- Branched-arm macromolecule liquid crystals-containing fluorine and isosorbide-structure and properties
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A new series of cholesteric fluorated branched-arm liquid crystals (CHFBALCs) compound (MFA1-MFA4), with isosorbide as chiral core, was synthesized. Four precursors of branched-arm FA1-FA4 were obtained firstly
- He, Xiao-Zhi,Zhang, Fang-Di,Jia, Ying,Meng, Fan-Bao,Jia, Ying-Gang
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Read Online
- Microwave-assisted synthesis and in vitro antibacterial activity of novel steroidal 1,2,4-triazole Schiff base derivatives
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A series of novel Schiff bases containing both a 1,2,4-triazole and deoxycholic acid skeleton have been synthesised in excellent yields and in high purity by means of microwave irradiation. The structures of the target compounds were characterised by MS, IR and NMR as well as elemental analysis. All the products were evaluated for their in vitro antibacterial activities against Gram positive (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and Gram negative bacteria (Pseudomonas seruginosa and Escherichia coli). Four of the compounds displayed varying levels of antibacterial activity against P. aeruginosa and S. aureus, but none of the compounds showed any activity against E. coli and B. subtilis.
- Wang, Xiaohong,Liu, Xingli,Jiang, Yujia,Zhao, Zhigang
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Read Online
- Synthesis and Characterization of Two Chiral Pyrrolyl α-Nitronyl Nitroxide Radicals and Determination of their Cytotoxicity and Radioprotective Properties in C6 Cells and Mice under Ionizing Radiation
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In this study, two chiral nitronyl nitroxyl radicals, L1 and D1, were synthesized and evaluated for their potential radioprotective properties in vitro and in vivo. We synthesized the new stable nitronyl nitroxide radicals, L1 and D1, according to Ullman'
- Tian, Min,Lan, Ting,Gao, Min,Li, Bo,Zhang, Gai,Wang, Hai-Bo
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Read Online
- Remarkably Efficient Iridium Catalysts for Directed C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H Borylation of Diverse Classes of Substrates
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Here we describe the discovery of a new class of C-H borylation catalysts and their use for regioselective C-H borylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic systems. The new catalysts have Ir-C(thienyl) or Ir-C(furyl) anionic ligands instead of the diamine-type neutral chelating ligands used in the standard C-H borylation conditions. It is reported that the employment of these newly discovered catalysts show excellent reactivity and ortho-selectivity for diverse classes of aromatic substrates with high isolated yields. Moreover, the catalysts proved to be efficient for a wide number of aliphatic substrates for selective C(sp3)-H bond borylations. Heterocyclic molecules are selectively borylated using the inherently elevated reactivity of the C-H bonds. A number of late-stage C-H functionalization have been described using the same catalysts. Furthermore, we show that one of the catalysts could be used even in open air for the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H borylations enabling the method more general. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the active catalytic intermediate is the Ir(bis)boryl complex, and the attached ligand acts as bidentate ligand. Collectively, this study underlines the discovery of new class of C-H borylation catalysts that should find wide application in the context of C-H functionalization chemistry.
- Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb,Hassan, Mirja Md Mahamudul,Hoque, Md Emdadul
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supporting information
p. 5022 - 5037
(2021/05/04)
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- Photo-on-Demand Synthesis of Vilsmeier Reagents with Chloroform and Their Applications to One-Pot Organic Syntheses
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The Vilsmeier reagent (VR), first reported a century ago, is a versatile reagent in a variety of organic reactions. It is used extensively in formylation reactions. However, the synthesis of VR generally requires highly toxic and corrosive reagents such as POCl3, SOCl2, or COCl2. In this study, we found that VR is readily obtained from a CHCl3 solution containing N,N-dimethylformamide or N,N-dimethylacetamide upon photo-irradiation under O2 bubbling. The corresponding Vilsmeier reagents were obtained in high yields with the generation of gaseous HCl and CO2 as byproducts to allow their isolations as crystalline solid products amenable to analysis by X-ray crystallography. With the advantage of using CHCl3, which bifunctionally serves as a reactant and a solvent, this photo-on-demand VR synthesis is available for one-pot syntheses of aldehydes, acid chlorides, formates, ketones, esters, and amides.
- Liang, Fengying,Eda, Kazuo,Okazoe, Takashi,Wada, Akihiro,Mori, Nobuaki,Konishi, Katsuhiko,Tsuda, Akihiko
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p. 6504 - 6517
(2021/05/06)
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- Pine Rosin as a Valuable Natural Resource in the Synthesis of Fungicide Candidates for Controlling Fusarium oxysporum on Cucumber
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To improve the effect of pine rosin in plant fungicides, four series of dehydroabietyl-1,3,4-thiadiazole derivatives from the natural product rosin were synthesized. Based on the evaluation of the in vitro antifungal activity against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, Botrytis cinerea, Fusarium oxysporum, and Magnaporthe oryzae, rosin-based 1,3,4-thiadiazole compounds containing thiophene heterocycles were screened. Notably, compound 3e [dehydroabietyl-(1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-5-nitrothiophene-2-carboxamide] exhibited excellent antifungal property against F. oxysporum with an EC50 of 0.618 mg/L, which was lower than that of the positive control carbendazim (0.649 mg/L). The in vivo antifungal activity results showed that 3e exerted a protective effect on cucumber plants. Physiological and biochemical studies showed that the primary mechanism of action of compound 3e on F. oxysporum was it changed the mycelial morphology, increased the cell membrane permeability, and inhibited the synthesis of ergosterol in the mycelia. Furthermore, the quantitative structure-activity relationship studies revealed that the frontier orbital energy in the molecule had a key role in the antifungal activity through the conjugation and electrostatic interaction between compound 3e and the receptors of the target. Thus, the present study highlighted the application of rosin-based fungicidal candidates and exploited efficient plant pesticides for sustainable crop production.
