- Preparation method of high-purity esketamine hydrochloride ketone body
-
The invention discloses a preparation method of a high-purity esketamine hydrochloride ketone body. The structure of the esketamine hydrochloride ketone body is shown as a formula (I). The preparationmethod comprises the following steps of: by taking cyclopentanoic acid and o-chlorobromobenzene as starting materials, carrying out acylating chlorination reaction, metallization reaction and Grignard reaction to synthesize the esketamine hydrochloride ketone body. The esketamine hydrochloride ketone body obtained by the method has the characteristics of high purity, high yield, capability of being applied to preparation of esketamine hydrochloride bulk drugs and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0060-0061; 0066-0067
(2021/02/10)
-
- THERAPEUTIC COMPOUNDS
-
The present disclosure relates to compounds of formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and compositions and uses thereof. The compounds are useful as inhibitors of the YAP:TEAD protein:protein interaction. Also included are pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and methods of using such compounds and salts in the treatment of various YAP:TEAD-mediated disorders, including cancer.
- -
-
Paragraph 00559-00561
(2021/06/04)
-
- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel 2-(4-(1H-indazol-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol-1-yl)acetamide derivatives as potent VEGFR-2 inhibitors
-
Vascular endothelial growth factor-2 (VEGFR-2) plays a pivotal role in tumor angiogenesis. Herein, a library of novel 2-(4-(1H-indazol-6-yl)-1H-pyrazol -1-yl)acetamide derivatives were designed and synthesized as VEGFR-2 inhibitors based on scaffold hopping strategy. These compounds exhibited the excellent inhibitory in both VEGFR-2 and tumor cells proliferation. Especially, compound W13 possessed potent VEGFR-2 inhibition with IC50 = 1.6 nM and anti-proliferation against HGC-27 tumor cells with IC50 = 0.36 ± 0.11 μM, as well as less toxicity against normal GES-1 cells with IC50 = 187.46 ± 10.13 μM. Moreover, W13 obviously inhibited colony formation, migration and invasion of HGC-27 cells by adjusting the expression of MMP-9 and E-cadherin, and induced HGC-27 cells apoptosis by increasing ROS production and regulating the expression of apoptotic proteins. Furthermore, W13 blocked the PI3K-Akt-mTOR signaling pathway in HGC-27 cells. In addition, anti-angiogenesis of W13 was proved by inhibiting tube formation and the expression of p-VEGFR-2 in HUVEC cells. All the results demonstrated that W13 could be developing as a promising anticancer agent for gastric cancer therapy.
- Wang, Xing-Rong,Wang, Shuai,Li, Wen-Bo,Xu, Kai-Yan,Qiao, Xue-Peng,Jing, Xue-Li,Wang, Zi-Xiao,Yang, Chang-jiang,Chen, Shi-Wu
-
supporting information
(2021/01/26)
-
- Lappaconitine derivative with analgesic activity, and preparation method and application thereof
-
The invention provides a lappaconitine derivative with analgesic activity, and a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the lappaconitine derivative is as shown in formula I in the specification. The lappaconitine derivative provided by the invention is high in analgesic activity, good in water solubility and low in biotoxicity, can be used for preparing low-toxicity analgesic drugs, and is wide in application prospect.
- -
-
Paragraph 0275-0279
(2021/07/14)
-
- Synthesis of N-trifluoromethyl amides from carboxylic acids
-
Found in biomolecules, pharmaceuticals, and agrochemicals, amide-containing molecules are ubiquitous in nature, and their derivatization represents a significant methodological goal in fluorine chemistry. Trifluoromethyl amides have emerged as important functional groups frequently found in pharmaceutical compounds. To date, there is no strategy for synthesizing N-trifluoromethyl amides from abundant organic carboxylic acid derivatives, which are ideal starting materials in amide synthesis. Here, we report the synthesis of N-trifluoromethyl amides from carboxylic acid halides and esters under mild conditions via isothiocyanates in the presence of silver fluoride at room temperature. Through this strategy, isothiocyanates are desulfurized with AgF, and then the formed derivative is acylated to afford N-trifluoromethyl amides, including previously inaccessible structures. This method shows broad scope, provides a platform for rapidly generating N-trifluoromethyl amides by virtue of the diversity and availability of both reaction partners, and should find application in the modification of advanced intermediates.
- Flavell, Robert R.,Liu, Jianbo,Parker, Matthew F. L.,Toste, F. Dean,Wang, Sinan,Wilson, David M.
-
supporting information
p. 2245 - 2255
(2021/08/12)
-
- Decarboxylative Borylation of mCPBA-Activated Aliphatic Acids
-
A decarboxylative borylation of aliphatic acids for the synthesis of a variety of alkylboronates has been developed by mixing m-chloroperoxybenzoic acid (mCPBA)-activated fatty acids with bis(catecholato)diboron in N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) at room temperature. A radical chain process is involved in the reaction which initiates from the B-B bond homolysis followed by the radical transfer from the boron atom to the carbon atom with subsequent decarboxylation and borylation.
- Wei, Dian,Liu, Tu-Ming,Zhou, Bo,Han, Bing
-
supporting information
p. 234 - 238
(2020/01/02)
-
- Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Carboxylic Acid Derivatives with Pyridinium Salts via C-N Bond Cleavage
-
The electrophile-electrophile cross-coupling of carboxylic acid derivatives and alkylpyridinium salts via C-N bond cleavage is developed. The method is distinguished by its simplicity and steers us through a variety of functionalized ketones in good to excellent yields. Besides acid chlorides, carboxylic acids were also employed as acylating agents, which enabled us to incorporate acid-sensitive functional groups such as MOM, BOC, and acetal. Control experiments with TEMPO revealed a radical pathway.
