targeted kinase inhibition, good calculated drug-likeness properties. Further profiling of compound 10a revealed it showed weak inhibitory activity against various isoforms of human cytochrome P450.
Guo, Jing,Zhao, Fan,Yin, Wenbo,Zhu, Mingyue,Hao, Chenzhou,Pang, Yu,Wu, Tianxiao,Wang, Jian,Zhao, Dongmei,Li, Haitao,Cheng, Maosheng
p. 197 - 209
(2018/06/12)

Nickel(ii)-catalyzed tandem C(sp2)-H bond activation and annulation of arenes with gem-dibromoalkenes
A nickel(ii)/silver(i)-catalyzed tandem C(sp2)-H activation and intramolecular annulation of arenes with dibromoalkenes has been successfully achieved, which offers an efficient approach to the 3-methyleneisoindolin-1-one scaffold. Attractive features of this system include its low cost, ease of operation, and its ability to access a wide range of isoindolinones.
Shi, Yun,Li, Meng-Sheng,Zhang, Fangdong,Chen, Baohua
p. 28668 - 28675
(2018/08/29)

Design and Synthesis of Natural Product Inspired Libraries Based on the Three-Dimensional (3D) Cedrane Scaffold: Toward the Exploration of 3D Biological Space
A chemoinformatic method was developed to extract nonflat scaffolds embedded in natural products within the Dictionary of Natural Products (DNP). The cedrane scaffold was then chosen as an example of a nonflat scaffold that directs substituents in three-dimensional (3D) space. A cedrane scaffold that has three orthogonal handles to allow generation of 1D, 2D, and 3D libraries was synthesized on a large scale. These libraries would cover more than 50% of the natural diversity of natural products with an embedded cedrane scaffold. Synthesis of three focused natural product-like libraries based on the 3D cedrane scaffold was achieved. A phenotypic assay was used to test the biological profile of synthesized compounds against normal and Parkinson's patient-derived cells. The cytological profiles of the synthesized analogues based on the cedrane scaffold revealed that this 3D scaffold, prevalidated by nature, can interact with biological systems as it displayed various effects against normal and Parkinson's patient-derived cell lines.
Tajabadi, Fatemeh Mazraati,Pouwer, Rebecca H.,Liu, Miaomiao,Dashti, Yousef,Campitelli, Marc R.,Murtaza, Mariyam,Mellick, George D.,Wood, Stephen A.,Jenkins, Ian D.,Quinn, Ronald J.
p. 6609 - 6628
(2018/07/25)

Structure-activity relationship study and discovery of indazole 3-carboxamides as calcium-release activated calcium channel blockers
Aberrant activation of mast cells contributes to the development of numerous diseases including cancer, autoimmune disorders, as well as diabetes and its complications. The influx of extracellular calcium via the highly calcium selective calcium-release activated calcium (CRAC) channel controls mast cell functions. Intracellular calcium homeostasis in mast cells can be maintained via the modulation of the CRAC channel, representing a critical point for therapeutic interventions. We describe the structure-activity relationship study (SAR) of indazole-3-carboxamides as potent CRAC channel blockers and their ability to stabilize mast cells. Our SAR results show that the unique regiochemistry of the amide linker is critical for the inhibition of calcium influx, the release of the pro-inflammatory mediators β-hexosaminidase and tumor necrosis factor α by activated mast cells. Thus, the indazole-3-carboxamide 12d actively inhibits calcium influx and stabilizes mast cells with sub-μM IC50. In contrast, its reverse amide isomer 9c is inactive in the calcium influx assay even at 100?μM concentration. This requirement of the specific 3-carboxamide regiochemistry in indazoles is unprecedented in known CRAC channel blockers. The new structural scaffolds described in this report expand the structural diversity of the CRAC channel blockers and may lead to the discovery of novel immune modulators for the treatment of human diseases.
Bai, Sha,Nagai, Masazumi,Koerner, Steffi K.,Veves, Aristidis,Sun, Lijun
p. 393 - 397
(2017/01/17)

Ortho lithiation-in situ borylation of substituted morpholine benzamides
Morpholine amides are cheap and safe alternative to Weinreb amides as acylating agents of organometallic species. Herein, the in-situ lithiation/borylation of 18 ortho- meta- and para-substituted morpholine benzamides has been investigated. 10 of the 18 substrates provided the desired boronic esters as the major isomer (>90% regioselectivity) in crude isolated yields ranging from 68 to 93%. The synthetic usability of such building blocks was subsequently illustrated via the synthesis of a kinase inhibitor.
Cederbalk, Anna,Lysén, Morten,Kehler, Jan,Kristensen, Jesper L.
p. 1576 - 1582
(2017/03/08)

