- Identification and Optimization of Novel Small-Molecule Cas9 Inhibitors by Cell-Based High-Throughput Screening
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CRISPR/Cas9 has revolutionized several areas of life science; however, methods to control the Cas9 activity are needed for both scientific and therapeutic applications. Anti-CRISPR proteins are known to inhibit the CRISPR/Cas adaptive immunity; however, in vivo delivery of such proteins is problematic. Instead, small-molecule Cas9 inhibitors could serve as useful tools due to their permeable, proteolytically stable, and non-immunogenic nature. Here, we identified a small-molecule ligand with anti-CRISPR/Cas9 activity through a high-throughput screening utilizing an Escherichia coli selection system. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies, which involved a deconstruction-reconstruction strategy, resulted in a range of analogues with significant improvements in the inhibitory activity. Based on NMR and electrophoretic mobility shift assays, we propose that the inhibitory action of these compounds likely results from direct binding to apo-Cas9, preventing Cas9:gRNA complex formation. These molecules may find use as Cas9 modulators in various applications.
- Lee, Sang-Woo,Tran, Kim Tai,Vazquez-Uribe, Ruben,Gotfredsen, Charlotte Held,Clausen, Mads Hartvig,Mendez, Blanca Lopez,Montoya, Guillermo,Bach, Anders,Sommer, Morten Otto Alexander
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p. 3266 - 3305
(2022/02/23)
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- Remarkably Efficient Iridium Catalysts for Directed C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H Borylation of Diverse Classes of Substrates
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Here we describe the discovery of a new class of C-H borylation catalysts and their use for regioselective C-H borylation of aromatic, heteroaromatic, and aliphatic systems. The new catalysts have Ir-C(thienyl) or Ir-C(furyl) anionic ligands instead of the diamine-type neutral chelating ligands used in the standard C-H borylation conditions. It is reported that the employment of these newly discovered catalysts show excellent reactivity and ortho-selectivity for diverse classes of aromatic substrates with high isolated yields. Moreover, the catalysts proved to be efficient for a wide number of aliphatic substrates for selective C(sp3)-H bond borylations. Heterocyclic molecules are selectively borylated using the inherently elevated reactivity of the C-H bonds. A number of late-stage C-H functionalization have been described using the same catalysts. Furthermore, we show that one of the catalysts could be used even in open air for the C(sp2)-H and C(sp3)-H borylations enabling the method more general. Preliminary mechanistic studies suggest that the active catalytic intermediate is the Ir(bis)boryl complex, and the attached ligand acts as bidentate ligand. Collectively, this study underlines the discovery of new class of C-H borylation catalysts that should find wide application in the context of C-H functionalization chemistry.
- Chattopadhyay, Buddhadeb,Hassan, Mirja Md Mahamudul,Hoque, Md Emdadul
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supporting information
p. 5022 - 5037
(2021/05/04)
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- Design and synthesis of N-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)amides as Trypanosoma brucei leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitors
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The protozoan parasite Trypanosoma brucei (T. brucei) causes human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), which is a fatal and neglected disease in the tropic areas, and new treatments are urgently needed. Leucyl-tRNA synthetase (LeuRS) is an attractive target for the development of antimicrobial agents. In this work, starting from the hit compound thiourea ZCL539, we designed and synthesized a series of amides as effective T. brucei LeuRS (TbLeuRS) synthetic site inhibitors. The most potent compounds 74 and 91 showed IC50 of 0.24 and 0.25 μM, which were about 700-fold more potent than the starting hit compound. The structure-activity relationship was also discussed. These compounds provided a new scaffold and lead compounds for further development of antitrypanosomal agents.
- Li, Zezhong,Xin, Weixiang,Wang, Qing,Zhu, Mingyan,Zhou, Huchen
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- Ni-Catalyzed Aryl Sulfide Synthesis through an Aryl Exchange Reaction
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A Ni-catalyzed aryl sulfide synthesis through an aryl exchange reaction between aryl sulfides and a variety of aryl electrophiles was developed. By using 2-pyridyl sulfide as a sulfide donor, this reaction achieved the synthesis of aryl sulfides without using odorous and toxic thiols. The use of a Ni/dcypt catalyst capable of cleaving and forming aryl-S bonds was important for the aryl exchange reaction between 2-pyridyl sulfides and aryl electrophiles, which include aromatic esters, arenol derivatives, and aryl halides. Mechanistic studies revealed that Ni/dcypt can simultaneously undergo oxidative additions of aryl sulfides and aromatic esters, followed by ligand exchange between the generated aryl-Ni-SR and aryl-Ni-OAr species to furnish aryl exchanged compounds.
- Isshiki, Ryota,Kurosawa, Miki B.,Muto, Kei,Yamaguchi, Junichiro
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supporting information
p. 10333 - 10340
(2021/07/21)
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- Facile Synthesis of Alkylidene Phthalides by Rhodium-Catalyzed Domino C?H Acylation/Annulation of Benzamides with Aliphatic Carboxylic Acids
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The Rh-catalyzed ortho-C(sp2)?H functionalization of 8-aminoquinoline-derived benzamides with aliphatic acyl fluorides generated in situ from the corresponding acids has been developed. This reaction initiated with 8-aminoquinoline-directed ortho-C(sp2)?H acylation, which was accompanied by subsequent intramolecular nucleophilic acyl substitution of amide group to produce alkylidene phthalides This approach exhibits high stereo-selectivity for Z-isomer products, and tolerates a variety of functional groups as well as aliphatic carboxylic acids with diverse structural scaffolds.
