- Marine-derived 2-aminoimidazolone alkaloids. Leucettamine B-related polyandrocarpamines inhibit mammalian and protozoan DYRK & CLK kinases
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A large diversity of 2-aminoimidazolone alkaloids is produced by various marine invertebrates, especially by the marine Calcareous sponges Leucetta and Clathrina. The phylogeny of these sponges and the wide scope of 2-aminoimidazolone alkaloids they produce are reviewed in this article. The origin (invertebrate cells, associated microorganisms, or filtered plankton), physiological functions, and natural molecular targets of these alkaloids are largely unknown. Following the identification of leucettamine B as an inhibitor of selected protein kinases, we synthesized a family of analogues, collectively named leucettines, as potent inhibitors of DYRKs (dual-specificity, tyrosine phosphorylation regulated kinases) and CLKs (cdc2-like kinases) and potential pharmacological leads for the treatment of several diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease and Down syndrome. We assembled a small library of marine sponge- and ascidian-derived 2-aminoimidazolone alkaloids, along with several synthetic analogues, and tested them on a panel of mammalian and protozoan kinases. Polyandrocarpamines A and B were found to be potent and selective inhibitors of DYRKs and CLKs. They inhibited cyclin D1 phosphorylation on a DYRK1A phosphosite in cultured cells. 2-Aminoimidazolones thus represent a promising chemical scaffold for the design of potential therapeutic drug candidates acting as specific inhibitors of disease-relevant kinases, and possibly other disease-relevant targets.
- Loa?c, Nadège,Attanasio, Eletta,Villiers, Beno t,Durieu, Emilie,Tahtouh, Tania,Cam, Morgane,Davis, Rohan A.,Alencar, Aline,Roué, Mélanie,Bourguet-Kondracki, Marie-Lise,Proksch, Peter,Limanton, Emmanuelle,Guiheneuf, Solène,Carreaux, Fran ois,Bazureau, Jean-Pierre,Klautau, Michelle,Meijer, Laurent
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- Novel prodrugs with a spontaneous cleavable guanidine moiety
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Water-soluble prodrug strategy is a practical alternative for improving the drug bioavailability of sparingly-soluble drugs with reduced drug efficacy. Many water-soluble prodrugs of sparingly-soluble drugs, such as the phosphate ester of a drug, have been reported. Recently, we described a novel water-soluble prodrug based on O–N intramolecular acyl migration. However, these prodrug approaches require a hydroxy group in the structure of their drugs, and other prodrug approaches are often restricted by the structure of the parent drugs. To develop prodrugs with no restriction in the structure, we focused on a decomposition reaction of arginine methyl ester. This reaction proceeds at room temperature under neutral conditions, and we applied this reaction to the prodrug strategy for drugs with an amino group. We designed and synthesized novel prodrugs of representative sparingly soluble drugs phenytoin and sulfathiazole. Phenytoin and sulfathiazole were obtained as stable salt that were converted to parent drugs under physiological conditions. Phenytoin prodrug 3 showed a short half-life (t1/2) of 13?min, whereas sulfathiazole prodrug 7 had a moderate t1/2of 40?min. Prodrugs 3 and 7 appear to be suitable for use as an injectable formulation and orally administered drug, respectively.
- Hamada, Yoshio
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supporting information
p. 1685 - 1689
(2016/07/29)
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- Meteorites as catalysts for prebiotic chemistry
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From outer space: Twelve meteorite specimens, representative of their major classes, catalyse the synthesis of nucleobases, carboxylic acids, aminoacids and low-molecular-weight compounds from formamide (see figure). Different chemical pathways are identified, the yields are high for a prebiotic process and the products come in rich and composite panels.