- Pulikottil, Feba Thomas,Pilli, Ramadevi,Suku, Rohith Valavil,Rasappan, Ramesh
-
supporting information
p. 2902 - 2907
(2020/04/09)
-
- Modular Tuning of Electrophilic Reactivity of Iridium Nitrenoids for the Intermolecular Selective α-Amidation of β-Keto Esters
-
We report herein an Ir-catalyzed intermolecular amino group transfer to β-keto esters (amides) to access α-aminocarbonyl products with excellent chemoselectivity. The key strategy was to engineer electrophilicity of the putative Ir-nitrenoids by tuning electronic property of the κ2-N,O chelating ligands, thus facilitating nucleophilic addition of enol π-bonds of 1,3-dicarbonyl substrates.
- Lee, Minhan,Jung, Hoimin,Kim, Dongwook,Park, Jung-Woo,Chang, Sukbok
-
supporting information
p. 11999 - 12004
(2020/08/06)
-
- Isoalantolactone derivative, pharmaceutical composition and application thereof
-
The invention relates to an isoalantolactone derivative, a pharmaceutical composition and application thereof, especially use of the isoalantolactone derivative shown as formula (I) or a salt pharmaceutical compound thereof in preparation of adjuvant drugs treating cancer, a pharmaceutical composition containing a therapeutically effective amount of isoalantolactone derivative (I) or its salt anda pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or a composition with other anticancer drugs.
- -
-
Paragraph 0014
(2019/02/02)
-
- Electrochemical [4+2] Annulation-Rearrangement-Aromatization of Styrenes: Synthesis of Naphthalene Derivatives
-
We report the first electrochemical strategy to synthesize functionalized naphthalene derivatives through [4+2] annulation—rearrangement–aromatization from styrenes under mild conditions. The electrolysis does not require metals, oxidants and high valence substrates, indicating the atom and step-economy ideals. The dehydrodimer produced through [4+2] cycloaddition of 4-methoxy α-methyl styrene is isolated and proved to be the key intermediate for the following oxydehydrogenation to form carbon cation, which undergoes rearrangement–aromatization to afford the final products. This reaction represents a powerful access to construct multi-substituted naphthalene blocks in a single step.
- Ma, Yueyue,Lv, Jufeng,Liu, Chengyu,Yao, Xiantong,Yan, Guoming,Yu, Wei,Ye, Jinxing
-
supporting information
p. 6756 - 6760
(2019/04/17)
-
- Nickel-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkenylation of Anhydrides with Vinyl Triflates or Halides
-
Decarboxylative cross-coupling of aliphatic acid anhydrides with vinyl triflates or halides was accomplished via nickel catalysis. This methodology works well with a broad array of substrates and features abundant functional group tolerance. Notably, our approach addresses the issue of safe and environmental installation of methyl or ethyl group into molecular scaffolds. The method possesses high chemoselectivity toward alkyl groups when aliphatic/aromatic mixed anhydrides are involved. Furthermore, diverse ketones could be modified with our strategy.
- Chen, Hui,Sun, Shuhao,Liao, Xuebin
-
supporting information
p. 3625 - 3630
(2019/05/24)
-
- Enantio- and Diastereoswitchable C?H Arylation of Methylene Groups in Cycloalkanes
-
A complementary set of chiral N,N-ligands enables the Pd-catalyzed β-C?H arylation of unbiased internal methylene groups in good yield and with high levels of enantio- and diastereoinduction. Both the dia- and enantioselectivity can be reversed, thus allowing the selective arylation of any of the four β-C?H bonds in cycloalkanecarboxamides of various ring sizes. The method is applicable to a broad range of aryl iodides with electron-withdrawing and -donating substituents in the o-, m-, or p-position.
- Andr?, Michal S.,Schifferer, Lukas,Pollok, Corina H.,Merten, Christian,Goo?en, Lukas J.,Yu, Jin-Quan
-
supporting information
p. 8503 - 8507
(2019/07/16)
-
- 2-Amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1 H-pyrazole-Directed PdII Catalysis: Arylation of Unactivated β-C(sp3)-H Bonds
-
Palladium-catalyzed arylation of unactivated β-C(sp3)-H bonds in carboxylic acid derivatives with aryl iodides is described for the first time using 2-amino-5,6-difluorophenyl-1H-pyrazole as an efficient and readily removable directing group. Two fluoro groups are installed at the 5- and 6-position of the anilino moiety in 2-aminophenyl-1H-pyrazole, clearly enhancing the directing ability of the auxiliary. In addition, the protocol employs Cu(OAc)2/Ag3PO4 (1.2/0.3) as additives, evidently reducing the stoichiometric amount of expensive silver salts. Furthermore, this process exhibits high β-site selectivity, compatibility with diverse substrates containing α-hydrogen atoms, and excellent functional group tolerance.
- Yang, Jinyue,Fu, Xiaopan,Tang, Shibiao,Deng, Kezuan,Zhang, Lili,Yang, Xianjin,Ji, Yafei
-
p. 10221 - 10236
(2019/08/20)
-
- Discovery of β-Arrestin Biased, Orally Bioavailable, and CNS Penetrant Neurotensin Receptor 1 (NTR1) Allosteric Modulators
-
Neurotensin receptor 1 (NTR1) is a G protein coupled receptor that is widely expressed throughout the central nervous system where it acts as a neuromodulator. Neurotensin receptors have been implicated in a wide variety of CNS disorders, but despite extensive efforts to develop small molecule ligands there are few reports of such compounds. Herein we describe the optimization of a quinazoline based lead to give 18 (SBI-553), a potent and brain penetrant NTR1 allosteric modulator.
