- An expedient synthesis of 9-hydroxyellipticine
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9-Hydroxyellipticine (9-hydroxy-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazole) has been synthesized from ellipticine via a direct regioselective formylation, followed by a Baeyer-Villiger oxidation.
- Plug,Koomen,Pandit
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- Synthesis and cytotoxicity of novel bisellipticines and bisisoellipticines
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A series of bis-ellipticines 7-9 and bis-isoellipticines 10-12 tethered through the indole nitrogen was synthesized and screened for antitumor cytotoxicity in the L-1210 murine leukemia assay. Activity was only displayed by 1,10-bis(6-ellipticinyl)-?-decane (8).
- Obaza-Nutaitis, Judy A.,Gribble, Gordon W.
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p. 171 - 187
(2019/07/31)
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- Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of 9-hydroxyellipticine derivatives with glucose conjugation via triazolylmethyl succinate linker
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Three types of novel 9-hydroxyellipticine derivatives 7a-c with glucose conjugation, linked by a triazolylmethyl succinic ester bond, were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity against HeLa S-3 and 293T cells was evaluated together with ellipticine (1) and 9-hydroxyellipticine (3). These new compounds 7a-c exhibited potent antitumor activity against HeLa S-3 and 293T, and water solubility of 7a was greatly higher than those of 1 and 3. The effects of an -OCH2CH2-spacer and the amino sugar moiety on the antitumor activity were examined using 7b,c. Furthermore, one of these glucose-conjugates 7a was applied to hydrolysis, catalyzed by carboxyesterase, leading to the formation of 3 under physiological conditions.
- Sato, Naoya,Kawai, Yu,Akaba, Yosuke,Honma, Shoji,Sakai, Norio,Konakahara, Takeo
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p. 664 - 679
(2016/05/09)
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- SMALL MOLECULES TARGETING REPEAT r(CGG) SEQUENCES
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The invention provides a series of bioactive small molecules that target expanded r(CGG) repeats, termed r(CGG)exp, that causes Fragile X-associated Tremor Ataxia Syndrome (FXTAS). The compound was identified by using information on the chemotypes and RNA motifs that interact. Specifically, 9-hydroxy-5,11-dimethyl-2-(2-(piperidin-1-yl)ethyl)-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazol-2-ium, binds the 5′CG/3′GGC motifs in r(CGG)exp and disrupts a toxic r(CGG)exp-protein complex. Specifically, dimeric compounds incorporating two 9-hydroxyellipticine analog structures can even more potently bind the 5′CGG/3′GGC motifs in r(CGG)exp and disrupts a toxic r(CGG)exp-protein complex. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies determined that the alkylated pyridyl and phenolic side chains are important chemotypes that drive molecular recognition of r(CGG) repeats, such as r(CGG)exp. Importantly, the compound is efficacious in FXTAS model cellular systems as evidenced by its ability to improve FXTAS-associated pre-mRNA splicing defects and to reduce the size and number of r(CGG)exp-protein aggregates.
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- Synthesis and in vitro antitumor activity of novel 2-alkyl-5- methoxycarbonyl-11-methyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazol-2-ium and 2-alkylellipticin-2-ium chloride derivatives
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Twenty-one types of novel ellipticine derivatives and pyridocarbazoles (5-methoxycarbonyl-11-methyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles) with a nitrosourea moiety, linked by an oxydiethylene unit at the 2 position, were synthesized, and their cytotoxicity against HeLa S-3 cells was evaluated. Some of these new compounds exhibited potent antitumor activity by comparison with that of ellipticine.