- Liu, Sien,He, Bangyue,Li, Hongyi,Zhang, Xiaofeng,Shang, Yaping,Su, Weiping
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supporting information
p. 15628 - 15633
(2021/10/05)
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- Cu-Catalyzed C-H Alkenylation of Benzoic Acid and Acrylic Acid Derivatives with Vinyl Boronates
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An efficient Cu-catalyzed C-H alkenylation with acyclic and cyclic vinyl boronates was realized for the first time under mild conditions. The scope of the vinyl borons and the compatibility with functional groups including heterocycles are superior than Pd-catalyzed C-H coupling with vinyl borons, providing a reliable access to multisubstituted alkenes and dienes. Subsequent hydrogenation of the product from the internal vinyl borons will lead to installation of secondary alkyls.
- Li, Jian-Jun,Wang, Cheng-Gang,Yu, Jin-Feng,Wang, Peng,Wang, Peng,Yu, Jin-Quan
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supporting information
p. 4692 - 4696
(2020/06/25)
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- PFKFB3 INHIBITORS AND THEIR USES
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This disclosure relates to new phthalimide and isoindolinone derivatives and other PFKFB3 inhibitors for use in the treatment of diseases. The invention further relates to pharmaceutical compositions containing such PFKFB3 inhibitors, methods of preparation thereof, methods for their use as therapeutic agents, and methods of preparation of a medicament for use in therapy, as well as kits and other inventiions comprising such PFKFB3 inhibitors. These PFKFB3 inhibitors are useful for the treatment and prophylaxis of cancer, neurodegenerative diseases, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory disorders, multiple sclerosis, metabolic diseases, inhibition of angiogenesis and other diseases and conditions, where the modulation of PFKFB3 and/or PFKFB4 has beneficial effect as well as neuroprotection.
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Page/Page column 202
(2020/05/21)
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- Rhodium-Catalyzed Alkylation of C?H Bonds in Aromatic Amides with Non-activated 1-Alkenes: The Possible Generation of Carbene Intermediates from Alkenes
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The alkylation of C?H bonds (hydroarylation) in aromatic amides with non-activated 1-alkenes using a rhodium catalyst and assisted by an 8-aminoquinoline directing group is reported. The addition of a carboxylic acid is crucial for the success of this reaction. The results of deuterium-labeling experiments indicate that one of deuterium atoms in the alkene is missing, suggesting that the reaction does not proceed through the commonly accepted mechanism for C?H alkylation reactions. Instead the reaction is proposed to proceed through a carbene mechanism. The carbene mechanism is also supported by preliminary DFT calculations.
- Yamaguchi, Takuma,Natsui, Satoko,Shibata, Kaname,Yamazaki, Ken,Rej, Supriya,Ano, Yusuke,Chatani, Naoto
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supporting information
p. 6915 - 6919
(2019/05/10)
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- Ligand-Promoted RhIII-Catalyzed Thiolation of Benzamides with a Broad Disulfide Scope
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A ligand-promoted RhIII-catalyzed C(sp2)?H activation/thiolation of benzamides has been developed. Using bidentate mono-N-protected amino acid ligands led to the first example of RhIII-catalyzed aryl thiolation reactions directed by weakly coordinating directing amide groups. The reaction tolerates a broad range of amides and disulfide reagents.
- Kang, Yan-Shang,Zhang, Ping,Li, Min-Yan,Chen, You-Ke,Xu, Hua-Jin,Zhao, Jing,Sun, Wei-Yin,Yu, Jin-Quan,Lu, Yi
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supporting information
p. 9099 - 9103
(2019/06/13)
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- Retention of chirality of 5-membered alicyclic α-amino acids bearing N-(2-phenyl)benzoyl group in photoinduced decarboxylative intermolecular radical addition to acrylonitrile
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Photoinduced decarboxylative radical additions of 5-membered alicyclic α-amino acids bearing a (2-phenyl)benzoyl protective group to acrylonitrile under mild organic photoredox catalysis conditions furnished γ-amino acid derivatives with high retention of chirality via the memory of chirality (MOC) strategy. The retention of chirality in the photoinduced decarboxylation was strongly dependent on the structure of the alicyclic α-amino acids and alkenes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first example of the decarboxylative intermolecular radical addition to alkenes with retention of chirality at the position of radical generation using the MOC strategy.
- Ozaki, Yui,Yamada, Tomoaki,Mizuno, Taisei,Osaka, Kazuyuki,Yamawaki, Mugen,Maeda, Hajime,Morita, Toshio,Yoshimi, Yasuharu
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- PROCESS FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE TYPE 1 INHIBITORS
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The present invention is directed to a process for the manufacture of a compound of formula (I) wherein Y is CHR7, CR7R8 or O, n is 0, 1 or 2, R1 and R2 are independently of each other selected from the group consisting of H, F, Cl, methyl and ethyl, and R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 and, R8 are independently of each other selected from H or C1-C6-alkyl. The compounds of formula (I) are 11-beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitors and can be used to reduce Cortisol levels in keratinocytes and to improve dermal collagen content in human skin after exposure to cortisone and UV.