- Pinkerton, Anthony B.,Peddibhotla, Satyamaheshwar,Yamamoto, Fusayo,Slosky, Lauren M.,Bai, Yushi,Maloney, Patrick,Hershberger, Paul,Hedrick, Michael P.,Falter, Bekhi,Ardecky, Robert J.,Smith, Layton H.,Chung, Thomas D. Y.,Jackson, Michael R.,Caron, Marc G.,Barak, Lawrence S.
-
p. 8357 - 8363
(2019/09/10)
-
- SHP2 PHOSPHATASE INHIBITORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
-
The present disclosure relates to novel compounds including formula (X) and pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods for inhibiting the activity of SHP2 phosphatase with the compounds and compositions of the disclosure. The present disclosure further relates to, but is not limited to, methods for treating disorders associated with SHP2 deregulation with the compounds and compositions of the disclosure.
- -
-
Paragraph 0280
(2019/10/15)
-
- Visible Light-Mediated Decarboxylative Alkylation of Pharmaceutically Relevant Heterocycles
-
A net redox-neutral method for the decarboxylative alkylation of heteroarenes using photoredox catalysis is reported. Additionally, this method features the use of simple, commercially available carboxylic acid derivatives as alkylating agents, enabling the facile alkylation of a variety of biologically relevant heterocyclic scaffolds under mild conditions.
- Sun, Alexandra C.,McClain, Edward J.,Beatty, Joel W.,Stephenson, Corey R. J.
-
supporting information
p. 3487 - 3490
(2018/06/26)
-
- Novel inhibitors of tyrosinase produced by the 4-substitution of TCT (П)
-
Novel Tyrosinase Inhibitors of 4-functionalized Thiophene-2-carbaldehyde thiosemicarbazone (TCT) derivatives (1–8) had been synthesized and Spectrofluorimetry, 1H and 13C NMR titration and Molecular docking had been used to investigate their inhibitory activities and mechanisms on tyrosinase. The results showed that the inter-molecular interactions or hydrogen bond formation by increasing length of carbon chain or introducing benzene ring to the 4-functionalized ester group promoted or stabilized formation of complexes between modifier and tyrosinase, and enhanced the inhibitory activity of modifiers. The inhibitory activity of 4-benzoy methoxy-TCT was much stronger than that of any other synthesized tested modifiers, which was well explained by molecular docking and further verified by spectrofluorimetry and NMR titration by assuming that there existed an inter-molecular interaction besides formation of hydrogen bonds between the amino acid residues ASN260, GLU256, HIS85 of enzyme and the modifier.We concluded that 4-benzoy methoxy substitution of TCT was a good route obtaining novel tyrosinase inhibitors and deserved further studies.
- Liu, Jing,Li, Mengrong,Yu, Yanying,Cao, Shuwen
-
p. 1096 - 1106
(2017/06/07)
-
- Regiodivergent Visible Light-Induced C–H Functionalization of Quinolines at C-5 and C-8 under Metal-, Photosensitizer- and Oxidant-Free Conditions
-
A general strategy towards the selective perfluoroalkylation of quinoline derivatives at C-5 and C-8 is described. This exceptionally mild radical transformation, compatible with a large panel of substrates, does not require any transition metal catalysts or oxidants. Outstandingly, visible light photoinduction using simple household bulbs, in the absence of a photosensitizer, is the unique activation mode. Further importance of this reaction relies on its capacity to functionalize selectively both C-5 and C-8 positions of quinolines. This transformation, perfectly fulfilling green chemistry requirements, allows a truly practical and straightforward access to a variety of unprecedented functionalized amino- and amidoquinoline skeletons, presenting attractive features for medicinal and agrochemical industry. (Figure presented.).
- Arockiam, Percia Beatrice,Guillemard, Lucas,Wencel-Delord, Joanna
-
supporting information
p. 2571 - 2579
(2017/08/16)
-
- Optimized synthesis of new LE404-derived azecine-prodrugs
-
Dibenzoazecines represent a class of high-affinity dopamine and serotonin receptor antagonists. The former synthesis of the lead structure 7-methyl-5,6,7,8,9,14-hexahydrodibenzo[d,g]azecin-3-ol (LE404) has been 5 steps with a total yield of 13%. The present work enabled the synthesis of LE404 with a much higher yield. Based on this research, further azecin derivatives were synthesized with the aim to improve pharmacokinetic parameters.
- Zergiebel, Stephanie,Arndt, Hans-Dieter,Seeling, Andreas
-
supporting information
p. 3640 - 3642
(2017/08/23)
-
- Selective α-Oxyamination and Hydroxylation of Aliphatic Amides
-
Compared to the α-functionalization of aldehydes, ketones, even esters, the direct α-modification of amides is still a challenge because of the low acidity of α-CH groups. The α-functionalization of N?H (primary and secondary) amides, containing both an unactived α-C?H bond and a competitively active N?H bond, remains elusive. Shown herein is the general and efficient oxidative α-oxyamination and hydroxylation of aliphatic amides including secondary N?H amides. This transition-metal-free chemistry with high chemoselectivity provides an efficient approach to α-hydroxy amides. This oxidative protocol significantly enables the selective functionalization of inert α-C?H bonds with the complete preservation of active N?H bond.
