- Study on crystal morphology of penicillin sulfoxide in different solvents using binding energy
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The binding energy of the solvent is an important factor in crystal morphology. In this study, binding energies of water, ethyl acetate, and butyl acetate on specific surfaces of penicillin sulfoxide were evaluated. Molecular modeling techniques based on the adsorption of solvent molecules on specific crystal surfaces were utilized to determine the binding energies. Our results show a strong association between the absolute value of the binding energy and crystallization. The results predicted by molecular modeling are well-fitted with experimental results. Efficient solvent selection and production process optimization were successfully achieved by using the methodology developed in this paper. Our study illustrates a novel strategy that can be used for the investigation of solvent effects.
- Jing, Dingding,Liu, Ailing,Wang, Jingkang,Xia, Huiming
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- Selective oxidation of penicillin G with hydrogen peroxide and with enzymatically generated peroxyoctanoic acid
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Two convenient procedures for the oxidation of penicillin G into penicillin G 1-(s)-oxide have been developed.Both the mild oxidation with enzymatically generated peroxyoctanoic acid and the attractive and simple oxidation with the sole use of hydrogen peroxide are valuable alternatives for the commercial oxidation with 40percent peroxyacetic acid.
- Zoete, M. C. de,Rantwijk, F. van,Maat, L.,Sheldon, R. A.
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- Industrial production method for preparing penicillin sulfoxide by continuously oxidizing penicillin
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The invention discloses an industrial production method for preparing penicillin sulfoxide by continuously oxidizing penicillin, and belongs to the field of pharmaceutical chemicals; a continuous reaction method is adopted, a penicillin solution and peracetic acid or other oxidants simultaneously flow into a mixer or a microreactor according to a certain proportion, and a penicillin sulfoxide solution is obtained by reaction at high temperature and in short time; the method can be used for an oxidation process of a process for preparing penicillin sulfoxide by taking penicillin fermentation liquor, filtrate, BA, RB, penicillin industrial salt and the like as initial raw materials, and solves the problem that the reaction temperature and the reaction time are influenced by mass transfer and low heat transfer efficiency of batch reaction; therefore, the problems of poor reaction liquid quality and low reaction yield are solved, and the yield of penicillin sulfoxide is high.
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Paragraph 0035-0042; 0045-0052
(2021/08/07)
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- Determination of optimal operation conditions for production of cephalosporin g from penicillin g potassium
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Cephalosporin G (Ceph-G) is one of the most important components for producing β-lactam antibiotics. It is also a starting material for the synthesis of cephalosporin antibiotics. Ceph-G was produced from penicillin G potassium (Pen-G.K.) during multiple steps consisting of conversion of Pen-G.K. to penicillin G sulfoxide followed by dehydration and ring expansion to produce Ceph-G. In this work, the amount of all starting materials and stoichiometric ratios were balanced, and the optimum values were determined. In addition, the process was optimized to evaluate the parameters affecting the scale-up of our test apparatus from laboratory to pilot scale. Difficulties for the industrial production of Ceph-G have been considered, and the production cost has been considerably decreased. In this research, Ceph-G with high purity more than 98% and high yield more than 94% was obtained.
- Salehpour, Pooneh,Yegani, Reza,Hajmohammadi, Reza
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p. 1507 - 1512
(2013/02/23)
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