- Mao, Shiying,Wu, Chengyu,Gao, Yanqing,Hao, Jin,He, Xiaohua,Tao, Pan,Li, Jian,Shang, Shibin,Song, Zhanqian,Song, Jie
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p. 6475 - 6484
(2021/06/28)
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- One-step Conversion of Amides and Esters to Acid Chlorides with PCl3
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A general and efficient iodine-promoted chlorination of amides and esters with phosphorus trichloride is described. For the first time. Various inactivated amides including secondary and tertiary amides were directly converted to the corresponding acid chlorides in one-step. The substrate scope of methyl esters including aromatic and aliphatic esters was also explored under this system. This method is simple, scalable and wide in scope, which provides an approach to preparation of these acid chlorides.
- Li, Fangshao,Wu, Xiaofang,Guo, Fengzhe,Tang, Zi-Long,Xiao, Jing
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supporting information
p. 4314 - 4317
(2021/07/16)
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- Preparation method of benzoyl chloride compound
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The invention provides a preparation method of a benzoyl chloride compound. The preparation method comprises the following step: with a trichloromethyl benzene compound and a benzoic acid compound as raw materials and ferric oxide as a catalyst, carrying out a catalytic reaction to prepare the benzoyl chloride compound. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the benzoyl chloride compound can be obtained under the condition of not using a solvent, yield is up to 95% or above, atom economy is good, cost is lower, operation is simpler, more convenient and safer, the treatment amount of three wastes is smaller, the three wastes is easier to treat, and the method is more suitable for industrial production.
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Paragraph 0054-0058
(2021/06/22)
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- PCl3-mediated transesterification and aminolysis of tert-butyl esters via acid chloride formation
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A PCl3-mediated conversion of tert-butyl esters into esters and amides in one-pot under air is developed. This novel protocol is highlighted by the synthesis of skeletons of bioactive molecules and gram-scale reactions. Mechanistic studies revealed that this transformation involves the formation of an acid chloride in situ, which is followed by reactions with alcohols or amines to afford the desired products.
- Wu, Xiaofang,Zhou, Lei,Li, Fangshao,Xiao, Jing
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p. 491 - 497
(2021/01/20)
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- Photochemical Activation of Aromatic Aldehydes: Synthesis of Amides, Hydroxamic Acids and Esters
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A cheap, facile and metal-free photochemical protocol for the activation of aromatic aldehydes has been developed. Utilizing thioxanthen-9-one as the photocatalyst and cheap household lamps as the light source, a variety of aromatic aldehydes have been activated and subsequently converted in a one-pot reaction into amides, hydroxamic acids and esters in good to high yields. The applicability of this method was highlighted in the synthesis of Moclobemide, a drug against depression and social anxiety. Extended and detailed mechanistic studies have been conducted, in order to determine a plausible mechanism for the reaction.
- Nikitas, Nikolaos F.,Apostolopoulou, Mary K.,Skolia, Elpida,Tsoukaki, Anna,Kokotos, Christoforos G.
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supporting information
p. 7915 - 7922
(2021/05/03)
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- 4,4 ’ - Difluorobenzophenone and preparation method and application thereof
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The 4, 4 ’ difluorobenzophenone and the preparation method thereof comprise: mixing a molecular sieve and hydrogen peroxide and with fluorobenzaldehyde to form a mixed solution, oxidizing fluorobenzaldehyde into p-fluorobenzoic acid, wherein the molecular sieve is a catalyst. Hydrochloric acid and zinc chloride are added to the mixed solution to generate p-fluorobenzoyl chloride under the condition that the molecular sieve is used as a catalyst. Fluorobenzene was added to the mixed solution containing the p-fluorobenzoyl chloride to obtain the 4, 4 ’ - difluorobenzophenone. Thus, the synthetic method has the following advantages: 4, the yield of 4 ’ - difluorobenzophenone is not lower 98%, the purity is not lower than 99.999%, and the purity makes it available for preparation of medical grade polyether ether ketone. Reaction conditions are easy to control, and the risk of explosion is reduced to a certain extent.
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Pyridinium Salts via C-N Bond Cleavage
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The electrophile-electrophile cross-coupling of carboxylic acid derivatives and alkylpyridinium salts via C-N bond cleavage is developed. The method is distinguished by its simplicity and steers us through a variety of functionalized ketones in good to excellent yields. Besides acid chlorides, carboxylic acids were also employed as acylating agents, which enabled us to incorporate acid-sensitive functional groups such as MOM, BOC, and acetal. Control experiments with TEMPO revealed a radical pathway.