- Saladino, Raffaele,Botta, Giorgia,Delfino, Michela,Di Mauro, Ernesto
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p. 16916 - 16922
(2014/01/06)
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- Syntheses of N-acylisoxazolidine derivatives, related to a partial structure found in zetekitoxin AB, A golden frog poison
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Syntheses of four N-acylisoxazolidine derivatives related to a partial structure of zetekitoxin AB were described. 13C NMR spectra of these compounds could not explain an unusual chemical shift observed in the N-acylisoxazolidine moiety of zete
- Nishikawa, Toshio,Urabe, Daisuke,Isobe, Minoru
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scheme or table
p. 379 - 385
(2009/12/03)
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- Decomposition of 1-(ω-aminoalkanoyl)guanidines under alkaline conditions
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The decomposition of some NG-(ω-aminoalkanoyl)argininamides, which are key intermediates for the preparation of radiolabeled and fluorescent neuropeptide Y receptor ligands, prompted us to synthesize a small series of simple 1-(ω-aminoalkanoyl)guanidines, and to investigate these model compounds for stability in alkaline buffers. The degradation of acylguanidines was monitored by time resolved UV spectroscopy. The most labile compound, 1-(5-aminopentanoyl)guanidine, decomposed with a half life of 19 s to yield piperidin-2-one (pH 10.4 at 25 °C). In contrast the half life of 1-(6-aminohexanoyl)guanidine is 7.7 h, which is comparable to the hydrolysis of acetylguanidine (t1/2 = 9.6 h) in alkaline solution.
- Brennauer, Albert,Keller, Max,Freund, Matthias,Bernhardt, Günther,Buschauer, Armin
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p. 6996 - 6999
(2008/03/12)
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- Isolation of a novel protein tyrosine phosphatase inhibitor, 2-methyl-fervenulone, and its precursors from Streptomyces
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High-throughput screening identified an extract from Streptomyces sp. IM 2096 with inhibitory activity toward several protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs). Four 1,2,4-triazine compounds 2096A-D (1-4) were isolated from this extract and their structures elucidated by interpretation of spectroscopic data and confirmed by degradation and synthesis. The novel glycocyamidine derivatives 1 and 2 are diastereomers and may interconvert. Both are inactive in the PTP inhibition assay. Compounds 1 and 2 are unstable and partially decompose to 3 and glycocyamidine (5) at room temperature. Compound 3, known as MSD-92 or 2-methyl-fervenulone, is a broad-specificity PTP inhibitor with comparable potency to vanadate. The imidazo[4,5-e]-1,2,4-triazine (4), inactive in the PTP-inhibition assay, may be a degradation product of 3.
- Wang,Kah Leong Lim,Su Ling Yeo,Xu,Mui Mui Sim,Ting,Wang,Yee,Tan,Pallen
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p. 1641 - 1646
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and Anticonvulsant Activity of 2-Iminohydantoins
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Iminohydantoins selectively substituted at position C-5 and their 1-carbobenzoxy derivatives have been synthesized, and their anticonvulsant activity was evaluated in mice.In general, the more lipophilic 1-carbobenzoxy iminohydantoins were more potent than the unsubstituted counterparts.Evaluation of the individual enantiomers of the chiral iminohydantoins showed that the anticonvulsant activity resided primarily in the S isomers.In this study, (S)-(+)-1-carbobenzoxy-5-isobutyl-2-iminohydantoin (9a) was the most active member.This compound was not nearly as active as phenythoin against electrically induced convulsions, but was also active against pentylenetetrazole-induced seizures, suggesting a broader clinical potential.The closest analogue of phenytoin, viz., 5,5-diphenyl-2-iminohydantoin (1), failed to show any significant activity.Methylation on N-3 or the imino nitrogen of 1 also did not provide a compound with substantial activity. 2-Thiophenytoin was not active against electoshock seizures and showed only a weak activity against pentylenetetrazole.This study suggested that the structure-activity relationship of 2-iminohydantoins was quite different from that of 2-hydantoins.
- Kwon, Chul-Hoon,Iqbal, Muhammad Tahir,Wurpel, John N. D.
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p. 1845 - 1849
(2007/10/02)
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