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Page/Page column 20; 23-31
(2019/07/19)
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- Controllable construction of isoquinolinedione and isocoumarin scaffolds: Via RhIII-catalyzed C-H annulation of N -tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds
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A highly efficient protocol for the synthesis of isoquinolinediones by RhIII-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation/decarboxylation of N-tosylbenzamides with diazo compounds is reported. The switchable synthesis of isocoumarins was also achieved successfully via C-H activation/annulation with slight modification of the reaction conditions. Importantly, the synthetic utility of this new reaction was further demonstrated in an atom-economical and operationally convenient total synthesis of a TDP2 inhibitor derivative from commercially available starting materials.
- Liu, Yanfei,Wu, Jiaping,Qian, Baiyang,Shang, Yongjia
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supporting information
p. 8768 - 8777
(2019/10/16)
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- A multidisciplinary study of 3-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazole derivatives as glycogen phosphorylase inhibitors: Computation, synthesis, crystallography and kinetics reveal new potent inhibitors
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3-(β-D-Glucopyranosyl)-5-substituted-1,2,4-triazoles have been revealed as an effective scaffold for the development of potent glycogen phosphorylase (GP) inhibitors but with the potency very sensitive to the nature of the alkyl/aryl 5-substituent (Kun et al., Eur. J. Med. Chem. 2014, 76, 567). For a training set of these ligands, quantum mechanics-polarized ligand docking (QM-PLD) demonstrated good potential to identify larger differences in potencies (predictive index PI = 0.82) and potent inhibitors with Ki's 10 μM (AU-ROC = 0.86). Accordingly, in silico screening of 2335 new analogues exploiting the ZINC docking database was performed and nine predicted candidates selected for synthesis. The compounds were prepared in O-perbenzoylated forms by either ring transformation of 5-β-D-glucopyranosyl tetrazole by N-benzyl-arenecarboximidoyl chlorides, ring closure of C-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)formamidrazone with aroyl chlorides, or that of N-(β-D-glucopyranosylcarbonyl)arenethiocarboxamides by hydrazine, followed by deprotections. Kinetics experiments against rabbit muscle GPb (rmGPb) and human liver GPa (hlGPa) revealed five compounds as potent low μM inhibitors with three of these on the submicromolar range for rmGPa. X-ray crystallographic analysis sourced the potency to a combination of favorable interactions from the 1,2,4-triazole and suitable aryl substituents in the GP catalytic site. The compounds also revealed promising calculated pharmacokinetic profiles.
- Kun, Sándor,Begum, Jaida,Kyriakis, Efthimios,Stamati, Evgenia C.V.,Barkas, Thomas A.,Szennyes, Eszter,Bokor, éva,Szabó, Katalin E.,Stravodimos, George A.,Sipos, ádám,Docsa, Tibor,Gergely, Pál,Moffatt, Colin,Patraskaki, Myrto S.,Kokolaki, Maria C.,Gkerdi, Alkistis,Skamnaki, Vassiliki T.,Leonidas, Demetres D.,Somsák, László,Hayes, Joseph M.
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supporting information
p. 266 - 278
(2018/02/19)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of oxazolidone derivatives as highly potent N-acylethanolamine acid amidase (NAAA) inhibitors
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N-Acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA) is a lysosomal enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of endogenous fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs), such as N-palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). PEA exhibits anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities by engaging peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPAR-α). Preventing PEA degradation by inhibition of NAAA has been proposed as a novel strategy for the treatment of inflammation and pain. In the present study, we reported the discovery of the oxazolidone derivative as a novel scaffold for NAAA inhibitors, and studied the structure-activity relationship (SAR) by modification of the side chain and terminal lipophilic substituents. The results showed that the link chain length of C5, straight and saturated linkages were the preferred shape patterns for NAAA inhibition. Several nanomolar NAAA inhibitors were described, including 2f, 3h, 3i and 3j with IC50 values of 270 nM, 150 nM, 100 nM and 190 nM, respectively. Enzymatic degradation studies suggested that 2f inhibited NAAA in a selective, noncompetitive and reversible pattern. Moreover, 2f showed high anti-inflammatory and analgesic activities after systemic and oral administration.