- Pulikottil, Feba Thomas,Pilli, Ramadevi,Suku, Rohith Valavil,Rasappan, Ramesh
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supporting information
p. 2902 - 2907
(2020/04/09)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of anthranilamide derivatives as potent SMO inhibitors
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A series of anthranilamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as novel smoothened (SMO) inhibitors based on the SMO inhibitor taladegib (LY2940680), which can also inhibit the SMO-D473H mutant, via a ring-opening strategy. The phthalazine core in LY2940680 was replaced with anthranilamide, which retained the inhibitory activity towards the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway as evidenced by a dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Compound 12a displayed the best inhibitory activity against the Hh signaling pathway with IC50 value of 34.09 nM, and exhibited better proliferation inhibitory activity towards the Daoy cell line (IC50 = 0.48 μM) than LY2940680 (IC50 = 0.79 μM).
- Ji, Dezhong,Xu, Yungen,Zhang, Jing-Jing,Zhang, Wanwan
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- Hydrogen Bond Directed Photocatalytic Hydrodefluorination and Methods of Use Thereof
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Methods of synthesizing compounds comprising fluorinated aryl groups are disclosed, wherein said methods utilize hydrogen bond directed photocatalytic hydrodefluorination.
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- Preparation method of 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride and acyl chloride co-production technology
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The invention relates to the field of new materials of fine chemicals, in particular to 2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl chloride (also known as trimesoyl chloride) and an environment-friendly and economical novel preparation process technology for co-producing series acyl chloride products.
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Paragraph 0027-0029
(2020/11/25)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl (Pseudo)Halides Through In Situ Generation of Carbon Monoxide
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An efficient palladium-catalyzed chlorocarbonylation of aryl (pseudo)halides that gives access to a wide range of carboxylic acid derivatives has been developed. The use of butyryl chloride as a combined CO and Cl source eludes the need for toxic, gaseous carbon monoxide, thus facilitating the synthesis of high-value products from readily available aryl (pseudo)halides. The combination of palladium(0), Xantphos, and an amine base is essential to promote this broadly applicable catalytic reaction. Overall, this reaction provides access to a great variety of carbonyl-containing products through in situ transformation of the generated aroyl chloride. Combined experimental and computational studies support a reaction mechanism involving in situ generation of CO.
- Bismuto, Alessandro,Boehm, Philip,Morandi, Bill,Roediger, Sven
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supporting information
p. 17887 - 17896
(2020/08/19)
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- A practical chlorination of tert-butyl esters with PCl3 generating acid chlorides
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For the first time, using PCl3, a range of tert-butyl esters is chlorinated successfully, allowing access of both aromatic acid chlorides and aliphatic acid chlorides in good yields. The method features simple reaction conditions and wide substrate scope. Various tert-butyl esters including aryl esters, alkenyl esters, and alkyl esters were tolerated well in the reaction. A plausible mechanism is proposed.
- Wu, Xiaofang,Zhou, Lei,Yang, Ruoqi,Guo, Fengzhe,Tang, Zi-Long,Xiao, Jing
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p. 301 - 304
(2020/01/29)
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- TOLPERISONE ANALOGS AND METHODS OF USE
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The present invention is, in part, directed to tolperisone analogs (e.g., compounds of formula (I), (I-a), (I-b), (II), (Il-a), (III), (Ill-a), (ΙΙΙ-b), (III-c), (IV), (IV-a), (V), or (V-a)) and methods of use thereof for the treatment of various conditions including elevated muscle tone and tension (e.g., spasticity, muscle spasm). In one aspect, the tolperisone analogs disclosed herein have an additional substituent at the α-position, which blocks the generation of a β- elimination product.
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Page/Page column 39-40
(2019/10/29)
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- Preparation method of aromatic acyl chloride
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The invention discloses a preparation method of aromatic acyl chloride. An aromatic acyl chloride compound is prepared through a reaction of aryl carboxylic acid and phosphorus trichloride. The preparation method of the aromatic acyl chloride has the advantages that the phosphorus trichloride is taken as a chloride reagent, the corresponding acyl chloride is synthesized from the aryl carboxylic acid, so that the production cost is low, the operation is simple, a by-product is low in toxicity, the environmental friendliness is achieved, the yield is high, and the method is conductive to industrial production.
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Paragraph 0067-0070
(2019/07/11)
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- 2-amino-4-substituted pyridine derivative as well as synthesis method and application thereof
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The invention discloses a 2-amino-4-substituted pyridine derivative as well as a synthesis method and an application thereof. The derivative with the structural formula is a compound with the structure or pharmacologically acceptable salt, hydrate, solvate, polymorphic substance, tautomer, stereoisomer, isotope derivative or prodrug of the compound. The 2-amino-4-substituted pyridine derivative has higher EGFR (epidermal growth factor receptor) inhibition activity, has higher inhibition activity for human epidermal cell carcinoma cells, glioblastoma cells and the like and can be used for preparing drugs for treating and/or preventing and/or delaying and/or assisting in treatment and/or treatment of diseases related with too high EGFR activity.