- Li, Xinwei,Lin, Fengguirong,Huang, Kaimeng,Wei, Jialiang,Li, Xinyao,Wang, Xiaoyang,Geng, Xiaoyu,Jiao, Ning
-
supporting information
p. 12307 - 12311
(2017/09/11)
-
- Synthetic method for 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine and N,N,N-triacylated product
-
The invention provides a synthetic method for 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine and an N,N,N-triacylated product. The method comprises the following steps: S1, performing a nitration reaction on mesitylene with structural formula IV as a reaction raw material in the presence of a mixed acid of fuming nitric acid and concentrated sulfuric acid, and after the nitration reaction, performing filtration and drying to obtain 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitryl benzene with structural formula III; S2, performing a hydrogenation reaction on 1,3,5-trimethyl-2,4,6-trinitryl benzene and a reducer hydrazine hydrate to reduce nitryl to amino, and performing purification to obtain 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine with structure formula II; and S3, performing an acylation reaction on 2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine and an acylation reagent to obtain N,N,N-triacyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzene-1,3,5-triamine with structural formula I.
- -
-
Paragraph 0106
(2017/12/27)
-
- Design and Synthesis of 2-Methyl-7-aminobenzoxazole as Auxiliary in the Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Arylation of a beta-Positioned C(sp3)-H Bond
-
A palladium(II)-catalyzed direct arylation of methylene C(sp3)-H bonds by 2-methyl-7-aminobenzoxazole as an effective auxiliary is reported. This process exhibited high beta-site selectivity, broad substrate scope, and compatibility with different functional groups with moderate to high yields up to 89%.
- Luo, Feihua,Yang, Jun,Li, Zhengkai,Xiang, Haifeng,Zhou, Xiangge
-
supporting information
p. 887 - 893
(2016/04/05)
-
- Synthesis of oxazolines from amides via palladium-catalyzed functionalization of unactivated C(sp3)-H bond
-
A complementary method that enables the expeditious synthesis of oxazolines from amides via Pd-catalyzed C(sp3)-H functionalization has been described. Preliminary studies indicate that the reaction might go through a chlorination/nucleophilic cyclization sequence, and the high efficiency of this sequence is enhanced by the in situ cyclative capture of the chlorinated intermediate. The resulting oxazolines can be further converted into the corresponding β-amino alcohols without chromatography.
- Li, Bo,Wang, Si-Qing,Liu, Bin,Shi, Bing-Feng
-
supporting information
p. 1200 - 1203
(2015/03/14)
-
- Readily Removable Directing Group Assisted Chemo- and Regioselective C(sp3)-H Activation by Palladium Catalysis
-
Currently used directing groups for selective aliphatic β-functionalization of carbonyl compounds show excellent reactivity and selectivity with an amide as a linker. Described herein is 2-piconimide, used for the first time with commercially available 2-picolinamide/2-picolic acid as precursors, to direct C-H arylation/alkenylation by palladium catalysis. The directing group is essential for promoting the sequnetial primary and secondary C(sp3)-H arylation with different aryl iodides in one substrate. The directing group was easily removed under simple reaction conditions at room temperature.
- Zhang, Yun-Fei,Zhao, Hong-Wei,Wang, Hui,Wei, Jiang-Bo,Shi, Zhang-Jie
-
supporting information
p. 13686 - 13690
(2015/11/16)
-
- Discovery of a series of thiazole derivatives as novel inhibitors of metastatic cancer cell migration and invasion
-
Effective inhibitors of cancer cell migration and invasion can potentially lead to clinical applications as a therapy to block tumor metastasis, the primary cause of death in cancer patients. To this end, we have designed and synthesized a series of thiazole derivatives that showed potent efficacy against cell migration and invasion in metastatic cancer cells. The most effective compound, 5k, was found to have an IC50 value of 176 nM in the dose-dependent transwell migration assays in MDA-MB-231cells. At a dose of 10 μM, 5k also blocked about 80% of migration in HeLa and A549 cells and 60% of invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells. Importantly, the majority of the derivatives exhibited no apparent cytotoxicity in the clonogenic assays. The low to negligible inhibition of cell proliferation is a desirable property of these antimigration derivatives because they hold promise of low toxicity to healthy cells as potential therapeutic agents. Mechanistic studies analyzing the actin cytoskeleton by microscopy demonstrate that compound 5k substantially reduced cellular f-actin and prevented localization of fascin to actin-rich membrane protrusions. These results suggest that the antimigration activity may result from impaired actin structures in protrusions that are necessary to drive migration.
- Zheng, Shilong,Zhong, Qiu,Jiang, Quan,Mottamal, Madhusoodanan,Zhang, Qiang,Zhu, Naijue,Burow, Matthew E.,Worthylake, Rebecca A.,Wang, Guangdi
-
supporting information
p. 191 - 196
(2013/03/28)
-
- PURINE DERIVATIVES FOR THE TREATMENT OF VIRAL INFECTIONS
-
The present invention relates to purine derivatives of formula (I), processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions, and their use in treating viral infections.
- -
-
Page/Page column 12
(2013/05/23)
-
- Iridium(I)-catalyzed vinylic C-H borylation of 1-cycloalkenecarboxylates with bis(pinacolato)diboron
-
Ir(i)-catalyzed C-H borylation of 1-cycloalkenecarboxylic derivatives with bis(pinacolato)diboron affords various alkenylboronates with functional groups in excellent yields. This reaction was also used in a one-pot borylation/Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling procedure.