The Conversion of tert-Butyl Esters to Acid Chlorides Using Thionyl Chloride
The reaction of tert-butyl esters with SOCl2 at room temperature provides acid chlorides in unpurified yields of 89% or greater. Benzyl, methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl esters are essentially unreactive under these conditions, allowing for the selective conversion of tert-butyl esters to acid chlorides in the presence of other esters.
Greenberg, Jacob A.,Sammakia, Tarek
p. 3245 - 3251
(2017/03/23)

Iron-Catalyzed C?H Alkynylation through Triazole Assistance: Expedient Access to Bioactive Heterocycles
Triazole assistance enabled the first iron-catalyzed C?H alkynylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes. The modular TAM directing group set the stage for a sequential C?H alkynylation/annulation strategy with ample scope, enabling the iron-catalyzed assembly of isoquinolones, pyridones, pyrrolones, and isoindolinones with high levels of chemo-, site-, and regioselectivity.
Cera, Gianpiero,Haven, Tobias,Ackermann, Lutz
supporting information
p. 3577 - 3582
(2017/03/20)

PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION OF IVACAFTOR
The present invention provides processes for the preparation of ivacaftor using novel intermediates and a process for its preparation.
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(2017/03/21)

Facile synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel substituted azole derivatives
In this study, we synthesized the series of novel azole derivatives and evaluated for enzyme inhibition assays, corresponding kinetic analysis and molecular modeling. Among the investigated bioassays, the oxadiazole derivatives 4a-k were found potent α-glucosidase inhibitors while the Schiff base derivatives 7a-k exhibited considerable potential toward urease inhibition. The inhibition kinetics for the most active compounds were analyzed by the Lineweaver–Burk plots to investigate the possible binding modes of the synthesized compounds toward the tested proteins. Moreover, the detailed docking studies were performed on the synthesized library of 4a-k and 7a-k to study the molecular interaction and binding mode in the active site of the modeled yeast α-glucosidase and Jack Bean Urease, respectively. It could be inferred from docking results that theoretical studies are in close agreement to that of the experimental results. The structure of one of the compound 7k was characterized by the single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis in order to find out the predominant conformation of the molecules.
Rafiq, Muhammad,Saleem, Muhammad,Jabeen, Farukh,Hanif, Muhammad,Seo, Sung-Yum,Kang, Sung Kwon,Lee, Ki Hwan
p. 177 - 191
(2017/03/15)

Cp?CoIII-Catalyzed syn-Selective C-H Hydroarylation of Alkynes Using Benzamides: An Approach Toward Highly Conjugated Organic Frameworks
Hydroarylation of internal alkynes by cost-effective CoIII-catalysis, directed by N-tert-butyl amides, is achieved to avail mono- or dihydroarylated amide products selectively in an atom and step economic way. Several important functional groups were tolerated under the reaction conditions, and syn-hydroarylation products were exclusively isolated. Notably, a 4-fold C-H hydroarylation provided a highly conjugated organic framework in one step. Kinetic study with extensive deuterium labeling experiments were performed to support the proposed mechanism.
Bera, Sourav Sekhar,Debbarma, Suvankar,Ghosh, Avick Kumar,Chand, Santanu,Maji, Modhu Sudan
p. 420 - 430
(2017/04/26)

Mapping the structural boundaries of quasiracemate fractional crystallization using 2-substituted diarylamides
Video-assisted hot stage polarized light microscopy of 55 quasienantiomeric pairs, constructed from 22 chiral diarylamides that systematically differ in topology, reveals the structural boundaries of molecular shape to supramolecular assembly.
Tinsley, Ian C.,Spaniol, Jacqueline M.,Wheeler, Kraig A.
supporting information
p. 4601 - 4604
(2017/04/28)

Palladium-Catalyzed C-H Trifluoroethoxylation of N-Sulfonylbenzamides
The trifluoroethyl aryl ethers are important motifs in drug molecules. However, a report devoted specifically to the study of transition-metal-catalyzed C-H trifluoroethoxylation has not been reported to date. A protocol of Pd(II)-catalyzed o-C-H trifluor
Yang, Long,Li, Shangda,Cai, Lei,Ding, Yongzheng,Fu, Lei,Cai, Zhihua,Ji, Huafang,Li, Gang
supporting information
p. 2746 - 2749
(2017/05/24)

Synthesis and nematicidal activities of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing thiourea and acylthiourea against Meloidogyne incognita
Two series of novel 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing thiourea and acylthiourea were designed and synthesized. The bioassay results showed that most of the test compounds showed good nematicidal activity against M. incognita at the concentration of 10.0?mg?L?1 in vivo. The compounds A13, A17 and B3 showed excellent nematicidal activity on the second stage juveniles of the root-knot nematode with the inhibition rate of 51.3%, 58.3% and 51.3% at the concentration of 1.0?mg?L?1 respectively. It suggested that the structure of 1,2,3-benzotriazin-4-one derivatives containing thiourea and acylthiourea could be optimized further.
Chang, Yaning,Zhang, Jingwei,Chen, Xiulei,Li, Zhong,Xu, Xiaoyong
supporting information
p. 2641 - 2644
(2017/05/10)

