- Photocatalyzed cascade Meerwein addition/cyclization of: N -benzylacrylamides toward azaspirocycles
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A visible-light-induced cascade Meerwein addition/cyclization of alkenes involving C-F bond cleavage was developed. This method offers a rapid access to azaspirocyclic cyclohexadienones from N-benzylacrylamides via C-F bond cleavage applying H2O as an external oxygen source, allowing for the incorporation of various aromatic moieties originating from aryldiazonium salts.
- Yuan, Li,Jiang, Sheng-Ming,Li, Zeng-Zeng,Zhu, Yong,Yu, Jian,Li, Lan,Li, Ming-Zhu,Tang, Shi,Sheng, Rui-Rong
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supporting information
p. 2406 - 2410
(2018/04/12)
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- Selective synthesis of mono- and di-methylated amines using methanol and sodium azide as C1 and N1 sources
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A Ru(ii) complex mediated synthesis of various N,N-dimethyl and N-monomethyl amines from organic azides using methanol as a methylating agent is reported. This methodology was successfully applied for a one-pot reaction of bromide derivatives and sodium azide in methanol. Notably, by controlling the reaction time several N-monomethylated and N,N-dimethylated amines were synthesized selectively. The practical applicability of this tandem process was revealed by preparative scale reactions with different organic azides and synthesis of an anti-vertigo drug betahistine. Several kinetic experiments and DFT studies were carried out to understand the mechanism of this transformation.
- Chakrabarti, Kaushik,Mishra, Anju,Panja, Dibyajyoti,Paul, Bhaskar,Kundu, Sabuj
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supporting information
p. 3339 - 3345
(2018/07/29)
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- Selective Monomethylation of Amines with Methanol as the C1 Source
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The N-monomethyl functionality is a common motif in a variety of synthetic and natural compounds. However, facile access to such compounds remains a fundamental challenge in organic synthesis owing to selectivity issues caused by overmethylation. To address this issue, we have developed a method for the selective, catalytic monomethylation of various structurally and functionally diverse amines, including typically problematic primary aliphatic amines, using methanol as the methylating agent, which is a sustainable chemical feedstock. Kinetic control of the aliphatic amine monomethylation was achieved by using a readily available ruthenium catalyst at an adequate temperature under hydrogen pressure. Various substrates including bio-related molecules and pharmaceuticals were selectively monomethylated, demonstrating the general utility of the developed method.
- Choi, Geunho,Hong, Soon Hyeok
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supporting information
p. 6166 - 6170
(2018/04/30)
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- Discovery of a Highly Potent, Selective, and Metabolically Stable Inhibitor of Receptor-Interacting Protein 1 (RIP1) for the Treatment of Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome
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On the basis of its essential role in driving inflammation and disease pathology, cell necrosis has gradually been verified as a promising therapeutic target for treating atherosclerosis, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and ischemia injury, among other diseases. Most necrosis inhibitors targeting receptor-interacting protein 1 (RIP1) still require further optimization because of weak potency or poor metabolic stability. We conducted a phenotypic screen and identified a micromolar hit with novel amide structure. Medicinal chemistry efforts yielded a highly potent, selective, and metabolically stable drug candidate, compound 56 (RIPA-56). Biochemical studies and molecular docking revealed that RIP1 is the direct target of this new series of type III kinase inhibitors. In the SIRS mice disease model, 56 efficiently reduced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced mortality and multiorgan damage. Compared to known RIP1 inhibitors, 56 is potent in both human and murine cells, is much more stable in vivo, and is efficacious in animal model studies.
- Ren, Yan,Su, Yaning,Sun, Liming,He, Sudan,Meng, Lingjun,Liao, Daohong,Liu, Xiao,Ma, Yongfen,Liu, Chunyan,Li, Sisi,Ruan, Hanying,Lei, Xiaoguang,Wang, Xiaodong,Zhang, Zhiyuan
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p. 972 - 986
(2017/02/19)
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- NECROSIS INHIBITORS
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The invention provides amides that inhibit cellular necrosis and/or human receptor interacting protein 1 kinase (RIP1), including corresponding sulfonamides, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrides and stereoisomers thereof. The compounds are employed in pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of making and use, including treating a person in need thereof with an effective amount of the compound or composition, and detecting a resultant improvement in the person's health or condition.
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Paragraph 0619
(2016/07/27)
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- Selective N-methylation of aliphatic amines with CO2 and hydrosilanes using nickel-phosphine catalysts
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A method using CO2 and PhSiH3 for the methylation of primary and secondary aliphatic amines catalyzed by Ni (0) complexes was developed, selectively producing the monomethylated products in moderate to good yields. For that purpose, two catalysts were used: [(dippe)Ni(μ-H)]2 and the commercially available Ni(COD)2/dcype, both of which were rather efficient in this process. With a slight experimental modification, the reaction allowed the production of monomethylated ureas in good yields by using low amounts of PhSiH3. On the basis of the experimental results, we propose a possible reaction mechanism for the formation of the new C-N bond.