- Ren, Jie,Li, Yuhang,Ke, Hongwei,Li, Yanting,Yang, Longhe,Yu, Helin,Huang, Rui,Lu, Canzhong,Qiu, Yan
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p. 12455 - 12463
(2017/03/11)
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- Chelation-Assisted Nickel-Catalyzed Oxidative Annulation via Double C-H Activation/Alkyne Insertion Reaction
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A nickel/NHC system for regioselective oxidative annulation by double C-H bond activation and concomitant alkyne insertion is described. The catalytic reaction requires a bidentate directing group, such as an 8-aminoquinoline, embedded in the substrate. Various 5,6,7,8-tetrasubstituted-N-(quinolin-8-yl)-1-naphthamides can be prepared as well as phenanthrene and benzo[h]quinoline amide derivatives. Diarylalkynes, dialkylalkynes, and arylalkylalkynes can be used in the system. A Ni0/NiII catalytic cycle is proposed as the main catalytic cycle. The alkyne plays a double role as a two-component coupling partner and as a hydrogen acceptor. In two shakes: Oxidative annulation by a double C-H activation/alkyne insertion reaction was achieved by a nickel/NHC system. A Ni0/NiII catalytic cycle is proposed as the main catalytic cycle. The alkyne plays a double role as a two-component coupling partner and as a hydrogen acceptor.
- Misal Castro, Luis C.,Obata, Atsushi,Aihara, Yoshinori,Chatani, Naoto
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supporting information
p. 1362 - 1367
(2016/01/25)
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- Structure-Based Design and Synthesis of Novel Inhibitors Targeting HDAC8 from Schistosoma mansoni for the Treatment of Schistosomiasis
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Schistosomiasis is a major neglected parasitic disease that affects more than 265 million people worldwide and for which the control strategy consists of mass treatment with the only available drug, praziquantel. In this study, a series of new benzohydroxamates were prepared as potent inhibitors of Schistosoma mansoni histone deacetylase 8 (smHDAC8). Crystallographic analysis provided insights into the inhibition mode of smHDAC8 activity by these 3-amidobenzohydroxamates. The newly designed inhibitors were evaluated in screens for enzyme inhibitory activity against schistosome and human HDACs. Twenty-seven compounds were found to be active in the nanomolar range, and some of them showed selectivity toward smHDAC8 over the major human HDACs (1 and 6). The active benzohydroxamates were additionally screened for lethality against the schistosome larval stage using a fluorescence-based assay. Four of these showed significant dose-dependent killing of the schistosome larvae and markedly impaired egg laying of adult worm pairs maintained in culture.
- Heimburg, Tino,Chakrabarti, Alokta,Lancelot, Julien,Marek, Martin,Melesina, Jelena,Hauser, Alexander-Thomas,Shaik, Tajith B.,Duclaud, Sylvie,Robaa, Dina,Erdmann, Frank,Schmidt, Matthias,Romier, Christophe,Pierce, Raymond J.,Jung, Manfred,Sippl, Wolfgang
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supporting information
p. 2423 - 2435
(2016/04/10)
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- Rh(III)-Catalyzed Redox-Neutral Annulation of Primary Benzamides with Diazo Compounds: Approach to Isoquinolinones
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Reported herein is a Rh-catalyzed redox-neutral annulation of primary benzamides with diazo compounds, representing an efficient and economic protocol to isoquinolinones. The procedure exhibited good functional group tolerability, scalability, and regioselectivity, obviating the need for oxidants, and only environmentally benign N2 and H2O were released. Further utilization of the method provided an alternative route to functionalized isoquinolines.
- Wu, Youzhi,Sun, Peng,Zhang, Kaifan,Yang, Tie,Yao, Hequan,Lin, Aijun
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p. 2166 - 2173
(2016/03/15)
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- Development of 4,5-dihydro-benzodiazepinone derivatives as a new chemical series of BRD4 inhibitors
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Bromodomains (BRDs) are protein interaction modules that selectively recognize ?-N-lysine residues, serving as key epigenetic readers and play a key role in epigenetic regulation of gene transcription. Bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4), a protein containing two BRDs termed BD1 and BD2, has emerged as an attractive candidate for the development of inhibitors targeting gene transcription in several types of cancers. In this study, we made structural modifications of previously reported BRD4 inhibitors, to develop new chemical scaffold 3,4-dihydroquinoxalin-2(1H)-one. Four series of compounds (compounds 7e10) were synthesized, and the BRD4-inhibitory activity and anti-proliferative effect of these compounds were evaluated. We found compound 10d has remarkable anti-proliferative activities toward leukemia cells and could induce apoptosis by mitochondrial pathways. Notably, the analysis of molecular docking suggested that hydrophobic interaction was essential for compound 10d to bind to BD1. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the potential of compound 10d to be utilized as a BRD4 inhibitor with apoptosis inducing effect in future leukemia therapy.
- Li, Jie,Wang, Peiqi,Zhou, Bihui,Shi, Jianyou,Liu, Jie,Li, Xiangrong,Fan, Limei,Zheng, Yaxin,Ouyang, Liang
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p. 294 - 299
(2016/07/06)
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- HETERO-CYCLIC COMPOUND AND ORGANIC LIGHT EMITTING DEVICE COMPRISING THE SAME
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The present specification provides a heterocyclic compound and an organic light emitting device comprising the same. The compound is represented by chemical formula 1. According to at least one embodiment, the compound is capable of improving efficiency of an organic light emitting device, low driving voltage, and/or lifespan properties.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2016
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Paragraph 0228-0230
(2016/10/27)
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- De-novo designed library of benzoylureas as inhibitors of BCL-X L: Synthesis, structural and biochemical characterization
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The prosurvival BCL-2 proteins are attractive yet challenging targets for medicinal chemists. Their involvement in the initiation and progression of many, if not all, tumors makes them prime targets for developing new anticancer therapies. We present our approach based on de novo structure-based drug design. Using known structural information from complexes engaging opposing members of the BCL-2 family of proteins, we designed peptidomimetic compounds using a benzoylurea scaffold to reproduce key interactions between these proteins. A library stemming from the initial de novo designed scaffold led to the discovery of ligands with low micromolar potency (KD = 4 μM) and selectivity for BCL-XL. These compounds bind in the canonical BH3 binding groove in a binding mode distinct from previously known BCL-2 inhibitors. The results of our study provide insight into the design of a new class of antagonists targeting a challenging class of protein-protein interactions.