Copper-Mediated sp 2 C-H Chlorination with Trichloroacetamide Using a Removable Directing Group
2-Aminophenyl-1 H -pyrazole was discovered as a removable, bidentate directing group for copper-mediated aerobic oxidative sp 2 C-H bond chlorination employing trichloroacetamide as a new chlorine source. When Cu(OAc) 2 was employed as the copper source, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) as an organic base, the reaction, optimally carried out overnight in DMSO at 80 °C in open air, produced a variety of mono- and dichlorinated products in moderate to excellent yields. This directing group can be removed oxidatively with cerium ammonium nitrate (CAN).
Lee, Wan-Chen Cindy,Tehrani, Arya,Li, Jie Jack
supporting information
p. 2865 - 2872
(2017/06/27)

Discovery and Optimization of Chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-ones as Novel Selective and Orally Bioavailable Phosphodiesterase 5 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension
Phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5) inhibitors have been used as clinical agents to treat erectile dysfunction and pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH). Herein, we detail the discovery of a novel series of chromeno[2,3-c]pyrrol-9(2H)-one derivatives as selective and orally bioavailable inhibitors against phosphodiesterase 5. Medicinal chemistry optimization resulted in 2, which exhibits a desirable inhibitory potency of 5.6 nM with remarkable selectivity as well as excellent pharmacokinetic properties and an oral bioavailability of 63.4%. In addition, oral administration of 2 at a dose of 5.0 mg/kg caused better pharmacodynamics effects on both mPAP (mean pulmonary artery pressure) and RVHI (index of right ventricle hypertrophy) than sildenafil citrate at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg. These activities along with its reasonable druglike properties, such as human liver microsomal stability, cytochrome inhibition, hERG inhibition, and pharmacological safety, indicate that 2 is a potential candidate for the treatment of PAH.
Wu, Deyan,Zhang, Tianhua,Chen, Yiping,Huang, Yadan,Geng, Haiju,Yu, Yanfa,Zhang, Chen,Lai, Zengwei,Wu, Yinuo,Guo, Xiaolei,Chen, Jianwen,Luo, Hai-Bin
p. 6622 - 6637
(2017/08/17)

C-H and N-H Bond Annulation of Benzamides with Isonitriles Catalyzed by Cobalt(III)
A simple efficient, atom-economical procedure was developed for the cobalt-catalyzed C-H bond annulation of benzamides with isonitriles under mild conditions. The reaction tolerates a variety of functional group including heterocycles. Diverse 3-(alkylimino)-2-quinolin-8-yl-2,3-dihydro-1 H -isoindol-1-ones were synthesized using isonitriles as the C1 source through C-H and N-H bond annulation via C-H bond activation in a 'green' solvent. Vinylamides were also used similarly with tert -butyl isonitrile to give 3-(tert -butylimino)-1-quinolin-8-yl-1 H -pyrrol-2(5 H)-ones.
Kalsi, Deepti,Barsu, Nagaraju,Dahiya, Pardeep,Sundararaju, Basker
supporting information
p. 3937 - 3944
(2017/08/29)

A General Cp*CoIII-Catalyzed Intramolecular C?H Activation Approach for the Efficient Total Syntheses of Aromathecin, Protoberberine, and Tylophora Alkaloids
Herein, we report a Cp*CoIII-catalyzed C?H activation approach as the key step to create highly valuable isoquinolones and pyridones as building blocks that can readily be applied in the total syntheses of a variety of aromathecin, protoberberine, and tylophora alkaloids. This particular C?H activation/annulation reaction was achieved with several terminal as well as internal alkyne coupling partners delivering a broad scope with excellent functional group tolerance. The synthetic applicability of this protocol reported herein was demonstrated in the total syntheses of two Topo-I-Inhibitors and two 8-oxyprotoberberine cores that can be further elaborated into the tetrahydroprotoberberine and the protoberberine alkaloid core. Moreover these building blocks were also transformed to six different tylophora alkaloids in expedient fashion.
Lerchen, Andreas,Knecht, Tobias,Koy, Maximilian,Daniliuc, Constantin G.,Glorius, Frank
supporting information
p. 12149 - 12152
(2017/09/13)