- Gonzlez-Sebastin, Lucero,Flores-Alamo, Marcos,Garca, Juventino J.
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p. 763 - 769
(2015/05/12)
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- Oxidation potentials of N-modified derivatives of the analgesic flupirtine linked to potassium KV7 channel opening activity but not hepatocyte toxicity
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Openers of neuronal voltage-gated potassium channels (KV) are of interest as therapeutic agents for treating pain (flupirtine) and epilepsy (retigabine). In an effort to better understand the mechanisms of action and toxicity of flupirtine, we synthesized nine novel analogues with varying redox behavior. Flupirtine can be oxidatively metabolized into azaquinone di-imines; thus, the oxidation potentials of flupirtine and its analogues were measured by cyclic voltammetry. KV7.2/3 (KCNQ2/3) opening activity was determined by an established assay with HEK293 cells overexpressing these channels. A link was found between the oxidation potentials of the compounds and their EC50 values for potassium channel opening activity. On the other hand, no correlation was observed between oxidation potentials and cytotoxicity in cultures of transgenic mouse hepatocytes (TAMH). These results support the idea that oxidative metabolites of flupirtine contribute to the mechanism of action, similar to what was recently proposed for acetaminophen (paracetamol), but not to hepatotoxicity.
- Lemmerhirt, Christian J.,Rombach, Mirko,Bodtke, Anja,Bednarski, Patrick J.,Link, Andreas
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p. 368 - 379
(2015/02/05)
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- Selective monomethylation of primary amines with simple electrophiles
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Direct monomethylation of primary amines with methyl triflate was achieved with high selectivity (up to 96%). The key point of this single methyl transfer stems from the use of HFIP as the solvent that interferes with amines and avoids overmethylation.
- Lebleu, Thomas,Ma, Xiaolu,Maddaluno, Jacques,Legros, Julien
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supporting information
p. 1836 - 1838
(2014/02/14)
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- Discovery of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) inhibitors with potential for decreased active metabolite load compared to dirlotapide
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Analogues related to dirlotapide (1), a gut-selective inhibitor of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) were prepared with the goal of further reducing the potential for unwanted liver MTP inhibition and associated side-effects. Compounds were designed to decrease active metabolite load: reducing MTP activity of likely human metabolites and increasing metabolite clearance to reduce exposure. Introduction of 4′-alkyl and 4′-alkoxy substituents afforded compounds exhibiting improved therapeutic index in rats with respect to liver triglyceride accumulation and enzyme elevation. Likely human metabolites of select compounds were prepared and characterized for their potential to inhibit MTP in vivo. Based on preclinical efficacy and safety data and its potential for producing short-lived, weakly active metabolites, compound 13 (PF-02575799) advanced into phase 1 clinical studies.
- Robinson, Ralph P.,Bartlett, Jeremy A.,Bertinato, Peter,Bessire, Andrew J.,Cosgrove, Judith,Foley, Patrick M.,Manion, Tara B.,Minich, Martha L.,Ramos, Brenda,Reese, Matthew R.,Schmahai, Theodore J.,Swick, Andrew G.,Tess, David A.,Vaz, Alfin,Wolford, Angela
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scheme or table
p. 4150 - 4154
(2011/08/06)
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- Highly enantioselective synthesis of tetrahydroquinolines via cobalt(II)-catalyzed tandem 1,5-hydride transfer/cyclization
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A chiral catalyst prepared from N,N′-dioxide and Co(BF 4)2·6H2O was applied in the asymmetric hydride transfer initiated cyclization reaction, giving optically active tetrahydroquinolines in good yields with high enantioselectivities under mild reaction conditions. Meanwhile, in light of the absolute configuration of the product, a possible working model was proposed to explain the origin of the activation and asymmetric induction.
- Cao, Weidi,Liu, Xiaohua,Wang, Wentao,Lin, Lili,Feng, Xiaoming
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 600 - 603
(2011/04/15)
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- New synthesis of tic-hydantoins sigma-1 ligands and pharmacological evaluation on cocaine-induced stimulant effects
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Activation of the newly identified σ1 chaperone protein is involved in several aspects of the psychostimulant and addictive effects of cocaine. The development of ligands that selectively target the σ1 protein may lead to putative potent anti-cocaine agen
- Toussaint,Debreu-Fontaine,Maurice,Melnyk
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p. 355 - 373
(2011/09/13)
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- Antimycobacterial activity of new 3,5-disubstituted 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2(3H)-one derivatives. Molecular modeling investigations
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3H-1,3,4-Oxadiazol-2-one derivatives were synthesized and tested for their in vitro antimycobacterial activity. Oxadiazolone derivatives showed an interesting antimycobacterial activity against the reference strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis H37Rv. Molecular modeling investigations were performed and showed that the active compounds possess all necessary features to target the protein active site of the mycobacterial cytochrome P450-dependent sterol 14α-demethylase in the sterol biosynthesis pathway as the calculated free energy of binding were in agreement with the corresponding MIC values.