- Mori, Ryota,Kato, Asako,Komenoi, Kousuke,Kurasaki, Haruaki,Iijima, Touru,Kawagoshi, Masashi,Kiran,Takeda, Sho,Sakai, Norio,Konakahara, Takeo
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- Cytochrome b5 increases cytochrome P450 3A4-mediated activation of anticancer drug ellipticine to 13-hydroxyellipticine whose covalent binding to DNA is elevated by sulfotransferases and N,O-acetyltransferases
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The antineoplastic alkaloid ellipticine is a prodrug, whose pharmacological efficiency is dependent on its cytochrome P450 (P450)- and/or peroxidase-mediated activation in target tissues. The P450 3A4 enzyme oxidizes ellipticine to five metabolites, mainly to 13-hydroxy- and 12- hydroxyellipticine, the metabolites responsible for the formation of ellipticine-13-ylium and ellipticine-12-ylium ions that generate covalent DNA adducts. Cytochrome b5 alters the ratio of ellipticine metabolites formed by P450 3A4. While the amounts of the detoxication metabolites (7-hydroxy- and 9-hydroxyellipticine) were not changed with added cytochrome b5, 12-hydroxy- and 13-hydroxyellipticine, and ellipticine N 2-oxide increased considerably. The P450 3A4-mediated oxidation of ellipticine was significantly changed only by holo-cytochrome b5, while apo-cytochrome b5 without heme or Mn-cytochrome b5 had no such effect. The change in amounts of metabolites resulted in an increased formation of covalent ellipticine-DNA adducts, one of the DNA-damaging mechanisms of ellipticine antitumor action. The amounts of 13-hydroxy- and 12-hydroxyellipticine formed by P450 3A4 were similar, but more than 7-fold higher levels of the adduct were formed by 13-hydroxyellipticine than by 12-hydroxyellipticine. The higher susceptibility of 13-hydroxyellipticine toward heterolytic dissociation to ellipticine-13-ylium in comparison to dissociation of 12-hydroxyellipticine to ellipticine-12-ylium, determined by quantum chemical calculations, explains this phenomenon. The amounts of the 13- hydroxyellipticine-derived DNA adduct significantly increased upon reaction of 13-hydroxyellipticine with either 3′-phosphoadenosine-5′- phosphosulfate or acetyl-CoA catalyzed by human sulfotransferases 1A1, 1A2, 1A3, and 2A1, or N,O-acetyltransferases 1 and 2. The calculated reaction free energies of heterolysis of the sulfate and acetate esters are by 10-17 kcal/mol more favorable than the energy of hydrolysis of 13-hydroxyellipticine, which could explain the experimental data.
- Stiborova, Marie,Indra, Radek,Moserova, Michaela,Cerna, Vera,Rupertova, Martina,Martinek, Vaclav,Eckschlager, Tomas,Kizek, Rene,Frei, Eva
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experimental part
p. 1075 - 1085
(2012/08/13)
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- Design, Synthesis, and Study of 9-Substituted Ellipticine and 2-Methylellipticinium Analogues as Potential CNS-Selective Antitumor Agents
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N,N-Dimethylformamide (DMF) dineopentyl acetal-mediated O-alkylations of 9-hydroxyellipticine gave 9-ethoxy-, 9-(1-methylethoxy)-, and 9-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)ellipticine (3a, 4a, and 5a, respectively). Methylation of the O-alkylellipticines gave the corresponding N-methylpyridinium iodides (3b, 4b, and 5b). The iodides were converted to the acetates (3c, 4c, and 5c) by ion-exchange resin. Attempts to prepare 9-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)ellipticine (6a) using the DMF acetal gave 10-(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)-9-hydroxyellipticine (8a). 9-(2,2,2-Trifluoroethoxy)- and 9-phenoxyellipticine (6a and 7a, respectively) were prepared by total synthesis. The ellipticines and N-methylellipticinium derivatives were evaluated for in vitro antitumor activity against a panel of human tumors. 2-Methyl-9-(1,1-dimethylethoxy)ellipticinium acetate (5c) was inactive, but all of the other compounds exhibited significant antitumor activity. The ellipticines showed no significant subpanel specificity; however, the N-methylellipticinium compounds tested did exhibit specificity for the CNS tumor subpanel.
- Anderson, Wayne K.,Gopalsamy, Ariamala,Reddy, Peech S.
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p. 1955 - 1963
(2007/10/02)
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- Colorimetric estimation of 9-hydroxyellipticine and its degradation derivatives
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The decomposition reactions of 9-hydroxyellipticine (1), an anticancer agent which involve the formation of 9-oxoellipticine have been used to measure 1 quantitatively by reflection on paper surfaces.
- Formysin,Bourgois
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p. 352 - 355
(2007/10/02)
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- 9-Acyloxy-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-B]carbazoles
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9-Acyloxy-5,11-dimethyl-6H-pyrido[4,3-b]carbazoles of the formula SPC1 Wherein R1 is acyl and R2 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, are described. The end products actively inhibit the growth of transplantable tumors, and are therefore useful as cytostatic agents.
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