Synthesis and biological activities of some fluorine- and piperazine-containing 1,2,4-triazole thione derivatives
A series of fluorine- and piperazine-containing 1,2,4-triazole thione derivatives were synthesized by the Mannich reaction of triazole intermediates with various substituted piperazines and formaldehyde in high yields. Structures of title compounds were confirmed by melting points, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and elemental analysis. The preliminary bioassays for 17 novel title compounds showed that several compounds have significant fungicidal activity against Cercospora arachidicola, Physalospora piricola and Rhizoctonia cerealis at 50 μg/mL.
Zhang, Li-Yuan,Wang, Bao-Lei,Zhan, Yi-Zhou,Zhang, Yan,Zhang, Xiao,Li, Zheng-Ming
p. 163 - 167
(2016/01/25)

Expedient Iron-Catalyzed C-H Allylation/Alkylation by Triazole Assistance with Ample Scope
Triazole assistance set the stage for a unified strategy for the iron-catalyzed C-H allylation of arenes, heteroarenes, and alkenes with ample scope. The versatile catalyst also proved competent for site-selective methylation, benzylation, and alkylation with challenging primary and secondary halides. Triazole-assisted C-H activation proceeded chemo-, site-, and diastereo-selectively, and the modular TAM directing group was readily removed in a traceless fashion under exceedingly mild reaction conditions. One for all: A unified strategy for iron-catalyzed C-H allylation and alkylation was developed by the use of a triazole directing group that could be cleaved under exceedingly mild conditions.
Cera, Gianpiero,Haven, Tobias,Ackermann, Lutz
supporting information
p. 1484 - 1488
(2016/02/12)

Design, synthesis and antibacterial activity of isatin derivatives as FtsZ inhibitors
Seven isatin derivatives have been designed, and their chemical structures were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies, 1H NMR, MS, and elemental analysis. Structural stabilization followed by intramolecular as well as intermolecular H-bonds makes these molecules as perfect examples in molecular recognition with self-complementary donor and acceptor units within a single molecule. These compounds were evaluated for antimicrobial activities. Docking simulations have been performed to position compounds into the FtsZ active site to determine their probable binding models. All of the compounds exhibited better antibacterial activities. Interestingly, compound 5c and 5d exhibited better antibacterial activities with IC50 values of 0.03 and 0.05 μmol/mL against Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Compound 5g displays antibacterial activity with IC50 values of 0.672 and 0.830 μmol/mL against Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively.
Lian, Zhi-Min,Sun, Juan,Zhu, Hai-Liang
p. 8 - 16
(2016/04/05)

Ligand-Promoted Rh(III)-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl C-H Bonds with Arylboron Reagents
Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H arylation of arenes with phenylboronic acid pinacol esters has been achieved using a readily removable N-pentafluorophenylbenzamide directing group for the first time. The use of a bidentate phosphine ligand (Binap) significantly increased the yield of the cross-coupling of C-H bonds with organoboron reagents.
Wang, Huai-Wei,Cui, Pei-Pei,Lu, Yi,Sun, Wei-Yin,Yu, Jin-Quan
p. 3416 - 3422
(2016/05/19)

Design, synthesis and fungicidal activity of N-substituted benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl-1-carboxamide
To find a new lead compound with high biological activity, a series of N-substituted benzoyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolyl-1-carboxamide were designed using linking active substructures method. The target compounds were synthesized from substituted benzoic acid by four steps and their structures were confirmed by 1H NMR, IR spectrum and elemental analysis. The in vitro bioassay results indicated that some target compounds exhibited excellent fungicidal activities, and the position of the substituents played an important role in fungicidal activities. Especially, compound 5n, exhibited better fungicidal activities than the commercial fungicide flutolanil against two tested fungi Valsa Mali and Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with EC50 values of 3.44 and 2.63 mg/L, respectively. And it also displayed good in vivo fungicidal activity against S. sclerotiorum with the EC50 value of 29.52 mg/L.
Lei, Peng,Xu, Yan,Du, Juan,Yang, Xin-Ling,Yuan, Hui-Zhu,Xu, Gao-Fei,Ling, Yun
supporting information
p. 2544 - 2546
(2016/07/07)

Synthesis, antitumor activity and mechanism of action of novel 1,3-thiazole derivatives containing hydrazide–hydrazone and carboxamide moiety
A series of novel 2,4,5-trisubstituted 1,3-thiazole derivatives containing hydrazide–hydrazine, and carboxamide moiety including 46 compounds T were synthesized, and evaluated for their antitumor activity in vitro against a panel of five human cancer cell lines. Eighteen title compounds T displayed higher inhibitory activity than that of 5-Fu against MCF-7, HepG2, BGC-823, Hela, and A549 cell lines. Especially, T1, T26 and T38 exhibit best cytotoxic activity with IC50values of 2.21?μg/mL, 1.67?μg/mL and 1.11?μg/mL, against MCF-7, BCG-823, and HepG2 cell lines, respectively. These results suggested that the combination of 1,3-thiazole, hydrazide–hydrazone, and carboxamide moiety was much favorable to cytotoxicity activity. Furthermore, the flow cytometry analysis revealed that compounds T1 and T38 could induce apoptosis in HepG2 cells, and it was confirmed T38 led the induction of cell apoptosis by S cell-cycle arrest.
He, Haifeng,Wang, Xiaoyan,Shi, Liqiao,Yin, Wenyan,Yang, Ziwen,He, Hongwu,Liang, Ying
supporting information
p. 3263 - 3270
(2016/07/12)