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Paragraph 0199-0202; 0237
(2019/08/06)
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- Visible light-induced transformation of aldehydes to esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides
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A transition metal- and organophotocatalyst free synthesis of esters, carboxylic anhydrides and amides from aldehydes induced by visible-light has been reported. The proposed methodology can be carried out by the use of sunlight or artificial visible light as a blue LED source. The methodology has a very broad applicability and the desired products are obtained in very satisfactory yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Raposo, Inês,Pereira, Leonor,Mulas, Gabriele,Ricci, Pier Carlo,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 10711 - 10715
(2019/07/15)
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- 4,5-Diaryl 3(2H)Furanones: Anti-inflammatory activity and influence on cancer growth
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Apart from their anti-inflammatory action, COX inhibitors have gathered the interest of many scientists due to their potential use for the treatment and prevention of cancer. It has been shown that cyclooxygenase inhibitors restrict cancer cell growth and are able to interact with known antitumor drugs, enhancing their in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity. The permutation of hydrophilic and hydrophobic aryl groups in COX inhibitors leads to cardinal changes in the biological activity of the compounds. In the present study, thirteen heterocyclic coxib-like 4,5-diarylfuran-3(2H)-ones and their annelated derivatives-phenanthro[9,10-b]furan-3-ones-were synthesized and studied for anti-inflammatory and COX-1/2 inhibitory action and for their cytotoxic activity on the breast cancer (MCF-7) and squamous cell carcinoma (HSC-3) cell lines. The F-derivative of the -SOMe substituted furan-3(2H)-ones exhibited the best activity (COX-1 IC50 = 2.8 μM, anti-inflammatory activity (by carrageenan paw edema model) of 54% (dose 0.01 mmol/kg), and MCF-7 and HSC-3 cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 10 μM and 7.5 μM, respectively). A cytotoxic effect related to the COX-1 inhibitory action was observed and a synergistic effect with the anti-neoplastic drugs gefitinib and 5-fluorouracil was found. A phenanthrene derivative exhibited the best synergistic effect with gefitinib.
- Semenok, Dmitrii,Medvedev, Jury,Giassafaki, Lefki-P.,Lavdas, Iason,Vizirianakis, Ioannis S.,Eleftheriou, Phaedra,Gavalas, Antonis,Petrou, Anthi,Geronikaki, Athina
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- Functional Group Transposition: A Palladium-Catalyzed Metathesis of Ar-X σ-Bonds and Acid Chloride Synthesis
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We describe the development of a new method to use palladium catalysis to form functionalized aromatics: via the metathesis of covalent σ-bonds between Ar-X fragments. This transformation demonstrates the dynamic nature of palladium-based oxidative addition/reductive elimination and offers a straightforward approach to incorporate reactive functional groups into aryl halides through exchange reactions. The reaction has been exploited to assemble acid chlorides without the use of high energy halogenating or toxic reagents and, instead, via the metathesis of aryl iodides with other acid chlorides.
- De La Higuera Macias, Maximiliano,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
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supporting information
p. 10140 - 10144
(2018/08/23)
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- CoIII-Catalyzed Isonitrile Insertion/Acyl Group Migration Between C?H and N?H bonds of Arylamides
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A general efficient and site-selective cobalt-catalyzed insertion of isonitrile into C?H and N?H bonds of arylamides through C?H bond activation and alcohol assisted intramolecular trans-amidation is demonstrated. This straightforward approach overcomes the limitation by the presence of strongly chelating groups. Isolation of CoIII-isonitrile complex B has been achieved for the first time to understand the reaction mechanism.
- Kalsi, Deepti,Barsu, Nagaraju,Sundararaju, Basker
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supporting information
p. 2360 - 2364
(2018/02/22)
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- One-pot method for preparing high-purity 4,4'-difluorodiphenylketone
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The invention discloses a one-pot method for preparing high-purity 4,4'-difluorodiphenylketone. According to the method, 4-fluorotoluene is used as a starting raw material and is subjected to oxidation, F-C acylation-condensation, multistage cooling and step-by-step crystallization so as to eventually prepare the target product 4,4'-difluorodiphenylketone. The prepared 4,4'-difluorodiphenylketonehas a melting point of 107 to 109 DEG C and a purity of no less than 99.9%. The method is simple in process; the raw material is cheap and easily available; a catalyst is easy to recover; the 4,4'-difluorodiphenylketone is high in purity; so the method is worth promotion.
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- Selective mono-alkylation of N-methoxybenzamides
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We report our latest discovery of norbornene derivative modulated highly mono-selective ortho-C-H activation alkylation reactions on arenes bearing simple mono-dentate coordinating groups. The reaction features the use of readily available benzamides and alkyl halides. During the study, we prepared 30 mono-alkylated aryl amides in good yields with good mono-selectivity. We have also demonstrated that structurally rigid alkenes such as norbornene and its derivatives are a good class of ligand and could be used for future direct C-H functionalizations. The utilization of norbornene type ligands for assistance in C-H activation processes has opened a new window for future molecular design using direct C-H functionalization strategies.