- Sasaki, Ikuo,Doi, Hana,Hashimoto, Toshiya,Kikuchi, Takao,Ito, Hajime,Ishiyama, Tatsuo
-
supporting information
p. 7546 - 7548
(2013/08/23)
-
- Optimization of N-benzoylindazole derivatives as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase
-
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) is an important therapeutic target for treatment of pulmonary diseases. Previously, we identified novel N-benzoylindazole derivatives as potent, competitive, and pseudoirreversible HNE inhibitors. Here, we report further development of these inhibitors with improved potency, protease selectivity, and stability compared to our previous leads. Introduction of a variety of substituents at position 5 of the indazole resulted in the potent inhibitor 20f (IC50 ~10 nM) and modifications at position 3 resulted the most potent compound in this series, the 3-CN derivative 5b (IC50 = 7 nM); both derivatives demonstrated good stability and specificity for HNE versus other serine proteases. Molecular docking of selected N-benzoylindazoles into the HNE binding domain suggested that inhibitory activity depended on geometry of the ligand-enzyme complexes. Indeed, the ability of a ligand to form a Michaelis complex and favorable conditions for proton transfer between Hys57, Asp102, and Ser195 both affected activity.
- Crocetti, Letizia,Schepetkin, Igor A.,Cilibrizzi, Agostino,Graziano, Alessia,Vergelli, Claudia,Giomi, Donatella,Khlebnikov, Andrei I.,Quinn, Mark T.,Giovannoni, Maria Paola
-
p. 6259 - 6272
(2013/09/02)
-
- METABOTROPIC GLUTAMATE RECEPTORS 5 MODULATORS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
-
Compounds that modulate GluR5 activity and methods of using the same are disclosed.
- -
-
Page/Page column 81
(2012/12/13)
-
- Ligand-enabled methylene C(sp3)-H bond activation with a Pd(II) catalyst
-
Pd(II) insertion into β-methylene C(sp3)-H bonds was enabled by a mutually repulsive and electron-rich quinoline ligand. Ligand tuning led to the development of a method that allows for installation of an aryl group on a range of acyclic and cyclic amides containing β-methylene C(sp3)-H bonds.
- Wasa, Masayuki,Chan, Kelvin S. L.,Zhang, Xing-Guo,He, Jian,Miura, Masanori,Yu, Jin-Quan
-
supporting information
p. 18570 - 18572
(2013/01/15)
-
- Hypervalent iodine catalyzed hofmann rearrangement of carboxamides using oxone as terminal oxidant
-
Hofmann rearrangement of carboxamides to carbamates using Oxone as an oxidant can be efficiently catalyzed by iodobenzene. This reaction involves hypervalent iodine species generated in situ from catalytic amount of PhI and Oxone in the presence of 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoroisopropanol (HFIP) in aqueous methanol solutions. Under these conditions, Hofmann rearrangement of various carboxamides affords corresponding carbamates in high yields.
- Yoshimura, Akira,Middleton, Kyle R.,Luedtke, Matthew W.,Zhu, Chenjie,Zhdankin, Viktor V.
-
p. 11399 - 11404
(2013/02/23)
-
- 2-OXO-2- (2-PHENYL-5,6,7,8-TETRAHYDRO-INDOLIZIN-3-YL) -ACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES AND RELATED COMPOUNDS AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
-
The invention provides compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof: wherein: R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, A1, L1 and n are as defined herein. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the prevention or treatment of a fungal disease. Compounds of formula (I), and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, may also be used as agricultural fungicides.
- -
-
Page/Page column 14
(2011/02/15)
-
- Design, synthesis and evaluation of N-benzoylindazole derivatives and analogues as inhibitors of human neutrophil elastase
-
Human neutrophil elastase (HNE) plays an important role in tumour invasion and inflammation. A series of N-benzoylindazoles was synthesized and evaluated for their ability to inhibit HNE. We found that this scaffold is appropriate for HNE inhibitors and that the benzoyl fragment at position 1 is essential for activity. The most active compounds inhibited HNE activity with IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Furthermore, docking studies indicated that the geometry of an inhibitor within the binding site and energetics of Michaelis complex formation were key factors influencing the inhibitor's biological activity. Thus, N-benzoylindazole derivatives and their analogs represent novel structural templates that can be utilized for further development of efficacious HNE inhibitors.
- Crocetti, Letizia,Giovannoni, Maria Paola,Schepetkin, Igor A.,Quinn, Mark T.,Khlebnikov, Andrei I.,Cilibrizzi, Agostino,Piaz, Vittorio Dal,Graziano, Alessia,Vergelli, Claudia
-
experimental part
p. 4460 - 4472
(2011/09/12)
-
- CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS
-
The invention is directed to to substituted indazole derivatives. Specifically, the invention is directed to compounds according to Formula I: wherein R1 - R6 and X are defined herein. The compounds of the invention are inhibitors of PDK1 and can be useful in the treatment of disorders characterized by constitutively activated ACG kinases such as cancer and more specifically leukemia and cancers of the breast, colon, and lung. Accordingly, the invention is further directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound of the invention. The invention is still further directed to methods of inhibiting PDK1 activity and treatment of disorders associated therewith using a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a compound of the invention.
- -
-
Page/Page column 119
(2010/11/04)
-
- Pd-catalyzed assembly of spirooxindole natural products: A short synthesis of horsfiline
-
The Pd-catalyzed intramolecular α-arylation of amides is applied to the synthesis of functionalized spirooxindoles. The substrate scope is evaluated, and the reaction is demonstrated to be useful for the assembly of spirooxindole natural products and derivatives thereof. As an application, a new synthesis of horsfiline 1 is presented, giving the natural product in only 4 steps from commercially available amino acid 12.