Rh-Catalyzed annulations of: N -methoxybenzamides with ketenimines: Synthesis of 3-aminoisoindolinones and 3-diarylmethyleneisoindolinones with strong aggregation induced emission properties
Rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation reactions of ketenimines with N-methoxybenzamides furnished 3-aminoisoindolin-1-ones and 3-(diarylmethylene)isoindolin-1-ones. The synthesized 3-(diarylmethylene)isoindolin-1-ones exhibited aggregation induced emissions in aqueous tetrahydrofuran solution and strong green-yellow emissions in solids.
Zhou, Xiaorong,Peng, Zhixing,Zhao, Hongyang,Zhang, Zhiyin,Lu, Ping,Wang, Yanguang
supporting information
p. 10676 - 10679
(2016/09/02)

Synthesis and biological activity of novel N-(3-furan-2-yl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amides derivatives
A series of novel N-(3-furan-2-yl-1-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl) amides derivatives were designed and synthesized. Their structures were confirmed by1H NMR,13C NMR and HRMS. All title compounds were evaluated for their herbicidal and antifungal activities. Preliminary bioassay results indicated that the title compounds showed good to moderate herbicidal activity at 1000?mg/L. Compound 6q presented the best activity against Digitaria sanguinalis (L) Scop., Amaranthus retroflexus L. and Arabidopsis thaliana with an inhibition degree of five. Compound 6d also showed an inhibition degree of five against D. sanguinalis. In addition, at 50?mg/L, most compounds exhibited good in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, with compound 6c showing over 90% antifungal activity against S. sclerotiorum and Pellicularia sasakii.
Huo, Jing-Qian,Ma, Liu-Yong,Zhang, Zhe,Fan, Zhi-Jin,Zhang, Jin-Lin,Beryozkina, Tetyana V,Bakulev, Vasiliy A
p. 1547 - 1550
(2016/09/23)

Dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepines and dibenzo[b,e]oxepines: Influence of the chlorine substitution pattern on the pharmacology at the H1R, H4R, 5-HT2AR and other selected GPCRs
Inspired by VUF6884 (7-Chloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine), reported as a dual H1/H4 receptor ligand (pKi: 8.11 (human H1R (hH1R)), 7.55 (human H4R (hH4R))), four known and 28 new oxazepine and related oxepine derivatives were synthesised and pharmacologically characterized at histamine receptors and selected aminergic GPCRs. In contrast to the oxazepine series, within the oxepine series, the new compounds showed high affinity to the hH1R (pKi: 6.8–8.7), but no or moderate affinity to the hH4R (pKi: ≤ 5.3). For one oxepine derivative (1-(2-Chloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine), the enantiomers were separated and the R-enantiomer was identified as the eutomer at the hH1R (pKi: 8.83 (R), 7.63 (S)) and the guinea-pig H1R (gpH1R) (pKi: 8.82 (R), 7.41 (S)). Molecular dynamic studies suggest that the tricyclic core of the compounds is bound in a similar mode into the binding pocket, as described for doxepine in the hH1R crystal structure. Moreover, docking studies of all oxepine derivatives at the hH1R indicate that the oxygen and the position of the chlorine in the tricyclic core determines, if the R- or the S-enantiomer is the eutomer. For some of the oxazepines and oxepines the affinity to other aminergic GPCRs is in the same range as to hH1R or hH4R, thus, those compounds have to be classified as dirty drugs. However, one oxazepine derivative (3,7-Dichloro-11-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)dibenzo[b,f][1,4]oxazepine was identified as dual hH1/h5-HT2A receptor ligand (pKi: 9.23 (hH1R), 8.74 (h5-HT2AR), ≤7 at other analysed GPCRs), whereas one oxepine derivative (1-(3,8-Dichloro-6,11-dihydrodibenzo[b,e]oxepin-11-yl)-4-methylpiperazine) was identified as selective hH1R antagonist (pKi: 8.44 (hH1R), ≤6.7 at other analyzed GPCRs). Thus, the pharmacological results suggest that the oxazepine/oxepine moiety and additionally the chlorine substitution pattern toggles receptor selectivity and specificity.
Naporra, Franziska,Gobleder, Susanne,Wittmann, Hans-Joachim,Spindler, Julia,Bodensteiner, Michael,Bernhardt, Günther,Hübner, Harald,Gmeiner, Peter,Elz, Sigurd,Strasser, Andrea
p. 610 - 625
(2016/10/12)