- Chen, Zenghua,Hu, Le'an,Zeng, Fanyun,Zhu, Ranran,Zheng, Shasha,Yu, Qingzhen,Huang, Jianhui
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supporting information
p. 4258 - 4261
(2017/04/21)
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- Synthesis, characterization, and in?vitro evaluation and in silico molecular docking of thiourea derivatives incorporating 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moiety
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A series of acyl thiourea derivatives bearing 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl moiety (7 compounds) has been synthesized and characterized by FT-IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy and elemental analyses. The molecular structure of five compounds (2, 4, 5, 6 and 7) was determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. The crystal structures revealed that the carbonyl thiourea units in all determined compounds are mostly planar due in part to the formation of intramolecular N[sbnd]H?O[dbnd]C and C[sbnd]H?S[dbnd]C hydrogen bonds that form two S (6) rings. The intermolecular contacts of five crystal structures have been preformed based on the Hirshfeld surface and their associated 2D fingerprint plots. All the synthesized compounds were preliminarily screened for their in?vitro anti-fungal activity. Especially, compounds 4, 5 and 6 showed a good anti-fungal activity for four different kinds of fungi. Furthermore, all prepared thiourea derivatives were screened for antioxidant potential activity by DPPH free radical scavenging and the excellent activity were found compounds 5 and 6 with the IC50value of 191.75?μg/mL and 189.75?μg/mL, respectively. In silico molecular docking studies were performed to screen the thiourea derivatives against heat shock protein HSP90.
- Qiao, Lei,Huang, Jie,Hu, Wei,Zhang, Yu,Guo, Jiajia,Cao, Wenli,Miao, Kanghua,Qin, Baofu,Song, Jirong
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p. 149 - 159
(2017/03/22)
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- The Conversion of tert-Butyl Esters to Acid Chlorides Using Thionyl Chloride
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The reaction of tert-butyl esters with SOCl2 at room temperature provides acid chlorides in unpurified yields of 89% or greater. Benzyl, methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl esters are essentially unreactive under these conditions, allowing for the selective conversion of tert-butyl esters to acid chlorides in the presence of other esters.
- Greenberg, Jacob A.,Sammakia, Tarek
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p. 3245 - 3251
(2017/03/23)
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- METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID CHLORIDES FROM METHYL KETONES WITH TWO REAGENTS
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The invention discloses a method for the preparation of carboxylic acid chlorides starting from methyl ketones with a sulfur chloride and a chlorinating reagent.
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Page/Page column 34
(2017/01/26)
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- Anhydrides from aldehydes or alcohols via oxidative cross-coupling
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A novel type of metal-free oxidative cross-coupling for the synthesis of symmetrical and mixed anhydrides from aldehydes or benzylic alcohols has been developed. The aldehydes or alcohols were converted in situ into their corresponding acyl chlorides, which were then reacted with an array of carboxylic acids. The methodology has a general applicability, and was successfully employed to prepare either aromatic or aliphatic symmetrical anhydrides and mixed anhydrides, which are very unstable compounds.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Amura, Ida,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 931 - 939
(2017/02/10)
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- Metal-free oxidative self-coupling of aldehydes or alcohols to symmetric carboxylic anhydrides
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A metal-free synthesis of symmetrical anhydrides has been developed starting from aldehydes, both aliphatic and aromatic or primary benzylic alcohols. The reaction occurs at room temperature and makes use of trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCCA) as an oxidant providing the desired carboxylic anhydrides in satisfactory yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 2533 - 2536
(2017/06/13)
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- Preparation of high purity 4,4 the method of-difluorobenzophenone [...]
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The invention discloses a method for preparing high-purity 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone. p-fluorotoluene is used as an initial raw material and oxidation reaction, chloroformylation reaction and condensation reaction are carried out, so that the target product 4,4'-difluorobenzophenone is finally obtained; the melting point of the product is 107-109 DEG C; the purity of the product is greater than or equal to 99.9 percent and accords with the purity requirement for synthesis of polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK). Moreover, according to the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the used raw material is cheap and is easy to obtain, the synthetic process conditions are mild and in the synthesizing process, a used reagent is relatively green and environmental-friendly, and thus, the method has wide application prospect and high industrial value.
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Paragraph 0026; 0029; 0030; 0035; 0044
(2018/02/04)
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- METHOD FOR PREPARATION OF CARBOXYLIC ACID CHLORIDES FROM METHYL KETONES
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The invention discloses a method for the preparation of carboxylic acid chlorides starting from methyl ketones with a sulfur chloride.
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Page/Page column 30
(2017/01/02)
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- MODULATORS OF FARNESOID X RECEPTOR AND METHODS FOR THE USE THEREOF
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Compounds, compositions and methods are provided for treating the FXR-mediated disease or process in a mammal, comprising administering to the mammal a therapeutically effective amount of a compound claimed, wherein the FXR-mediated disease or condition linked to chronic liver diseases such as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis; gastrointestinal diseases; cardiovascular diseases; metabolic diseases such as diabetes and obesity; inflammation, or cancer etc..
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- Metal-Free Oxidative Cross Esterification of Alcohols via Acyl Chloride Formation
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A novel metal-free oxidative cross esterification of alcohols has been achieved using trichloroisocyanuric acid as an oxidant. The alcohols were converted in situ into their corresponding acyl chlorides, which were then reacted with primary and secondary aliphatic, benzylic and allylic alcohols and phenols. A wide variety of esters was obtained in satisfactory yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 154 - 158
(2016/01/25)
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- Visible-Light-Mediated Synthesis of Amides from Aldehydes and Amines via in Situ Acid Chloride Formation
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An efficient visible-light photocatalysis-based one-pot amide synthesis method was developed; visible-light irradiation of a mixture of an aldehyde, tert-butyl hydrogen peroxide, and N-chlorosuccinimide using a Ru(bpy)3Cl2 photocatalyst afforded an acid chloride, which subsequently reacted with amine to yield the corresponding amide. The reaction was used to synthesize moclobemide and a D3 receptor intermediate.