- Deppermann, Nina,Thomanek, Heike,Prenzel, Alexander H. G. P.,Maison, Wolfgang
-
experimental part
p. 5994 - 6000
(2010/12/19)
-
- Indol-3-ylcycloalkyl ketones: Effects of N1 substituted indole side chain variations on CB2 cannabinoid receptor activity
-
Several 3-acylindoles with high affinity for the CB2 cannabinoid receptor and selectivity over the CB1 receptor have been prepared. A variety of 3-acyl substituents were investigated, and the tetramethylcyclopropyl group was found to lead to high affinity CB2 agonists (5, 16). Substitution at the N1-indole position was then examined. A series of aminoalkylindoles was prepared and several substituted aminoethyl derivatives were active (23-27, 5) at the CB2 receptor.Astudy of N1 nonaromatic side chain variants provided potent agonists at the CB2 receptor (16, 35-41, 44-47, 49-54, and 57-58). Several polar side chains (alcohols, oxazolidinone) were well-tolerated for CB2 receptor activity (41, 50), while others (amide, acid) led to weaker or inactive compounds (55 and 56). N1 aromatic side chains also afforded several high affinity CB2 receptor agonists (61, 63, 65, and 69) but were generally less potent in an in vitro CB2 functional assay than were nonaromatic side chain analogues.
- Frost, Jennifer M.,Dart, Michael J.,Tietje, Karin R.,Garrison, Tiffany R.,Grayson, George K.,Daza, Anthony V.,El-Kouhen, Odile F.,Yao, Betty B.,Hsieh, Gin C.,Pai, Madhavi,Zhu, Chang Z.,Chandran, Prasant,Meyer, Michael D.
-
experimental part
p. 295 - 315
(2010/06/11)
-
- An improved one-pot cost-effective synthesis of N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halides and derivatives
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A convenient one-pot procedure is reported for preparing N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl chlorides by using chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride as a carbonylating agent. It comprises the reaction of secondary amines with chlorocarbonylsulfenyl chloride in the presence of an aprotic organic solvent to produce the corresponding N,N-disubstituted carbamoyl halides. Insertion of the carbonyl group without using phosgene is the novelty of this method.
- Adeppa,Rupainwar,Misra, Krishna
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experimental part
p. 1277 - 1280
(2011/02/23)
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- 2- [ (2-SUBSTITUTED) -IND0LIZIN-3-YL] -2-OXO-ACETAMIDE DERIVATIVES AS ANTIFUNGAL AGENTS
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The invention provides compounds of formula (I), and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof wherein: Rl, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, X and X1 are as defined herein. These compounds are useful in the manufacture of medicaments for use in the prevention or treatment of a fungal disease. Compounds of formula (I), and agriculturally acceptable salts thereof, may also be used as agricultural fungicides.
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Page/Page column 162-163
(2008/12/05)
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- Structure activity studies with xenobiotic substrates using carboxylesterases isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana
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Carboxylesterases (CXEs) catalyse the hydrolysis of xenobiotics and natural products radically altering their biological activities. Whereas the substrate selectivity of animal CXEs, such as porcine liver esterase (PLE) have been well studied, the respective enzymes in plants have yet to be defined and their activities determined. Using Arabidopsis thaliana (At) as a source, five representative members of the α/β hydrolase AtCXE family of proteins have been cloned, expressed and the purified recombinant proteins assayed for esterase activity with xenobiotic substrates. Two members, AtCXE5 and AtCXE18 were found to be active carboxylesterases, though AtCXE5 proved to be highly unstable as a soluble protein. AtCXE18 and the previously characterised S-formylglutathione hydrolase from Arabidopsis (AtSFGH) were assayed against a series of esters based on methylumbelliferone in which the acyl moiety was varied with respect to size and conformation. The same series was used to assay crude esterase preparation from Arabidopsis plants and the results compared with those obtained with the commonly used PLE. With straight chain esters, AtCXE18 behaved like PLE, but the Arabidopsis hydrolases proved less tolerant of branched chain acyl components than the mammalian enzyme. While none of the enzyme preparations accurately reflected all the activities determined with crude Arabidopsis protein extracts, the plant enzymes proved more useful than PLE in predicting the hydrolysis of the more sterically constrained esters.
- Cummins, Ian,Landrum, Marie,Steel, Patrick G.,Edwards, Robert
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p. 811 - 818
(2008/03/13)
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- Substituent effects of N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamides on positive allosteric modulation of the metabotropic glutamate-5 receptor in rat cortical astrocytes
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CDPPB [3-cyano-N-(1,3-diphenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide] was recently described as the first centrally active, positive allosteric modulator of rat and human metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) mGluR5 subtype. We explored the structural requirements for potentiation of glutamate-induced calcium release in naturally expressed mGluR5 in cultured rat astrocytes and increasing affinity for the allosteric antagonist binding site by evaluating 50 analogues of CDPPB. In the fluorometric calcium assay, CDPPB exhibited an EC50 value of 77 ± 15 nM in potentiating mGluR 5-mediated responses in cortical astrocytes and a Ki value of 3760 ± 430 nM in displacing [3H]methoxyPEPy binding in membranes of cultured HEK-293 cells expressing rat mGluR5. The structure-activity relationships showed that electronegative aromatic substituents in the para-position of the benzamide moiety of CDPPB increase potency. Both binding and functional activities were further increased with a halogen atom in the ortho-position of the 1-phenyl ring. These effects of substitution do not match those of either aromatic ring of MPEP [2-methyl-6-(phenylethynyl)-pyridine] for the antagonist allosteric binding site. Combination of the optimal substituents and aromatic positions resulted in 4-nitro-N-(1-(2-fluorophenyl)-3-phenyl-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzamide (VU-1545) showing Ki = 156 ± 29 nM and EC50 = 9.6 ± 1.9 nM in the binding and functional assays, respectively.
