- Acyl Cyanides as Bifunctional Reagent: Application in Copper-Catalyzed Cyanoamidation and Cyanoesterification Reaction
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Cu-catalyzed domino decyanation and cyanation reaction of acyl cyanides with amines or alcohols have been developed. The cyano sources were generated in situ via C-CN cleavage yielding the corresponding cyano substituted amides or esters in moderate to excellent yields. This approach features a cheap copper catalyst, domino decyanation and cyanation reaction, readily available starting materials, broad substrate scope, operational simplicity, and the potential for further transformation of the cyano group.
- Chen, Zhengwang,Wen, Xiaowei,Zheng, Weiping,He, Ruolan,Chen, Dou,Cao, Dingsheng,Long, Lipeng,Ye, Min
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supporting information
p. 5691 - 5701
(2020/04/10)
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- Synthesis of a Bolm's 2,2′-Bipyridine Ligand Analogue and Its Applications
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A new method of synthesis of an analogue of Bolm's 2,2′-bipyridine ligand based on the catalytic [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization of 1-halodiynes with nitriles was developed. Crucial step of the whole synthesis turned out to be homodimerization of a substituted 2-bromopyridine to the corresponding bipyridine, that was studied and optimized. The newly prepared bipyridine (S,S)-2 was then tested as a chiral ligand in metal-catalyzed enantioselective reactions. Out of the studied reactions the most promising results were obtained in epoxide ring opening (82% yield, 98% ee) and Mukaiyama aldol reaction (>96% yield, 99/1 dr, 92% ee). In the case of Mukaiyama-aldol reaction as well as in the Michael addition, novel ligand 2 proved its robustness compared to Bolm's ligand as it was less sensitive to the purity of used reagents. (Figure presented.).
- Bedná?ová, Eva,Dra?ínsky, Martin,Malatinec, ?tefan,Císa?ová, Ivana,Lamaty, Frédéric,Kotora, Martin
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supporting information
p. 2869 - 2878
(2018/08/17)
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- A Ruthenium Complex-Catalyzed Cyclotrimerization of Halodiynes with Nitriles. Synthesis of 2- and 3-Halopyridines
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Monohalo- and dihalodiynes efficiently undergo [2+2+2] cyclotrimerization with nitriles in the presence of a catalytic amount of the ruthenium complex Cp*RuCl(cod) (10 mol%) to afford the corresponding halopyridines under ambient conditions in good isolated yields (up to 90%). The halopyridines are formed as two separable regioisomers. This is the first example of a direct synthesis of halopyridines from haloalkynes and nitriles. (Figure presented.) .
- Bedná?ová, Eva,Colacino, Evelina,Lamaty, Frédéric,Kotora, Martin
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supporting information
p. 1916 - 1923
(2016/07/06)
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- Detrifluoroacetylation of 4,4,4-trifluoro-3,3-dihydroxy-2-(hydroxyimino)butan-1-ones as a convenient synthetic strategy for acyl cyanides Dedicated to Academician Valery N. Charushin on his 65th birthday.
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A reaction reinvestigation of fluorinated 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds with NaNO2 in acidic conditions revealed the formation of corresponding 1,1,1-trifluoro-3-hydroxyimino-butan-2,4-diones which predominantly isolated as hydrates. A novel synthesis of ethoxy-, alkyl-, (het)aryl substituted carbonylcyanides via acid-catalyzed detrifluoroacetylation of obtained 2-hydroxyimino derivatives of 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds was described.
- Bazhin, Denis N.,Kudyakova, Yulia S.,Nemytova, Natalia A.,Burgart, Yanina V.,Saloutin, Victor I.
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- Lewis acid-lewis base-catalysed enantioselective addition of α-ketonitriles to aldehydes
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Additions of structurally diverse α-ketonitriles to aromatic and aliphatic prochiral aldehydes yielding highly enantioenriched acylated cyanohydrins were achieved using a combination of a titanium salen dimer and an achiral or chiral Lewis base. In most cases high yields and high enantioselectivities were observed. The ee was moderate in the initial part of the reaction but increased over time. This could be avoided, and higher ees obtained, by keeping the titanium complex, in the presence or absence of aldehyde and ketonitrile, at -40°C prior to the addition of the Lewis base. A mechanism initiated by nucleophilic attack of the tertiary amine at the carbonyl carbon atom of the ketonitile is supported by 13C labelling experiments.