Design and synthesis of N-benzoyl amino acid derivatives as DNA methylation inhibitors
The inhibition of human DNA Methyl Transferases (DNMT) is a novel promising approach to address the epigenetic dysregulation of gene expression in different diseases. Inspired by the validated virtual screening hit NSC137546, a series of N-benzoyl amino acid analogues was synthesized and obtained compounds were assessed for their ability to inhibit DNMT-dependent DNA methylation in vitro. The biological screening allowed the definition of a set of preliminary structure–activity relationships and the identification of compounds promising for further development. Among the synthesized compounds, L-glutamic acid derivatives 22, 23, and 24 showed the highest ability to prevent DNA methylation in a total cell lysate. Compound 22 inhibited DNMT1 and DNMT3A activity in a concentration-dependent manner in the micromolar range. In addition, compound 22 proved to be stable in human serum and it was thus selected as a starting point for further biological studies.
Garella, Davide,Atlante, Sandra,Borretto, Emily,Cocco, Mattia,Giorgis, Marta,Costale, Annalisa,Stevanato, Livio,Miglio, Gianluca,Cencioni, Chiara,Fernández-de Gortari, Eli,Medina-Franco, José L.,Spallotta, Francesco,Gaetano, Carlo,Bertinaria, Massimo
p. 664 - 676
(2016/10/25)

Palladium-catalyzed electrophilic C–H fluorination of arenes using oxazoline as a removable directing group
Dimethyloxazoline was rationally designed to act as a removable ortho-directing group (DG) for the palladium-catalyzed C–H electrophilic fluorination of arenes. Using NFSI as the fluorinating agent, and Pd(II), Ag(I) catalytic system, electrophilic C(sp2–H) ortho-fluorination took place on a variety of aryl substrates to afford the corresponding mono- and di-fluorinated products.
Gutierrez, David A.,Lee, Wan-Chen Cindy,Shen, Yuning,Li, Jie Jack
supporting information
p. 5372 - 5376
(2016/11/11)

Synthesis, characterization, and anti-inflammatory activities of methyl salicylate derivatives bearing piperazine moiety
In this study, a new series of 16 methyl salicylate derivatives bearing a piperazine moiety were synthesized and characterized. The in vivo anti-inflammatory activities of target compounds were investigated against xylol-induced ear edema and carrageenan-induced paw edema in mice. The results showed that all synthesized compounds exhibited potent anti-inflammatory activities. Especially, the anti-inflammatory activities of compounds M15 and M16 were higher than that of aspirin and even equal to that of indomethacin at the same dose. In addition, the in vitro cytotoxicity activities and anti-inflammatory activities of four target compounds were performed in RAW264.7 macrophages, and compound M16 was found to significantly inhibit the release of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in a dose-dependent manner. In addition, compound M16 was found to attenuate LPS induced cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 up-regulation. The current preliminary study may provide information for the development of new and safe anti-inflammatory agents.
Li, Jingfen,Yin, Yong,Wang, Lisheng,Liang, Pengyun,Li, Menghua,Liu, Xu,Wu, Lichuan,Yang, Hua
(2016/12/02)

Site-Selective Silylation of Aliphatic C-H Bonds Mediated by [1,5]-Hydrogen Transfer: Synthesis of α-Sila Benzamides
The first example of site-selective silylation of C(sp3)-H bonds mediated by a [1,5]-hydrogen transfer is reported. This reaction occurs selectively at the α-position of benzamides with a combination of tert-butylmagnesium chloride and a catalytic amount of 4,4′-di-tert-butylbipyridine (dtbpy) ligand and provides a facile route for the creation of biologically interesting α-sila benzamides. Late-stage functionalization of the incorporated silyl moieties facilitates the synthesis of N-formyl, cis-enamine, β-hydroxyl, amino, and pyrrole-containing derivatives.
Liu, Pei,Tang, Jinghua,Zeng, Xiaoming
supporting information
p. 5536 - 5539
(2016/11/17)

Preparation method for o-fluorobenzoyl chloride
The invention discloses a preparation method for o-fluorobenzoyl chloride. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) synthesis of o-fluorobenzyl trichloride: mixing o-fluorotoluene with triethanol, carrying out heating, adding azodiisobutyronitrile and beginning introduction of chlorine so as to obtain he intermediate o-fluorobenzyl trichloride; and (2) synthesis of o-fluorobenzoyl chloride: heating o-fluorobenzyl trichloride obtained in the previous step under stirring with micro-negative pressure maintained, slowly adding a 0.5% aqueous zinc chloride solution drop by drop within 3 hours, wherein if o-fluorobenzyl trichloride is not completely converted, drops of the aqueous zinc chloride solution is supplemented until o-fluorobenzyl trichloride is totally converted, carrying out purification by using a reduced-pressure distillation method and collecting fractions obtained at 100 to 105 DEG C so as to obtain o-fluorobenzoyl chloride. The preparation method for o-fluorobenzoyl chloride has the advantages of few steps, high product yield and high product purity.
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Paragraph 00119; 0020