- De Paulis, Tomas,Hemstapat, Kamondanai,Chen, Yelin,Zhang, Yongqin,Saleh, Samir,Alagille, David,Baldwin, Ronald M.,Tamagnan, Gilles D.,Conn, P. Jeffrey
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p. 3332 - 3344
(2007/10/03)
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- Improved replicon cellular activity of non-nucleoside allosteric inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase: From benzimidazole to indole scaffolds
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Benzimidazole-based allosteric inhibitors of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5B polymerase were diversified to a variety of topologically related scaffolds. Replacement of the polar benzimidazole core by lipophilic indoles led to inhibitors with improved potency in the cell-based subgenomic HCV replicon system. Transposing the indole scaffold into a previously described series of benzimidazole-tryptophan amides generated the most potent inhibitors of HCV RNA replication in cell culture reported to date in this series (EC50 ~ 50 nM).
- Beaulieu, Pierre L.,Gillard, James,Bykowski, Darren,Brochu, Christian,Dansereau, Nathalie,Duceppe, Jean-Simon,Hache, Bruno,Jakalian, Araz,Lagace, Lisette,LaPlante, Steven,McKercher, Ginette,Moreau, Elaine,Perreault, Stephane,Stammers, Timothy,Thauvette, Louise,Warrington, Jeff,Kukolj, George
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p. 4987 - 4993
(2007/10/03)
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- ANTIPARASITIC TERPENE ALKALOIDS
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The present invention relates to novel terpene alkaloids and their use as antiparasitic agents. The present invention also relates to an antiparasitic agent which comprises a terpene alkaloid compound of this invention as an effective ingredient in an antiparasitic formulation. More particularly, the present invention relates to derivatives of the terpene alkaloid (1S,2R,4aS,5R,8R,8aR)-2-(acetyloxy)-8a-hydroxy-3,8-dimethyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)-1,2,4a,5,6,7,8,8a-octahydronaphthalen-1-yl (2S,3aR,9bR)-6-chloro-9b-hydroxy-5-methyl-1,2,3,3a,5,9b-hexahydropyrrolo[2,3-c][2,1]benzoxazine-2-carboxylate. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the same are also disclosed.
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- CYCLIC AMIDES AND IMIDES HAVING SELECTIVE ANTAGONIST ACTIVITY AT ALPHA-1D ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR
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Compounds (I) R and R1 independently = H or C1-C4 alkyl or together = (CH2)2-6, n=0 or 1, ...... is a single or a double bond, A=CO or CH2, A1 represents a CO or CH2 or CH, each R3 independently = H or C1-C4 alkyl, B is B1 or B2 (B2); Y=N or CH, R2 = halogen, C1-C4 alkyl or CN, R5 = halogen, C1-C4 alkyl, polyfluoroalkyl or NO2, R6 = H or halogen, m is 1 to 3, Z = O, S, NH or NMe) interact selectively with the alpha 1D subtype of the alpha 1 adrenergic receptor. This selectively makes these compounds useful agents in tissues particularly rich in alpha 1D adrenergic receptors, thus useful in reducing contractility of an unstable urinary bladder, in the treatment and prevention of atherosclerosis as they are inhibitors of noradrenaline-mediated cell proliferation in smooth muscles, and in reducing vascular adrenergic tone. The preparation of these compounds, their enantiomers, diastereoisomers, N-oxides and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, and pharmaceutical compositions containing them are also claimed.
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- INHIBITORS OF HEPATITIS C VIRUS RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE, AND COMPOSITIONS AND TREATMENTS USING THE SAME
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Compounds of formula (I) are hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) inhibitors, and are useful in therapeutic and prophylactic treatment of persons infected with hepatitis C virus.
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Page/Page column 35
(2010/02/07)
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- Chemoenzymatic synthesis of enantiopure isopropyl (3R)- and (3S)-3-hydroxycyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylates and their reduction to isomers of isopropyl 3-hydroxy-cyclohexane-1-carboxylate
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Reduction of an α,β-unsaturated cyclic ketone with Geotrichum candidum affords the corresponding (S)-allylic alcohol, while enantiospecific oxidation of the corresponding racemic alcohols leaves the (R)-enantiomer unchanged, giving access to both enantiomeric forms. Subsequent chemical reduction of the double bond of these homochiral allylic alcohol allows all isomers of the corresponding cyclohexanols to be obtained.