- Lundgren, Stina,Wingstrand, Erica,Moberg, Christina
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p. 364 - 372
(2008/02/07)
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- SYNTHESIS AND THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF 4-AZIDOISOXAZOLES
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The diazonium salts derived from 1a,b decompose at 0 deg C to give α-cyanodiazoketones 3a,b and, in the case of 1b, also the N-hydroxytriazole 4.The azides 2a,b were prepared from the diazonium salts at -15 deg C.The diazonium salt from 1c is more stable and can be converted into the azide 2c at 0 deg C, along with formation of 5 as a side product.Kinetic measurements have been carried out for the thermal fragmentation of 2a - c which indicated that the reactions occur by a concerted mechanism.
- L'abbe, Gerrit,Godts, Francoise
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p. 229 - 236
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of acyl cyanides
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A novel process for the preparation of acyl cyanides of the general formula wherein R represents an optionally substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl radical or an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, which can additionally be fused to a benzene ring, in which a carboxylic acid fluoride or the general formula in which R has the abovementioned meaning is reacted with an alkali metal cyanide, optionally in the presence of a diluent, at a temperature between 10° and 200° C. The acylcyanides (I) can be used as intermediates in the synthesis of known herbicides.
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- Preparation of acyl cyanides
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Acyl cyanides of the formula STR1 in which R represents an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted aryl group, or an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical which additionally can be fused to a benzene ring, are obtained in high yields by reacting carboxylic acid anhydrides of the formula R--CO--O--CO--R (II) with trimethylsilyl cyanide, (CH3)3 Si--CN (III), if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst and, if appropriate, in the presence of a diluent, at a temperature between 50° and 250° C. The acyl cyanides can be used as intermediate products, for example, for the preparation of certain herbicidally active compounds of the triazinone series.
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- Preparation of pivaloyl cyanide
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In the preparation of pivaloyl cyanide of the formula by reaction of pivalic acid anhydride with anhydrous hydrocyanic acid, the improvement which comprises carrying out the reaction continuously in the presence of a catalyst comprising an alkali metal/copper cyanide complex, an alkaline earth metal/copper cyanide complex or an alkali metal salt, or an alkaline earth metal salt, of an aliphatic, cycloalkphatic or aromatic, carboxylic acid, or a precursor of such a salt, in either case optionally in admixture with a Lewis acid, and in the presence of an inert, aprotic organic diluent, which boils above about 210° C., at a temperature between about 180° and 240° C., by simultaneously and continuously dropping the pivalic acid anhydride and introducing the hydrocyanic acid in gaseous form into a stirred suspension of the catalyst in the diluent, and continuously distilling the crude product mixture consisting essentially of pivaloyl cyanide, pivalic acid and unreacted hydrocyanic acid, the unreacted hydrocyanic acid being separated off by evaporation and being recycled to the reaction vessel, and the pivaloyl cyanide being separated from the precipitated crude product mixture by fractional distillation in vacuo. Advantageously the reaction is carried out at a temperature between about 195° and 225° C., the complex cyanide of the formula Na3 [Cu(CN)4 ], K3 [Cu(CN)4 ], Ca3 [Cu(CN)4 ]2 or Ba3 [Cu(CN)4 ]2 is employed as the catalyst, diphenyl ether is employed as the diluent, and about 1 to 2 moles of pivalic acid anhydride and about 5 to 8 moles of hydrocyanic acid are introduced into the suspension of catalyst per hour.
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- Process for the preparation of acyl cyanide compounds
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This invention relates to a new process for the preparation of acyl cyanides of the general formula wherein R1 is an optionally substituted alkyl radical up to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl radical or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, which can additionally also be fused with a benzene ring, which process comprises reacting a carboxylic acid anhydride of the formula with an alpha-hydroxynitrile of the formula STR1 in which R2 and R3 are identical or different and represent a hydrogen atom, an optionally substituted alkyl radical with 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl radical with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted aryl radical or an optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, which can additionally also be fused with a benzene ring. The acyl cyanides (I) are known compounds and can be used as starting material for the synthesis of herbicides.