(2017/06/02)

Copper/silver-mediated direct ortho-ethynylation of unactivated (hetero)aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne
A copper/silver-mediated oxidative ortho-ethynylation of unactivated aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne has been developed.The reaction uses the removable PIP directing group and features broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, and compatibility with a wide range of heterocycles, providing an efficient synthesis of aryl alkynes. This procedure highlights the potential of copper catalysts to promote unique, synthetically enabling C-H functionalization reactions that lie outside of the current scope of precious metal catalysis.
Liu, Yue-Jin,Liu, Yan-Hua,Yin, Xue-Song,Gu, Wen-Jia,Shi, Bing-Feng
supporting information
p. 205 - 209
(2015/02/19)

Biological evaluation of halogenated thioureas as cholinesterases inhibitors against alzheimer's disease & molecular modeling studies
Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition is thought to be an encouraging approach towards the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current paper targets to give a concise information of mono and dihalo- substituted thioureas similarity with anti-AD potential. The present results represent evaluation of cholinesterase inhibitory potential for halogenated thioureas derivatives. Compound 1t was constituted to be highly potent inhibitor with Ki value 0.12 ± 0.05 μM against AChE, while 1b was most the active inhibitor for BChE with Ki value of 0.03 ± 0.001 μM. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the homology models of both cholinesterases in order to explore the plausible binding modes of synthesized compounds.
Iqbal, Jamshed,Zaib, Sumera,Saeed, Aamer,Muddassar, Muhammad
p. 488 - 494
(2015/06/22)

Rhodium(iii)-catalyzed C-H/C-C activation sequence: Vinylcyclopropanes as versatile synthons in direct C-H allylation reactions
Succession of C-H activation and C-C activation was achieved by using a single rhodium(iii) catalyst. Vinylcyclopropanes were used as versatile coupling partners. Mechanistic studies suggest that the olefin insertion step is rate-determining and a facile β-carbon elimination is involved, which represents a novel ring opening mode of vinylcyclopropanes. This journal is
Wu, Jia-Qiang,Qiu, Zhi-Ping,Zhang, Shang-Shi,Liu, Jing-Gong,Lao, Ye-Xing,Gu, Lian-Quan,Huang, Zhi-Shu,Li, Juan,Wang, Honggen
supporting information
p. 77 - 80
(2015/01/09)

Cu(II)-catalyzed coupling of aromatic C-H bonds with malonates
A new Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenes with malonates has been developed using an amide-oxazoline directing group. The reaction proceeds via C(sp2)-H activation and malonate coupling, followed by intramolecular oxidative N-C bond formation. A variety of arenes bearing different substituents are shown to be compatible with this reaction.
Wang, Hong-Li,Shang, Ming,Sun, Shang-Zheng,Zhou, Zeng-Le,Laforteza, Brian N.,Dai, Hui-Xiong,Yu, Jin-Quan
supporting information
p. 1228 - 1231
(2015/03/14)

Piperazine derivatives: Synthesis, inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and SAR studies
The Mycobacterium tuberculosis NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (MtInhA) catalyzes hydride transfer to long-chain enoyl thioester substrates. MtInhA is a member of the mycobacterial type II dissociated fatty acid biosynthesis system, and is the bona fide target for isoniazid, the most prescribed drug for tuberculosis treatment. Here, a series of piperazine derivatives was synthesized and screened as MtInhA inhibitors, which resulted in the identification of compounds with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluation indicated the importance of the chemical environment surrounding the carbonyl group for inhibition. In addition, the structure of one selected compound was supported by crystallographic studies, and experimental geometrical values were compared with semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, the mode of inhibition and inhibitory dissociation constants were determined for the nine most active compounds. These findings suggest that these 9H-fluoren-9-yl-piperazine-containing compounds interact with MtInhA at the enoyl thioester (2-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA) substrate binding site.
Rotta, Mariane,Pissinate, Kenia,Villela, Anne Drumond,Back, Davi Fernando,Timmers, Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo,Bachega, José Fernando Ruggiero,De Souza, Osmar Norberto,Santos, Diógenes Santiago,Basso, Luiz Augusto,Machado, Pablo
p. 436 - 447
(2015/02/19)