- Brady, Ryan M.,Vom, Amelia,Roy, Michael J.,Toovey, Nathan,Smith, Brian J.,Moss, Rebecca M.,Hatzis, Effie,Huang, David C. S.,Parisot, John P.,Yang, Hong,Street, Ian P.,Colman, Peter M.,Czabotar, Peter E.,Baell, Jonathan B.,Lessene, Guillaume
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p. 1323 - 1343
(2014/03/21)
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- Mild rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H allylation with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones: Direct and stereoselective synthesis of (E)-allylic alcohols
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A rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H direct allylation reaction with 4-vinyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-ones has been developed. The reaction provides a facile and stereoselective access to substituted-(E)-allylic alcohols under mild and redox-neutral reaction conditions. Olefinic C-H activation is applicable, giving multifunctionalized skipped dienes in good yields. Minimal double-bond migration was observed.
- Zhang, Shang-Shi,Wu, Jia-Qiang,Lao, Ye-Xing,Liu, Xu-Ge,Liu, Yao,Lv, Wen-Xin,Tan, Dong-Hang,Zeng, Yao-Fu,Wang, Honggen
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supporting information
p. 6412 - 6415
(2015/01/09)
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- Rhodium(III)-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation with vinyl esters as an acetylene equivalent
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The behavior of electron-rich alkenes in rhodium-catalyzed C-H activation/annulation reactions is investigated. Vinyl acetate emerges as a convenient acetylene equivalent, facilitating the synthesis of sixteen 3,4-unsubstituted isoquinolones, as well as select heteroaryl-fused pyridones. The complementary regiochemical preferences of enol ethers versus enol esters/enamides is discussed.
- Webb, Nicola J.,Marsden, Stephen P.,Raw, Steven A.
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supporting information
p. 4718 - 4721
(2015/04/27)
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- Nickel-catalyzed direct alkylation of C-H bonds in benzamides and acrylamides with functionalized alkyl halides via bidentate-chelation assistance
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The alkylation of the ortho C-H bonds in benzamides and acrylamides containing an 8-aminoquinoline moiety as a bidentate directing group with unactivated alkyl halides using nickel complexes as catalysts is described. The reaction shows high functional group compatibility. In reactions of meta-substituted aromatic amides, the reaction proceeds in a highly selective manner at the less hindered C-H bond.
- Aihara, Yoshinori,Chatani, Naoto
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supporting information
p. 5308 - 5311
(2013/05/21)
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- Iridium(iii) complexes with enhanced film amorphism as guests for efficient orange solution-processed single-layer PhOLEDs with low efficiency roll-off
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By introducing a phenyl substituent into the meta-site of the phenyl segment of the 2-phenylbenzothiazole ligand, two novel orange iridium(iii) complexes, namely, (3Phbt)2Ir(acac) and (3OMePhbt) 2Ir(acac), have been synthesized. Compared with their parent compound (bt)2Ir(acac), both of them possess much enhanced thermostability and film amorphism, making them suitable candidates as guests for high performance solution-processed phosphorescent organic light-emitting diodes (PhOLEDs). However, (4Phbt)2Ir(acac) bearing para-phenyl possesses worse processability relative to (bt)2Ir(acac) due to spontaneous crystallization stemming from the intense intermolecular interactions. Single-layer solution-processed PhOLEDs with (3Phbt)2Ir(acac) and (3OMePhbt)2Ir(acac) as guests show peak current efficiency of 17.2 cd A-1 and 15.2 cd A-1, and maximum brightness of 28 270 cd m-2 and 27 900 cd m-2, respectively. Both are greatly improved compared to the devices employing (bt)2Ir(acac) (10.2 cd A-1 and 14 350 cd m-2) and (4Phbt)2Ir(acac) (5.0 cd A-1 and 13 790 cd m-2) as phosphors. Moreover, quite low efficiency roll-off is acquired in these devices at high luminance. The much improved electroluminescence performances of these objective complexes could be mainly attributed to the presence of a rigid phenyl on the appropriate substitution site of the cyclometallate ligand, which leads to improved thermostability with compatible alleviated intermolecular interactions, and consequently enhanced film amorphism.