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- Process for the preparation of acyl cyanides
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Novel process for the preparation of a monomeric acyl cyanide of the general formula STR1 in which R represents optionally substituted alkyl with up to 8 carbon atoms, optionally substituted cycloalkyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms, optionally substituted aryl or an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical, which optionally can be fused with a benzene ring, which process comprises heating the corresponding dimeric acyl cyanide of the general formula STR2 in which R has the meaning stated above, to a temperature of from 50° to 300° C. in the presence of a compound having a basic reaction and rapidly removing the monomeric acyl cyanide (I) formed from the reaction mixture.
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- Process for the preparation of acyl cyanides
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Acyl cyanides of the formula STR1 in which R represents alkyl or substituted alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl of from 3 to 12 carbon atoms, aryl or substituted aryl; or an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical which can also be fused with a benzene ring are prepared by reacting the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a carboxylic acid halide with an alkali metal cyanide or anhydrous acid, at a temperature of between 50° and 300° C.
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- TRIBUTYLTIN CYANIDE: A FACILE CYANATING AGENT OF ACYL CHLORIDES
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Tributyltin cyanide was prepared from tributyltin chloride and potassium cyanide, and was found to be an efficient cyanation reagent for acyl chlorides to give acyl cyanides in excellent yields.
- Tanaka, Masato
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p. 2959 - 2962
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of acyl cyanides
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Acyl cyanides of the general formula STR1 in which R represents alkyl or substituted alkyl of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; cycloalkyl or substituted cycloalkyl with 3 to 12 carbon atoms; aryl or substituted aryl; or an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical which can additionally also be fused with a benzene ring, are prepared by reacting the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydride with an alkali metal cyanide or anhydrous hydrocyanic acid, at a temperature of between 50° and 250° C. and the resulting acyl cyanide is removed from the reaction medium by distillation, immediately after it has been formed.
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- Process for the production of acyl cyanides (A)
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There are prepared acyl cyanides of the formula STR1 where R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and which also can be substituted by one or more phenyl groups or halogen atoms, preferably chlorine, or R is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, which can have one or more 1 to 3 carbon atom alkyl or halogen, preferably chlorine, substituents wherein in all of the above set forth substitutions the halogen atoms and the phenyl groups are not on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group or R is a substituted phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a substituted naphthyl group or a five membered heterocyclic group, e.g., furyl, thienyl or alkyl substituted thienyl, wherein the substituents on the phenyl or naphthyl are halogen atoms, nitro groups or alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The process comprises reacting an acyl halide of the formula in which R is as defined above and Hal is a chlorine or bromine atom, with CuCN at a temperature of about 50° to 180° C in the presence of a carboxylic acid nitrile inert under the reaction conditions, there being employed about 1 to 10 parts by weight of the carboxylic acid nitrile and about 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of at least one organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions. Certain of the compounds are novel per se.
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- Substituted cyclopropyl glyoxylnitriles
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There are prepared acyl cyanides of the formula STR1 where R is a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and which also can be substituted by one or more phenyl groups or halogen atoms, preferably chlorine, or R is preferably a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 8 carbon atoms, preferably cyclopropyl, which can have one or more 1 to 3 carbon atoms alkyl or halogen, preferably chlorine, substituents wherein in all of the above set forth substitutions the halogen atoms and the phenyl groups are not on the carbon atom adjacent to the carbonyl group or R is a substituted phenyl group, a naphthyl group, a substituted naphthyl group or a five membered heterocyclic group, e.g., furyl, thienyl or alkyl substituted thienyl wherein the substituents on the phenyl or naphthyl are halogen atoms, nitro groups or alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 5 carbon atoms. The process comprises reacting and acyl halide of the formula in which R is as defined above and Hal is a chlorine or bromine atoms, with CuCN at a temperature of about 50° to 180° C in the presence of a carboxylic acid nitrile inert under the reaction conditions, there being employed about 1 to 10 parts by weight of the carboxylic acid nitrile and about 0.5 to 20 parts by weight of at least one organic solvent which is inert under the reaction conditions. Certain of the compounds are novel per se.
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