400063-96-9Relevant articles and documents
Very thermostable energetic materials based on a fused-triazole: 3,6-diamino-1: H -[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3- b] [1,2,4]triazole
Tang, Yongxing,An, Ziwei,Chinnam, Ajay Kumar,Staples, Richard J.,Shreeve, Jean'ne M.
, p. 85 - 91 (2021)
3,6-Diamino-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole (1) and its energetic salts (2-9) were designed and synthesized based on a fused-triazole backbone with two C-amino groups as substituents. Their physicochemical and energetic properties were measured or calculated. Among them, compound 1 exhibits superior thermostability (Td?(onset): 261 °C), surpassing its analogues 3,7-diamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole (DATT, 219 °C) and 3,6,7-triamino-7H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole (TATOT, 245 °C). The differences in thermal stabilities were further investigated by determining the lowest bond dissociation energies (BDE) where a positive correlation between the stability of the molecules and the lowest BDE values is observed. The results show that 1 with the highest value for the lowest BDE has a superior thermostability in comparison to DATT and TATOT. The energetic salts (2-9) also exhibit remarkable thermal stabilities as well as low impact and friction sensitivities. The fused-triazole backbone 1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole with two C-amino groups as substituents is shown to be a promising building block for construction of very thermally stable energetic materials. This journal is
Insight into the thermostability and low sensitivity of energetic salts based on planar fused-triazole cation
Bian, Chengming,Lei, Qunying,Zhang, Ji,Guo, Xiang,Ma, Zhinan,Yang, Haikuan,Li, Hongli,Xiao, Zhongliang
, (2021)
A new family of nitrogen-rich fused-triazole energetic salts based on 3,6-diamino-1H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-b][1,2,4]triazole were synthesized and fully characterized by infrared spectroscopy (IR), 1H and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance, elemental analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Structures of 3 and 4·H2O were confirmed by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses and their crystal packing characteristics were thoroughly analysed. All new compounds show good thermal stability (Td > 223 °C) and tend to be insensitive to external mechanical stimulus. The densities of these salts ranged from 1.72 to 1.93 g cm?3. Theoretical performance calculations (Gaussian 09 and EXPLO 5) provided detonation pressures and velocities within the ranges of 20.8 to 32.9 GPa and 7599 to 8719 m s?1, respectively. The perchlorate salt 3 exhibits the highest density (1.93 g cm?3) and best oxygen balance (?30.0%), good thermal stability (Td = 258 °C), low sensitivities, and excellent detonation velocity (8719 m s?1) and pressure (32.9 GPa), which suggest that it has the potential to be used as High-energy–density material.