- Dai, Jun,Zhou, Kaifeng,Li, Ming,Sun, Huiqin,Chen, Yunqing,Su, Shijian,Pu, Xuemei,Huang, Yan,Lu, Zhiyun
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p. 10559 - 10571
(2013/07/26)
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- Pd(II)-catalyzed ortho trifluoromethylation of arenes and insights into the coordination mode of acidic amide directing groups
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A Pd(II)-catalyzed trifluoromethylation of ortho C-H bonds with an array of N-arylbenzamides derived from benzoic acids is reported. N-Methylformamide has been identified as a crucial promoter of C-CF3 bond formation from the Pd center. X-ray characterization of the C-H insertion intermediate has revealed a rare coordination mode of acidic amides as directing groups and the origin of their capacity in directing C-H activation.
- Zhang, Xing-Guo,Dai, Hui-Xiong,Wasa, Masayuki,Yu, Jin-Quan
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supporting information; scheme or table
p. 11948 - 11951
(2012/09/08)
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- Novel indole and azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) cannabinoid (CB) receptor agonists: Design, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, physicochemical properties and biological activity
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The discovery, synthesis and structure-activity relationship (SAR) of a novel series of cannabinoid 1 (CB1) and cannabinoid 2 (CB 2) receptor ligands are reported. Based on the aminoalkylindole class of cannabinoid receptor agonists, a biphenyl moiety was introduced as novel lipophilic indole 3-acyl substituent in 11-16. Furthermore, the 3-carbonyl tether was replaced with a carboxamide linker in 17-20 and the azaindole (pyrrolopyridine) nucleus was designed as indole bioisostere with improved physicochemical properties in 21-25. Through these SAR efforts, several high affinity CB1/CB2 dual cannabinoid receptor ligands were identified. Indole-3-carboxamide 17 displayed single-digit nanomolar affinity and ~80 fold selectivity for CB1 over the CB2 receptor. The azaindoles displayed substantially improved physicochemical properties (lipophilicity; aqueous solubility). Azaindole 21 elicited potent cannabinoid activity. Cannabinoid receptor agonists 17 and 21 potently modulated excitatory synaptic transmission in an acute rat brain slice model of cannabinoid receptor-modulated neurotransmission.
- Blaazer, Antoni R.,Lange, Jos H.M.,Van Der Neut, Martina A.W.,Mulder, Arie,Den Boon, Femke S.,Werkman, Taco R.,Kruse, Chris G.,Wadman, Wytse J.
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experimental part
p. 5086 - 5098
(2011/11/29)
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- The formation of dicyanoterphenyls by the interaction of terephthalonitrile dianion with biphenylcarbonitriles in liquid ammonia
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Terephthalonitrile dianion couples with biphenylcarbonitriles providing dicyanosubstituted m- and p-terphenyls. The influence of the cyano group position in biphenylcarbonitrile on the structure of the terphenyl scaffold is discussed. ARKAT USA, Inc.
- Panteleeva, Elena V.,Bagryanskaya, Irina Yu.,Sal'Nikov, Georgij E.,Shteingartsa, Vitalij D.
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experimental part
p. 123 - 133
(2011/06/23)
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- Synthesis and structure - Activity relationships of N -(2-Oxo-3-oxetanyl) amides as N -acylethanolamine-hydrolyzing acid amidase inhibitors
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The fatty acid ethanolamides (FAEs) are a family of bioactive lipid mediators that include the endogenous agonist of peroxisome proliferator- activated receptor-α, palmitoylethanolamide (PEA). FAEs are hydrolyzed intracellularly by either fatty acid amide hydrolase or N-acylethanolamine- hydrolyzing acid amidase (NAAA). Selective inhibition of NAAA by (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)-3-phenylpropionamide [(S)-OOPP, 7a] prevents PEA degradation in mouse leukocytes and attenuates responses to proinflammatory stimuli. Starting from the structure of 7a, a series of β-lactones was prepared and tested on recombinant rat NAAA to explore structure-activity relationships (SARs) for this class of inhibitors and improve their in vitro potency. Following the hypothesis that these compounds inhibit NAAA by acylation of the catalytic cysteine, we identified several requirements for recognition at the active site and obtained new potent inhibitors. In particular, (S)-N-(2-oxo-3-oxetanyl)biphenyl-4-carboxamide (7h) was more potent than 7a at inhibiting recombinant rat NAAA activity (7a, IC50 = 420 nM; 7h, IC50 = 115 nM) in vitro and at reducing carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration in vivo.
- Solorzano, Carlos,Antonietti, Francesca,Duranti, Andrea,Tontini, Andrea,Rivara, Silvia,Lodola, Alessio,Vacondio, Federica,Tarzia, Giorgio,Piomelli, Daniele,Mor, Marco
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experimental part
p. 5770 - 5781
(2010/10/20)
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- Novel and potent small-molecule urotensin II receptor agonists
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A series of analogs of the non-peptidic urotensin II receptor agonist N-[1-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(dimethylamino)propyl]-4-phenylbenzamide (FL104) has been synthesized and evaluated pharmacologically. The enantiomers of the two most potent racemic analogues were obtained from the corresponding diastereomeric mandelic amides. In agreement with previously observed SAR, most of the agonist potency resided in the (S) enantiomers. The most potent UII receptor agonist in the new series was (S)-N-[3-dimethylamino-1-(2-naphthyl)propyl]-4-(4-chlorophenyl)benzamide (EC50 = 23 nM at the urotensin II receptor).