- Iqbal, Naeem,Cho, Eun Jin
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p. 1905 - 1911
(2016/03/15)
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- Biological evaluation of halogenated thioureas as cholinesterases inhibitors against alzheimer's disease & molecular modeling studies
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Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition is thought to be an encouraging approach towards the therapy of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The current paper targets to give a concise information of mono and dihalo- substituted thioureas similarity with anti-AD potential. The present results represent evaluation of cholinesterase inhibitory potential for halogenated thioureas derivatives. Compound 1t was constituted to be highly potent inhibitor with Ki value 0.12 ± 0.05 μM against AChE, while 1b was most the active inhibitor for BChE with Ki value of 0.03 ± 0.001 μM. Molecular docking simulations were performed using the homology models of both cholinesterases in order to explore the plausible binding modes of synthesized compounds.
- Iqbal, Jamshed,Zaib, Sumera,Saeed, Aamer,Muddassar, Muhammad
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p. 488 - 494
(2015/06/22)
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- Copper/silver-mediated direct ortho-ethynylation of unactivated (hetero)aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne
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A copper/silver-mediated oxidative ortho-ethynylation of unactivated aryl C-H bonds with terminal alkyne has been developed.The reaction uses the removable PIP directing group and features broad substrate scope, high functional-group tolerance, and compatibility with a wide range of heterocycles, providing an efficient synthesis of aryl alkynes. This procedure highlights the potential of copper catalysts to promote unique, synthetically enabling C-H functionalization reactions that lie outside of the current scope of precious metal catalysis.
- Liu, Yue-Jin,Liu, Yan-Hua,Yin, Xue-Song,Gu, Wen-Jia,Shi, Bing-Feng
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supporting information
p. 205 - 209
(2015/02/19)
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- Ligand-promoted ortho-C-H amination with Pd catalysts
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2,4,6-Trimethoxypyridine is identified as an efficient ligand for promoting a Pd-catalyzed ortho-C-H amination of both benzamides and triflyl-protected benzylamines. This finding provides guidance for the development of ligands that can improve or enable PdII-catalyzed Csp2-H activation reactions directed by weakly coordinating functional groups.
- Zhu, Dajian,Yang, Guoqiang,He, Jian,Chu, Ling,Chen, Gang,Gong, Wei,Chen, Ke,Eastgate, Martin D.,Yu, Jin-Quan
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supporting information
p. 2497 - 2500
(2015/02/19)
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- Cu(II)-catalyzed coupling of aromatic C-H bonds with malonates
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A new Cu(II)-catalyzed oxidative coupling of arenes with malonates has been developed using an amide-oxazoline directing group. The reaction proceeds via C(sp2)-H activation and malonate coupling, followed by intramolecular oxidative N-C bond formation. A variety of arenes bearing different substituents are shown to be compatible with this reaction.
- Wang, Hong-Li,Shang, Ming,Sun, Shang-Zheng,Zhou, Zeng-Le,Laforteza, Brian N.,Dai, Hui-Xiong,Yu, Jin-Quan
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supporting information
p. 1228 - 1231
(2015/03/14)
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- 6,7-dimethoxyquinazolines as potential cytotoxic agents: Synthesis and in vitro activity
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It has been reported that 6,7-dimethoxyquinazoline derivatives have cytotoxic potential independent of their a1-adrenoceptor blocking potential. Bioisosteres of 2-arylquinazolines are considered to have anti-tumor properties. In the present study, we have synthesized the 2-aryl and 2-arylmethyl derivatives of quinazolin-4(3H)-one while retaining the 6,7-dimethoxy substituents. Derivatives with n-butyl group attached to position-3 of quinazolinone nucleus were synthesized with the aim of increasing their lipophilicity. The potential of these synthesized compounds was evaluated against NCI (National Cancer Institute) 60 cell panel using the NCI disease oriented antitumor screen protocol. Based on the results of this screening we generalized that compounds having aryl groups directly attached to the quinazoline ring are less active than those which have one atom linker in between the two ring systems. Substitution of a lipophilic group like nbutyl decreases cytotoxic activity among the compounds and 4-aminoquinazolines showed better activity than 4-quinazolinones. Lipophilic groups in the aromatic ring yielded more active compounds as cytotoxic agents. Among the selected compounds, 4h and 13b were found to be potential lead compounds which could be further optimized as potential anti-neoplastic agents.