Carboxylate Assisted Ni-Catalyzed C-H Bond Allylation of Benzamides
A one-step synthetic method was developed for allylation of benzamides using Ni(COD)2/RCO2H and [Ni(μ-H2O)(OOCCMe3)2(HOOCCMe3)2]2 (A′) catalytic system. Efficient, well-defined, air and moisture-stable Ni-pivalate complex was isolated and employed in catalytic allylation. The influence of solvent on product selectivity was also investigated. Nickel-back: A one-step synthetic method was developed for the allylation of benzamides using in situ formed nickel carboxylate Ni(COD)2/RCO2H catalyst (see scheme). The air and moisture stable Ni-pivalate complex was isolated and employed in catalytic allylation. The influence of solvent on product selectivity is discussed.
Barsu, Nagaraju,Kalsi, Deepti,Sundararaju, Basker
supporting information
p. 9364 - 9368
(2015/06/30)

Copper-catalyzed direct acyloxylation of C(sp2)-H bonds with Benzoic acids
A copper-catalyzed acyloxylation of C(sp2)-H bond with sterically bulky benzoic acids was achieved. This protocol is compatible with a broad range of functional groups and could proceed in gram scale, providing an efficient and practical protoc
Zhao, Sheng,Chen, Fa-Jie,Liu, Bin,Shi, Bing-Feng
p. 1302 - 1309
(2015/03/30)

Metal-Free Synthesis of Dibenzoxazepinones via a One-Pot SNAr and Smiles Rearrangement Process: Orthogonality with Copper-Catalyzed Cyclizations
Reported is the transition-metal-free synthesis of substituted dibenzoxazepinones using a convergent domino SNAr-Smiles rearrangement-SNAr process. Substrate-scope investigations demonstrated the critical importance of ring electroni
Hurst, Timothy E.,Kitching, Matthew O.,Da Frota, Lívia C. R. M.,Guimar?es, Keller G.,Dalziel, Michael E.,Snieckus, Victor
supporting information
p. 1455 - 1460
(2015/06/30)

QUINOLINE AND CINNOLINE COMPOUNDS AND USE THEREOF
The present invention relates to a series of quinoline and cinnoline derivatives of general formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates or prodrugs thereof. And the compounds of general formula I show potent inhibitory activity gainst c-Met kinase. The present invention further relates to the uses of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases caused by abnormal expression of c-Met kinase, especially for treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
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Paragraph 0055

(2014/11/13)

Quinoline and cinnoline derivatives and their applications
The present invention relates to a series of quinoline and cinnoline derivatives of general formula I, pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, solvates or prodrugs thereof. And the compounds of general formula I show potent inhibitory activity gainst c-Met kinase. The present invention further relates to the uses of the compounds, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates for the preparation of medicaments for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases caused by abnormal expression of c-Met kinase, especially for treatment and/or prevention of cancer.
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Paragraph 0186

(2015/01/06)

Design, synthesis, molecular docking studies and in vitro screening of ethyl 4-(3-benzoylthioureido) benzoates as urease inhibitors
Thioureas are exceptionally versatile building blocks towards the synthesis of wide variety of heterocyclic systems, which also possess extensive range of pharmacological activities. The substituted benzoic acids were converted into corresponding acid chlorides, these acid chlorides were then treated with potassium thiocyanate in acetone and then the reaction mixture was refluxed for 1-2 h afford ethyl 4-(3-benzoylthioureido)benzoates thioureas in good yields. All the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated for their urease inhibitory activities and were found to be potent inhibitors of urease enzyme. Compounds 1f and 1g were identified as the most potent urease inhibitors (IC50 0.21 and 0.13 μM, respectively), and was 100-fold more potent than the standard inhibitors. Further molecular docking studies were carried out using the crystal structure of urease to find out the binding mode of the inhibitors with the enzyme.
Saeed, Aamer,Khan, Muhammad Siraj,Rafique, Hummera,Shahid, Mohammad,Iqbal, Jamshed
p. 1 - 7
(2013/12/04)

Synthesis and evaluation of novel azoles as potent antifungal agents
Using a rational approach to the design of antifungal agents, a series of azole agents with 1,3,4-oxadiazole side chains were designed and synthesized. The results of preliminary in vitro antifungal tests with eight human pathogenic compounds showed that all of the title compounds exhibited excellent activities against all of the tested fungi except Aspergillus fumigatus. Compounds 11e and 11f were found to be the most effective, with a minimum inhibitory concentration of 0.0039 μg/mL, followed by voriconazole, which has a MIC of 0.0625 μg/mL. The 1,3,4-oxadiazole side chain is not the major contributor but plays a role in eliciting the observed antifungal activity.
Li, Liangjing,Ding, Hao,Wang, Baogang,Yu, Shichong,Zou, Yan,Chai, Xiaoyun,Wu, Qiuye
supporting information
p. 192 - 194
(2014/01/17)