- Lehmann, Fredrik,Currier, Erika A.,Clemons, Bryan,Hansen, Lars K.,Olsson, Roger,Hacksell, Uli,Luthman, Kristina
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experimental part
p. 4657 - 4665
(2009/12/06)
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- BRONCHORELAXING ARYLAMIDES
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The invention relates to novel molecules having the general formula (I), and which molecules are useful to manufacture a medicament to treat a disorder or disease characterized by bronchoconstriction.
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Page/Page column 30-31; 34
(2008/12/08)
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- HETEROARYL DERIVATIVES AS PROTEIN KINASE INHIBITORS
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Objects of the present invention are the compounds of formula I their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, enantiomeric forms, diastereoisomers and racemates, the preparation of the above-mentioned compounds, medicaments containing them and their manufacture, as well as the use of the above-mentioned compounds in the control or prevention of illnesses such as cancer.
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Page/Page column 48-49
(2010/11/30)
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- Alpha-helical mimetics
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Benzoyl urea derivatives that are alpha helical peptides mimetics that mimic BH3-only proteins, compositions containing them, their conjugation to cell-targeting-moieties, and their use in the regulation of cell death are disclosed. The benzoyl urea derivatives are capable of binding to and neutralizing pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Use of benzoyl urea derivatives in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions associated with deregulation of cell death are also described.
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Page/Page column 64-67; 96
(2011/05/18)
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- INHIBITORS FOR HDAC8
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INHIBITORS FOR HDAC8 ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE This invention discloses a new HDAC inhibitor scaffold designed to exploit a unique sub-pocket of the HDAC8 active site. These compounds are based on inspection of HDAC8 crystal structures bound to various inhibitors, which showed that the HDAC8 active site is surprisingly malleable and can accommodate inhibitor structures that are distinct from the canonical "zinc-binding group-linker-cap group" structures of SAHA, TSA and similar HDAC inhibitors. Some of the new inhibitors based on this new scaffold are >100 fold selective for HDAC8 over other class I and class II HDACs with IC50 values 1μM against HDAC8. The present invention provides a new type of "linkerless" HDAC8 inhibitors and methods of treating a pathological condition using the same. Treatment of human cells with the new inhibitors of the present invention show a unique pattern of hyperacetylated proteins compared with the broad spectrum HDAC inhibitor TSA.
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Page/Page column 81
(2008/12/08)
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- Design and evaluation of 'Linkerless' hydroxamic acids as selective HDAC8 inhibitors
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In this report, we describe new HDAC inhibitors designed to exploit a unique sub-pocket in the HDAC8 active site. These compounds were based on inspection of the available HDAC8 crystal structures bound to various inhibitors, which collectively show that the HDAC8 active site is unusually malleable and can accommodate inhibitor structures that are distinct from the canonical 'zinc binding group-linker-cap group' structures of SAHA, TSA, and similar HDAC inhibitors. Some inhibitors based on this new scaffold are >100-fold selective for HDAC8 over other class I and class II HDACs with IC50 values 1 μM against HDAC8. Furthermore, treatment of human cells with the inhibitors described here shows a unique pattern of hyperacetylated proteins compared with the broad-spectrum HDAC inhibitor TSA.
- KrennHrubec, Keris,Marshall, Brett L.,Hedglin, Mark,Verdin, Eric,Ulrich, Scott M.
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p. 2874 - 2878
(2008/02/03)
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- De novo parallel design, synthesis and evaluation of inhibitors against the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 and drug-resistant variants
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We used molecular modeling to design de novo broad-range inhibitors against wild type and drug-resistant variants of the reverse transcriptase (RT) of human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1). First, we screened for small fragments that would interact with each one of four RT structures (one wild type and three mutants). Then, these fragments were linked to build a scaffold molecule. Out of 27 different compounds that were synthesized, four inhibited the DNA polymerase activity of RT with IC50 values below 10 μM. Compound 5f inhibited RT with an IC50 value of about 3.5 μM, while inhibiting drug-resistant RT variants more efficiently than the clinically used drug, nevirapine (11-cyclopropyl-5,11-dihydro-4-methyl-6H-dipyrido[3,2-b: 2′,3′-e-]-[1,4]diazepin-6-one). 5f also inhibited the RT ribonuclease H activity with an IC50 of 20 μM and therefore, unlike nevirapine, targets both RT activities. Accordingly, 5f can serve as lead for developing novel inhibitors against RT that may be used to suppress HIV-1 growth.