- Yadav, Mange Ram,Chauhan, Bishram Singh,Naik, Prashant,Gandhi, Hardik,Giridhar, Rajani
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p. 190 - 205
(2015/04/14)
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- Piperazine derivatives: Synthesis, inhibition of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase and SAR studies
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The Mycobacterium tuberculosis NADH-dependent enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (MtInhA) catalyzes hydride transfer to long-chain enoyl thioester substrates. MtInhA is a member of the mycobacterial type II dissociated fatty acid biosynthesis system, and is the bona fide target for isoniazid, the most prescribed drug for tuberculosis treatment. Here, a series of piperazine derivatives was synthesized and screened as MtInhA inhibitors, which resulted in the identification of compounds with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. A structure-activity relationship (SAR) evaluation indicated the importance of the chemical environment surrounding the carbonyl group for inhibition. In addition, the structure of one selected compound was supported by crystallographic studies, and experimental geometrical values were compared with semi-empirical quantum chemical calculations. Furthermore, the mode of inhibition and inhibitory dissociation constants were determined for the nine most active compounds. These findings suggest that these 9H-fluoren-9-yl-piperazine-containing compounds interact with MtInhA at the enoyl thioester (2-trans-dodecenoyl-CoA) substrate binding site.
- Rotta, Mariane,Pissinate, Kenia,Villela, Anne Drumond,Back, Davi Fernando,Timmers, Luis Fernando Saraiva Macedo,Bachega, José Fernando Ruggiero,De Souza, Osmar Norberto,Santos, Diógenes Santiago,Basso, Luiz Augusto,Machado, Pablo
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p. 436 - 447
(2015/02/19)
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- Carboxylate Assisted Ni-Catalyzed C-H Bond Allylation of Benzamides
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A one-step synthetic method was developed for allylation of benzamides using Ni(COD)2/RCO2H and [Ni(μ-H2O)(OOCCMe3)2(HOOCCMe3)2]2 (A′) catalytic system. Efficient, well-defined, air and moisture-stable Ni-pivalate complex was isolated and employed in catalytic allylation. The influence of solvent on product selectivity was also investigated. Nickel-back: A one-step synthetic method was developed for the allylation of benzamides using in situ formed nickel carboxylate Ni(COD)2/RCO2H catalyst (see scheme). The air and moisture stable Ni-pivalate complex was isolated and employed in catalytic allylation. The influence of solvent on product selectivity is discussed.
- Barsu, Nagaraju,Kalsi, Deepti,Sundararaju, Basker
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supporting information
p. 9364 - 9368
(2015/06/30)
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- Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of Three Novel Fluorine-18 Labeled Radiopharmaceuticals for P-Glycoprotein PET Imaging at the Blood-Brain Barrier
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P-Glycoprotein (P-gp), along with other transporter proteins at the blood-brain barrier (BBB), limits the entry of many pharmaceuticals into the brain. Altered P-gp function has been found in several neurological diseases. To study the P-gp function, many positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals have been developed. Most P-gp radiopharmaceuticals are labeled with carbon-11, while labeling with fluorine-18 would increase their applicability due to longer half-life. Here we present the synthesis and in vivo evaluation of three novel fluorine-18 labeled radiopharmaceuticals: 4-((6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydroisoquinolin-2(1H)-yl)methyl)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)oxazole (1a), 2-biphenyl-4-yl-2-fluoroethoxy-6,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-isoquinoline (2), and 5-(1-(2-fluoroethoxy))-[3-(6,7-dimethoxy-3,4-dihydro-1H-isoquinolin-2-yl)-propyl]-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen (3). Compounds were characterized as P-gp substrates in vitro, and Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) and wild-type mice were used to assess the substrate potential in vivo. Comparison was made to (R)-[11C]verapamil, which is currently the most frequently used P-gp substrate. Compound [18F]3 was performing the best out of the new radiopharmaceuticals; it had 2-fold higher brain uptake in the Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice compared to wild-type and was metabolically quite stable. In the plasma, 69% of the parent compound was intact after 45 min and 96% in the brain. Selectivity of [18F]3 to P-gp was tested by comparing the uptake in Mdr1a/b(-/-) mice to uptake in Mdr1a/b(-/-)Bcrp1(-/-) mice, which was statistically not significantly different. Hence, [18F]3 was found to be selective for P-gp and is a promising new radiopharmaceutical for P-gp PET imaging at the BBB. (Chemical Equation).
- Savolainen, Heli,Cantore, Mariangela,Colabufo, Nicola A.,Elsinga, Philip H.,Windhorst, Albert D.,Luurtsema, Gert
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p. 2265 - 2275
(2015/07/15)
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- Palladium-catalyzed acylative cross-coupling of amides with diarylborinic acids and sodium tetraarylborates
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Abstract A general and efficient acylative Suzuki coupling of active amides with diarylborinic acids has been achieved by using 1 mol% Pd(PCy3)2Cl2/0.6 mol% PCy3 as catalyst system taking advantage of modifiable reactivities of acyl-nitrogen bonds of amides. Both electronic and steric influences from either aryl or acyl counterparts on the coupling proved to be negligible or small. A variety of aryl ketones including sterically hindered ones could be synthesized by the coupling of diarylborinic acids in good to excellent yields. Sodium tetraarylborates could also be used as high atom-economy aryl source in the palladium-catalyzed cross-coupling with active amides.
