- Chemical insights in the concept of hybrid drugs: The antitumor effect of nitric oxide-donating aspirin involves a quinone methide but not nitric oxide nor aspirin
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Hybrid drug 1 (NO-ASA) continues to attract intense research from chemists and biologists alike. It consists of ASA and a -ONO2 group connected through a spacer and is in preclinical development as an antitumor drug. We report that, contrary to current beliefs, neither ASA nor NO contributes to this antitumor effect. Rather, an unsubstituted QM was identified as the sole cytotoxic agent. QM forms from 1 after carboxylic ester hydrolysis and, in accordance with the HSAB theory, selectively reacts with cellular GSH, which in turn triggers cell death. Remarkably, a derivative lacking ASA and the -ONO 2 group is 10 times more effective than 1. Thus, our data provide a conclusive molecular mechanism for the antitumor activity of 1. Equally importantly, we show for the first time that a "presumed invisible" linker in a hybrid drug is not so invisible after all and is in fact solely responsible for the biological effect.
- Hulsman, Niels,Medema, Jan Paul,Bos, Carina,Jongejan, Aldo,Leurs, Rob,Smit, Martine J.,De Esch, Iwan J. P.,Richel, Dick,Wijtmans, Maikel
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p. 2424 - 2431
(2008/02/03)
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- Drugs for diabetes
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Use for the diabetes treatment of compounds or salts thereof, having the following general formula (I): A-(B)b0—(C)c0—NO2 wherein A contains the radical of a drug having an antiiflammatory or analgesic activity, B is a bivalen: linking group wherein the precursor must meet the tests described in the application, C is a a bivalent linking group as defined in the invention.
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- Nitroderivatives as drugs for diseases having an inflammatory basis
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Use for the treatment of diseases having an inflammatory basis of compounds or salts thereof, having the following general formula (I): A-Xt-L-(W)p—NO2 wherein A contains the radical of a drug, Xt and W arc bivalent radicals, L, is a covalent bond or oxygen, sulphur, NRtc wherein Rtc is H or a C1-C5 linear or branched alkyl.
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- Nitric oxide-donating non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs: The case of nitroderivatives of aspirin
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Nitric oxide (NO) acts as a key signalling mechanism in a number of cells and tissues in the mammalian organism. Modulation of the biosynthesis of NO has emerged to be relevant to the treatment of a variety of human diseases. In the attempt to reduce the serious side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), especially in the gastrointestinal tract, a NO-releasing moiety has been linked to conventional NSAIDs. A prototypical example is that of NO-releasing derivatives of aspirin. Thanks to the cytoprotective action of NO such compounds do not produce gastric damage and are emerging as an interesting novel group of drugs for their unique pharmacological properties.
- Chiroli, Valerio,Benedini, Francesca,Ongini, Ennio,Del Soldato, Piero
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p. 441 - 446
(2007/10/03)
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