- Fonteneau, Laure,Rosa, Sandra,Buisson, Didier
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p. 579 - 585
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of potential anticonvulsants based on 2-piperidinecarboxylic acid and related pharmacophores
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Using N-(2,6-dimethyl)phenyl-2-piperidinecarboxamide (1) and N-(α-methylbenzyl)-2-piperidinecarboxamide (2) as structural leads, a variety of analogues were synthesised and evaluated for anticonvulsant activity in the MES test in mice. In the N-benzyl series, introduction of 3-Cl, 4-Cl, 3,4-Cl2, or 3-CF3 groups on the aromatic ring led to an increase in MES activity. Replacement of the α-methyl group by either i-Pr or benzyl groups enhanced MES activity with no increase in neurotoxicity. Substitution on the piperidine ring nitrogen led to a decrease in MES activity and neurotoxicity, while reduction of the amide carbonyl led to a complete loss of activity. Movement of the carboxamide group to either the 3- or 4-positions of the piperidine ring decreased MES activity and neurotoxicity. Incorporation of the piperidine ring into a tetrahydroisoquinoline or diazahydrinone nucleus led to increased neurotoxicity. In the N-(2,6-dimethyl)phenyl series, opening of the piperidine ring between the 1- and 6-positions gave the active norleucine derivative 75 (ED50 = 5.8 mg kg-1, TD50 = 36.4 mg kg-1, PI = 6.3). Replacement of the piperidine ring of 1 by cycloalkane (cyclohexane, cyclopentane, and cyclobutane) resulted in compounds with decreased MES activity and neurotoxicity, whereas replacement of the piperidine ring by a 4-pyridyl group led to a retention of MES activity with a comparable PI. Simplification of the 2-piperidinecarboxamide nucleus of 1 into a glycinecarboxamide nucleus led to about a six-fold decrease in MES activity. The 2,6-dimethylanilides were the most potent compounds in the MES test in each group of compounds evaluated, and compounds 50 and 75 should be useful leads in the development of agents for the treatment of tonic-clonic and partial seizures in man.
- Ho, Bin,Michael Crider,Stables, James P
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p. 265 - 286
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis of cyclopentyl 2-thienyl ketone tiletamine and tiletamine acid addition salts such as tiletamine hydrochloride
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Solid, non-tin-containing catalysts can be used for the synthesis of cyclopentyl 2-thienyl ketone by the reaction of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid chloride and thiophene, while achieving new and unexpected yields. Aluminum trichloride is both cheaper than stannic chloride and it is easier to deal with as a waste stream. The successful use of graphite as a catalyst for the reaction of cyclopentanecarboxylic acid chloride and thiophene provides a mild and ecologically friendly method for carrying out the Friedel-Crafts reaction. A tiletamine-free base can be made from the cyclopentyl 2-thienyl ketone with a halide in the presence of a solvent for the cyclopentyl 2-thienyl ketone to form a halogenated cyclopentane 2-thienyl ketone; aminating the halogenated cyclopentane 2-thienyl ketone by reaction with an amine; and subjecting the reaction product to thermal rearrangement, in a suitable solvent, and at a sufficient temperature to form tiletamine free base. Each step for the formation of tiletamine free base can be accomplished using the same solvent, e.g., dichlorobenzene so that intermediates need not be isolated between reactions.
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- A1 adenosine receptor antagonists as ligands for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET).
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The high affinity of 8-cyclopentyl-1,3-dipropylxanthine (CPX) for the A1 adenosine receptor (A1AR) provides a good lead for developing radioligands suitable for positron emission tomography (PET) and single-photon emission tomography (SPET). This study tested the hypothesis that the kinds of chemical modifications made in the synthesis of CPX analogues containing carbon-11, fluorine-18, or radioiodine will not alter affinity for the A1AR. This report describes the synthesis and radioligand binding assays of unlabeled CPX analogues having methyl, 2-methoxyethyl, 2-fluoropropyl, or 3-fluoropropyl substituents, respectively, at either N-1 (13a-d) or N-3 (8a-d) or an (E)-3-iodoprop-2-en-1-yl substituent at N-3 (8f). Compounds 8d,f and 13b,d antagonized the binding of [3H]CPX to the A1AR of rat brain with affinities similar to those of CPX; compound 8c was twice as potent as CPX. Analogues 8a,b and 13a were less potent than CPX, but for each the Ki of antagonism was > or = 0.5 nM. Attempts to iodinate the 8-(4-hydroxyphenyl) analogue of CPX failed, probably because the xanthine substituent strongly deactivated the phenol toward electrophilic iodination. In summary, several of the modifications of the propyl groups of CPX needed to produce ligands for imaging by PET and SPET preserve or enhance affinity for the A1AR.
- Holschbach,Fein,Krummeich,Lewis,Wutz,Schwabe,Unterlugauer,Olsson
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p. 555 - 563
(2007/10/03)
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- Potent and subtype-selective CCK-B/gastrin receptor antagonists: 2,4-dioxo-1,5-benzodiazepines with a plane of symmetry
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A series of CCK-B/gastrin receptor antagonists, 2,4-dioxo-1,5-benzodiazepine derivatives with a plane of symmetry, were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for antagonistic activity. Structure-activity relationship studies revealed that carbonylmethyl groups at both N-1 and N-5 positions and hydrophilic groups, such as the carboxyl group on the benzene ring attached to the ureido group at the C-3 position, brought about potent affinity and subtype selectivity for CCK-B/gastrin receptors. Several compounds showed excellent in vivo inhibition of gastric acid secretion induced by pentagastrin in anesthetized rats.
- Hagishita, Sanji,Seno, Kaoru,Kamata, Susumu,Haga, Nobuhiro,Ishihara, Yasunobu,Ishikawa, Michio,Shimamura, Mayumi
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p. 1433 - 1446
(2007/10/03)
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- Haem d1: Development of a new coupling procedure leading to the synthesis of isobacteriochlorins
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A new approach has been developed for construction of the western and eastern lactams, e.g. 2 and 3, needed for synthesis of isobacteriochlorins. It involves acylation of pyrroles with lactonic acids to form ketones. These are then efficiently converted into the desired lactams by a short sequence of reactions. All the steps are high yielding and simple to carry out.
- Mackman, Richard L.,Micklefield, Jason,Block, Michael H.,Leeper, Finian J.,Battersby, Alan R.
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p. 2111 - 2122
(2007/10/03)
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