- Li, Xijing,Zou, Gang
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p. 136 - 145
(2015/07/27)
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- Synthesis and biological evaluation of novel piperidine-benzodioxole derivatives designed as potential leishmanicidal drug candidates
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Abstract A novel series of ester and carbamate derivatives was synthesized and evaluated its activities against Leishmania amazonensis. All compounds exhibited weaker leishmanicidal activity than amphotericin B. However, results indicated that substituents on the aryl-acyl subunit are important for modulation of the leishmanicidal effect. The nitro derivative showed the highest activity of the series with an IC50 = 17.24 μM, and comparable potency to the 3,4-benzodioxole ester and n-hexyl carbamate derivatives. All compounds showed low toxicity against human cells. These results revealed interesting novel piperine-like molecular pattern for exploitation in search and development of effective and low toxic antileishmanial drug candidates.
- Fernandes, ítalo A.,De Almeida, Letícia,Ferreira, Patrícia Espuri,Marques, Marcos J.,Rocha, Raíssa P.,Coelho, Luiz F.L.,Carvalho, Diogo T.,Viegas, Claudio
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p. 3346 - 3349
(2015/07/08)
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- Synthesis and bioactivity of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing oxazole ring
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Abstract A series of novel pyrazole oxime derivatives containing oxazole ring were designed and synthesized. The title compounds were structurally confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectra and elemental analyses. Preliminary bioassay results showed that some of the title compounds displayed promising fungicidal activity besides insecticidal and acaricidal activity. Particularly, compound 8c exhibited potent fungicidal activity against cucumber Pseudoperonospora cubensis beyond good insecticidal activity against Aphis craccivora and Nilaparvata lugens.
- Wang, Sen-Lin,Shi, Yu-Jun,He, Hai-Bing,Li, Yu,Li, Yang,Dai, Hong
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p. 672 - 674
(2015/08/03)
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- Copper-mediated oxidative homocoupling and rearrangement of N-alkoxyamides: An efficient method for the preparation of aromatic esters
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N-Alkoxyamides are successfully converted into their corresponding esters in a moderate to satisfactory yields via copper-catalyzed oxidative homocoupling and Heron rearrangement. The process tolerates a wide variety of functional groups and allows the synthesis of sterically hindered ester products not readily accessible by traditional acylation chemistry. A radical-mediated pathway has been tentatively proposed for the oxidative process.
- Duan, Xiyan,Yang, Kun,Tian, Shuang,Ma, Junying,Li, Yaning,Zou, Jiao,Zhang, Dongliang,Cui, Huanqing
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supporting information
p. 4634 - 4637
(2015/07/08)
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- Acid Chloride Synthesis by the Palladium-Catalyzed Chlorocarbonylation of Aryl Bromides
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We report a palladium-catalyzed method to synthesize acid chlorides by the chlorocarbonylation of aryl bromides. Mechanistic studies suggest the combination of sterically encumbered PtBu3 and CO coordination to palladium can rapidly equilibrate the oxidative addition/reductive elimination of carbon-halogen bonds. This provides a useful method to assemble highly reactive acid chlorides from stable and available reagents, and can be coupled with subsequent nucleophilic reactions to generate new classes of carbonylated products. The Good, the Bad and the Bulky! By employing a sterically encumbered phosphine ligand, tri-tert-butyl phosphine, under palladium catalysis inert aryl bromides are chlorocarbonylated to create reactive acid chlorides by reversible carbon-halogen bond reductive elimination. This general platform allows for an expanded scope of the Heck carbonylation reaction to include previously incompatible nucleophiles.
- Quesnel, Jeffrey S.,Kayser, Laure V.,Fabrikant, Alexander,Arndtsen, Bruce A.
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supporting information
p. 9550 - 9555
(2015/06/30)
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- Metal-Free Direct Oxidation of Aldehydes to Esters Using TCCA
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Aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes are simply converted into esters by an efficient oxidative esterification carried out under mild conditions. The aldehydes are converted in situ into their corresponding acyl chlorides, which are then reacted with primary and secondary aliphatic, benzylic, allylic, and propargylic alcohols and phenols. A variety of esters are obtained in high yields.
- Gaspa, Silvia,Porcheddu, Andrea,De Luca, Lidia
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supporting information
p. 3666 - 3669
(2015/08/18)
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- Design, synthesis, and fungicidal activity of novel carboxylic acid amides represented by N-benzhydryl valinamode carbamates
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Carboxylic acid amide (CAA) fungicides are an important class of agricultural fungicide with oomycete activity and low toxicity toward mammalian cells. To find CAA analogues with high activity against resistant pathogens, a series of substituted N-benzhydryl valinamide carbamate derivatives were designed and synthesized by introducing substituted aromatic rings into valinamide carbamate leads. Bioassays showed that some title compounds exhibited very good in vitro fungicidal activity against Phytophthora capsici and in vivo fungicidal activities against Pseudoperonospora cubensis. Topomer CoMFA was performed to explore the structure-activity relationship on the basis of the in vitro data. The dimethoxy substituted aromatic analogue 9e was found to display higher in vitro fungicidal activity against Phytophthora capsici than iprovalicarb but lower activity than mandipropamid, and higher in vivo fungicidal activity against Pseudoperonospora cubensis than dimethomorph at a dosage of 6.25 μg mL-1. This journal is the Partner Organisations 2014.
- Du, Xiu-Jiang,Bian, Qiang,Wang, Hong-Xue,Yu, Shu-Jing,Kou, Jun-Jie,Wang, Zhi-Peng,Li, Zheng-Ming,Zhao, Wei-Guang
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p. 5427 - 5434
(2014/07/21)
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