- Zampieri, Daniele,Mamolo, Maria Grazia,Laurini, Erik,Fermeglia, Maurizio,Posocco, Paola,Pricl, Sabrina,Banfi, Elena,Scialino, Giuditta,Vio, Luciano
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experimental part
p. 4693 - 4707
(2009/10/24)
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- Novel pyrrolidine ureas as C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) antagonists
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Monocyte infiltration is implicated in a variety of diseases including multiple myeloma, rheumatoid arthritis, and multiple sclerosis. C-C chemokine receptor 1 (CCR1) is a chemokine receptor that upon stimulation, particularly by macrophage inflammatory protein 1a (MIP-1a) and regulated on normal T-cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), mediates monocyte trafficking to sites of inflammation. High throughput screening of our combinatorial collection identified a novel, moderately potent CCR1 antagonist 3. The library hit 3 was optimized to the advanced lead compound 4. Compound 4 inhibited CCR1 mediated chemotaxis of monocytes with an IC50 of 20 nM. In addition, the compound was highly selective over other chemokine receptors. It had good microsomal stability when incubated with rat and human liver microsomes and showed no significant cytochrome P450 (CYP) inhibition. Pharmacokinetic evaluation of the compound in the rat showed good oral bioavailability.
- Merritt, J. Robert,Liu, Jinqi,Quadros, Elizabeth,Morris, Michelle L.,Liu, Ruiyan,Zhang, Rui,Jacob, Biji,Postelnek, Jennifer,Hicks, Catherine M.,Chen, Weiqing,Kimble, Earl F.,Rogers, W. Lynn,O'Brien, Linda,White, Nicole,Desai, Hema,Bansal, Shalini,King, George,Ohlmeyer, Michael J.,Appell, Kenneth C.,Webb, Maria L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1295 - 1301
(2009/12/07)
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- SUBSTITUTED QUINOLINE COMPOUNDS
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This invention relates to MTP/Apo-B secretion inhibitors of Formula (I) wherein R1-R7, X1, m and n are as defined in the specification, as well as pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of use of the compounds and compositions. The compounds of the invention are useful in treating obesity and associated diseases, conditions or disorders.
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Page/Page column 111
(2008/06/13)
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- TACHYKININ RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS
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The present invention relates to selective NK-1 receptor antagonists of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for the treatment of disorders associated with an excess of tachykinins.
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- Indole-type inhibitors of p38 kinase
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The invention is directed to inhibition of p38-a kinase using compounds of the formula and the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition thereof, wherein Ar is an aryl group substituted with 0-5 non-interfering substituents, wherein two adjacent noninterfering substituents can form a fused aromatic or nonaromatic ring; L1 and L2 are linkers; X is an aliphatic monocyclic or aliphatic polycyclic moiety optionally comprising one or more hetero ring atoms wherein the cyclic moiety may be optionally substituted with one or more noninterfering substituents and where said optional substituents may constitute a ring fused to X; n is 0-3; each R1 is hydrogen or a noninterfering substituent; ?represents a single or double bond; one Z2 is CA or CR2A; the other Z2 is CR3, CR32, NR4 or N; and each R2, R3 and R4 is independently hydrogen or a noninterfering substituent; Z3 is NR5 or O; where R5 is hydrogen or a noninterfering substituent; A is —Wi—COXjY, where Y is COR6 or an isostere thereof, each of W and X is a spacer of 2-6 ?; each of i and j is independently 0 or 1; and R6 is a noninterfering substituent; and wherein the smallest number of covalent bonds in the compound separating the atom of Ar linked to L2 and the atom of the α ring linked to L1 is at least 5, each said bond having a bond length of 1.2 to 2.0 angstroms; and/or the distance in space between the atom of Ar linked to L2 and the atom of the α ring linked to L1 is 4.5-24 angstroms; and with the proviso that the portion of the compound represented by L2—X—L1 is not: ?where L2 and L1 are linkers; Z1 is CR or N wherein R is hydrogen or a non-interfering substituent; each R1 is independently a non-interfering substituent; and each of l and k is 0-3; and m is 0-4.