- Herschhorn, Alon,Lerman, Lena,Weitman, Michal,Gleenberg, Iris Oz,Nudelman, Abraham,Hizi, Amnon
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p. 2370 - 2384
(2008/02/07)
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- ALPHA-HELICAL MIMETICS
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Benzoyl urea derivatives that are alpha helical peptide mimetics that mimic BH3-only proteins, compositions containing them, their conjugation to cell-targeting moieties, and their use in the regulation of cell death are disclosed. The benzoyl urea derivatives are capable of binding to and neutralising pro-survival Bcl-2 proteins. Use of the benzoyl urea derivatives in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of diseases or conditions associated with deregulation of cell death are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 120-125
(2010/02/15)
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- Bisphosphonate inhibition of the exopolyphosphatase activity of the Trypanosoma brucei soluble vacuolar pyrophosphatase
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Trypanosoma brucei, the causative agent of African trypanosomiasis, contains a soluble, vacuolar pyrophosphatase, TbVSP1, not present in humans, which is essential for the growth of bloodstream forms in their mammalian host. Here, we report the inhibition of a recombinant TbVSP1 expressed in Escherichia coli by a panel of 81 bisphosphonates. The IC50 values were found to vary from ~2 to 850 μM. We then used 3D QSAR (comparative molecular field and comparative molecular similarity index; CoMFA and CoMSIA) methods to analyze the enzyme inhibition results. The R2 values for the experimental versus the QSAR-predicted activities were 0.78 or 0.61 for CoMFA and 0.79 or 0.68 for CoMSIA, for two different alignments. The root-mean-square (rms) pIC50 error for the best CoMFA model was 0.41 for five test sets of five activity predictions, which translates to a factor of ~2.6 error in IC50 prediction. For CoMSIA, the rms pIC50 error and error factors were 0.35 and 2.2, respectively. In general, the most active compounds contained both a single aromatic ring and a hydrogen bond donor feature. Thirteen of the more potent compounds were then tested in vivo in a mouse model of T. brucei infection. The most active compound in vivo provided a 40% protection from death with no apparent side effects, suggesting that further development of such compounds may be of interest.
- Kotsikorou, Evangelia,Song, Yongcheng,Chan, Julian M. W.,Faelens, Stephanie,Tovian, Zev,Broderick, Erin,Bakalara, Norbert,Docampo, Roberta,Oldfield, Eric
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p. 6128 - 6139
(2007/10/03)
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- Nonpeptide arginine vasopressin antagonists for both V(1A) and V2 receptors: Synthesis and pharmacological properties of 2-Phenyl-4'- [(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzanilide derivatives
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A series of compounds structurally related to 4'-[(2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-1-benzazepin-1-yl)carbonyl]benzanilide was synthesized and demonstrated to have arginine vasopressin (AVP) antagonist activity for both V(1A) and V2 receptors. The introduction of a phenyl or a 4-substituted phenyl group into the ortho position of the benzoyl moiety resulted in an increase in both binding affinity and antagonistic activity. The 2-(4-methylphenyl) derivative (1g) exhibited high antagonistic activities for both V(1A) (8.6- fold) and V2 (38-fold) receptors and high oral activity (8.6-fold) compared with the 2-methyl lead compound (1a). Detail of the synthesis and the pharmacological properties of this series are presented.
- Matsuhisa, Akira,Tanaka, Akihiro,Kikuchi, Kazumi,Shimada, Yoshiaki,Yatsu, Takeyuki,Yanagisawa, Isao
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p. 1870 - 1874
(2007/10/03)
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- Haloperidol-based irreversible inhibitors of the HIV-1 and HIV-2 proteases
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The proteases expressed by the HIV-1 and HIV-2 viruses process the polyproteins encoded by the viral genomes into the mature proteins required for virion replication and assembly. Eight analogs of haloperidol have been synthesized that cause time-dependent inactivation of the HIV-1 protease and, in six cases, HIV-2 protease. The IC50 values for the analogues are comparable to that of haloperidol itself. Enzyme inactivation is due to the presence of an epoxide in two of the analogues and carbonyl-conjugated double or triple bonds in the others. Irreversible inactivation is confirmed by the failure to recover activity when one of the inhibitors is removed from the medium. At pH 8.0, the agents inactivate the HIV-1 protease 4-80 times more rapidly than the HIV-2 protease. Faster inactivation of the HIV-1 protease is consistent with alkylation of cysteine residues because the HIV-1 protease has four such residues whereas the HIV-2 protease has none. Inactivation of the HIV-2 protease requires modification of non-cysteine residues. The similarities in the rates of inactivation of the HIV-2 protease by six agents that have intrinsically different reactivities toward nucleophiles suggest that the rate-limiting step in the inactivation process is not the alkylation reaction itself. At least five of the agents inhibit polyprotein processing in an ex vivo cell assay system, but they are also toxic to the cells.
- De Voss,Sui,DeCamp,Salto,Babe,Craik,Ortiz de Montellano
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p. 665 - 673
(2007/10/02)
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- INFLUENCE OF THE ANGULAR LINKAGE ON THE MESOMORPHIC PROPERTIES OF CHOLESTERYL ARYLBENZOATES.
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Some cholesteryl esters of arylbenzoic acids incorporating angular linkage such as -Co-, -O-, -S-, and -CH//2-, were prepared, and the transition temperatures and heats determined. The cholesteric-isotropic transition temperatures are likely to correlate with the angular correlation parameters of these carboxylic acid moieties. The mesomorphic phenomena are discussed in terms of the molecular structure and electronic effect of these linkages.
- Koden,Takenaka,Kusabayashi
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p. 137 - 150
(2007/10/02)
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