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- Facile preparation of N-methyl secondary amines by titanium(IV) isopropoxide-mediated reductive animation of carbonyl compounds
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A simple, mild and efficient procedure for obtaining N-methyl secondary amines from aldehydes and ketones is reported. Treatment of carbonyl compounds with methylamine hydrochloride, triethylamine and titanium(IV) isopropoxide, followed by in situ sodium borohydride reduction and straightforward aqueous work-up, affords clean products in good to excellent yields.
- Neidigh, Kurt A.,Avery, Mitchell A.,Williamson, John S.,Bhattacharyya, Sukanta
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p. 2527 - 2531
(2007/10/03)
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- Antifolate agents
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2,4-Diamino-5-phenylpyrimidines in the form of the free base or an acid addition salt thereof are provided having the structural formula (I): STR1 wherein R1 is an alkoxy, aralkoxy or a mono-substituted or disubstituted amino group, R2 is a nitro group, and R3 is an alkyl group. The compounds act as antifolate agents and are useful for therapeutic treatment, for example as antitumour agents, antipsoriatic agents, antibacterial agents, antitrypanosomal agents and antimalarial agents. Pharmaceutical preparations comprising these compounds for administration to mammals, and methods for preparing the compounds, are disclosed. Particularly useful new compounds, especially for antitumour therapy, have the structural formula IA: STR2 in which formula IA: n is 1-6; R1 represents hydrogen or alkyl; R4, R5 and R6, which may be identical or different, each represnt hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, halo, nitro, perfluoroalkyl, a group of formula --CO2 Ra wherein Ra represents hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxyalkyl, or a group of formula --COBRb Rc wherein Rb and Rc which may be identical or different each represent alkyl; and R3 represents alkyl.
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- Quantitative structure-activity relationship of the mutagenicity of substituted N-nitroso-N-benzylmethylamines: Possible implications of carcinogenicity
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The relative mutagenicities of substituted N-nitroso-N-benzylmethylamines have been reexamined from a quantitative structure-activity relationship point of view. Most of the compounds were mutagenic toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 with Aroclor-induced male hamster liver S9 activation. The dose-response data were subjected to a multiple linear regression equation calculated in a stepwise manner, which found that the differences in mutagenicities could be explained primarily by differences in the three-bond path molecular connectivity index, with smaller contributions from σ and π. Moreover, a polynomial regression analysis showed that the maximum mutagenicity could be explained by an optimal amount of electron withdrawal by the substituent which could cause a weakening, or activation, of the methylene C-H bond. The possible relevance of these observations to carcinogenesis is discussed.
- Singer,Andrews,Guo
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-
- Mutagenicity and Chemistry of N-Nitroso-N-(p-substituted-benzyl)methylamines
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The relative mutagenicities of N-nitroso-N-(p-substituted-benzyl)methylamines in Salmonella typhimurium TA 1535 were tested in order to determine whether biological activity is affected by the electron density at a nitrosamine α carbon.The order of potency was as follows: X = Cl > CN > Br > NO2 > H > CH3O > CH3 > F >> COOH.No direct correlation was apparent, nor was there obvious correlation between biological activity and the extent of base-catalysed hydrogen-deuterium exchange at the α-carbons.
- Singer, George M.,Andrews, A.W.
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p. 309 - 312
(2007/10/02)
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- Folate Antagonists. 18. Synthesis and Antimalarial Effects of N6-(Arylmethyl)-N6-methyl-2,4,6-pteridinetriamines and Related N6,N6-Disubstituted 2,4,6-Pteridinetriamines
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N6-(Arylmethyl)-N6-methyl-2,4,6-pteridinetriamines (1-5) and related N6-substituted 2,4,6-pteridinetriamines (16-20) were obtained by the condensation of 6-chloro-2,4-pteridinediamine with methylarylmethanamine and other selected secondary amines.The requisite N-methylarylmethanamines (21-32) were prepared by the hydrogenation over Pt/C of the corresponding arylcarboxaldehyde in the presence of methanamine.Several of the N6-(arylmethyl)-N6-methyl-2,4,6-pteridinetriamines exhibited exceptional suppressive antimalarial activity against a drug-sensitive line of Plasmodium berghei in mice.N6-Methyl-N6-(1-naphthalenylmethyl)-2,4,6-pteridinetriamine (9), the most active of those compounds, was also shown to be curative at 3.16 mg/kg in a single oral dose against P. cynomolgi in the rhesus monkey.This compound was also shown to be effective against a chloroquine-resistant line of P. berghei in the mouse but showed cross-resistance to a pyrimethamine-resistant strain.Most of the 2,4,6-pteridinetriamines showed strong antibacterial action against Streptococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Elslager, Edward F.,Johnson, Judith L.,Werbel, Leslie M.
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p. 140 - 145
(2007/10/02)
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