- An efficient Pd@Pro-GO heterogeneous catalyst for the α, β-dehydrogenation of saturated aldehyde and ketones
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An Efficient Pd@Pro-GO heterogeneous catalyst was developed that can promote the α, β-dehydrogenation of saturated aldehyde and ketones in the yield of 73% ? 92% at mild conditions without extra oxidants and additives. Pd@Pro-GO heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized via two steps: firstly, the Pro-GO was obtained by the esterification reaction between graphene oxide (GO) and N-(tert-Butoxycarbonyl)-L-proline (Boc-Pro-OH), followed by removing the protection group tert-Butoxycarbonyl (Boc), which endowed the proline-functionalized GO with both the lewis acid site (COOH) and the bronsted base site (NH), besides, the pyrrolidine of proline also can form imine with aldehydes to activate these substrates; Second, palladium was dispersed on the proline-functionalized GO (Pro-GO) to obtained heterogeneous catalyst Pd@Pro-GO. Mechanistic studies have shown that the Pd@Pro-GO-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenation of saturated aldehyde and ketones was realized by an improved heterogeneously catalyzed Saegusa oxidation reaction. Based on the obove characteristics, the Pd@Pro-GO will be widely used in the transition metal catalytic field.
- Pan, Gao-Fei,Wang, Zhe,Chang, Yi-Yuan,Hao, Yue,Wang, Yi-Chen,Xing, Rui-Guang
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supporting information
(2021/12/30)
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- Substrate-Controlled Chemo-/Enantioselective Synthesis of α-Benzylated Enals and Chiral Cyclopropane-Fused 2-Chromanone Derivatives
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Substrate-controlled cascade reactions between α,β-unsaturated aldehydes or their analogues and 2,4-dinitrobenzyl chloride in the presence of a chiral secondary amine as the catalyst and base were developed, to obtain a broad spectrum of α-benzylated enals and enantioenriched cyclopropane-fused chroman-2-one derivatives. The cyclopropane-tethered iminium ion clearly served as a key intermediate in these reactions to trigger stereochemical outcomes, one of which was supported by a control experiment. (Figure presented.).
- Byeon, Huimyoung,Ryu, Sunghyeon,Yoo, Eun Jeong,Yang, Jung Woon
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supporting information
p. 5085 - 5091
(2021/09/20)
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- Potent Inhibition of Nicotinamide N-Methyltransferase by Alkene-Linked Bisubstrate Mimics Bearing Electron Deficient Aromatics
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Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) methylates nicotinamide (vitamin B3) to generate 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA). NNMT overexpression has been linked to a variety of diseases, most prominently human cancers, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. The development of small-molecule NNMT inhibitors has gained interest in recent years, with the most potent inhibitors sharing structural features based on elements of the nicotinamide substrate and the S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) cofactor. We here report the development of new bisubstrate inhibitors that include electron-deficient aromatic groups to mimic the nicotinamide moiety. In addition, a trans-alkene linker was found to be optimal for connecting the substrate and cofactor mimics in these inhibitors. The most potent NNMT inhibitor identified exhibits an IC50 value of 3.7 nM, placing it among the most active NNMT inhibitors reported to date. Complementary analytical techniques, modeling studies, and cell-based assays provide insights into the binding mode, affinity, and selectivity of these inhibitors.
- Buijs, Ned,Campagna, Roberto,Emanuelli, Monica,Gao, Yongzhi,Gutiérrez-De-Terán, Hugo,Innocenti, Paolo,Jespers, Willem,Martin, Nathaniel I.,Parsons, Richard B.,Sartini, Davide,Van Haren, Matthijs J.,Van Westen, Gerard J. P.,Zhang, Yurui
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p. 12938 - 12963
(2021/09/11)
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- TREATMENT OF DISORDERS ASSOCIATED WITH OXIDATIVE STRESS AND COMPOUNDS FOR SAME
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The present invention relates to the treatment of disorders associated with oxidative stress including neuropathic pain and small synthetically derived compounds for treating such disorders.
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Page/Page column 50; 54
(2021/09/17)
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- Method for preparing olefine aldehyde by catalyzing terminal alkyne or terminal conjugated eneyne and diphosphine ligand used in method
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The invention discloses a method for preparing olefine aldehyde by catalyzing terminal alkyne or terminal conjugated eneyne and a diphosphine ligand used in the method. According to the invention, indole-substituted phosphoramidite diphosphine ligand which is stable in air and insensitive to light is synthesized by utilizing a continuous one-pot method, and the indole-substituted phosphoramidite diphosphine ligand and a rhodium catalyst are used for jointly catalyzing to successfully achieve a hydroformylation reaction of aromatic terminal alkyne and terminal conjugated eneyne under the condition of synthesis gas for the first time, so that an olefine aldehyde structure compound can be rapidly and massively prepared, and particularly, a polyolefine aldehyde structure compound which is more difficult to synthesize in the prior art can be easily prepared and synthesized, and a novel method is provided for synthesis and modification of drug molecules, intermediates and chemical products.
- -
-
Paragraph 0133-0136
(2021/05/29)
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- Enantioselective Organocatalytic Synthesis of 1,2,3-Trisubstituted Cyclopentanes
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An organocatalytic asymmetric domino Michael/α-alkylation reaction between enals and non-stabilized alkyl halides has been developed. Chiral secondary amine catalyzed cyclization reaction of 1-bromo-3-nitropropane with α,β-unsaturated aldehydes provides 1,2,3-trisubstituted cyclopentane carbaldehydes with high diastereo- (dr up to 8 : 1) and enantioselectivities (ee up to 96 %).
- ?otolová, Martina,Kamlar, Martin,Reme?, Marek,Géant, Pierre-Yves,Císa?ová, Ivana,?tícha, Martin,Vesely, Jan
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p. 5080 - 5089
(2021/09/30)
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- Selective Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation of Terminal Arylalkynes and Conjugated Enynes to (Poly)enals Enabled by a π-Acceptor Biphosphoramidite Ligand
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The hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and enynes offers a straightforward synthetic route to the valuable (poly)enals. However, the hydroformylation of terminal alkynes has remained a long-standing challenge. Herein, an efficient and selective Rh-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal arylalkynes and conjugated enynes has been achieved by using a new stable biphosphoramidite ligand with strong π-acceptor capacity, which affords various important E-(poly)enals in good yields with excellent chemo- and regioselectivity at low temperatures and low syngas pressures.
- Zhao, Jiangui,Zheng, Xueli,Tao, Shaokun,Zhu, Yuxin,Yi, Jiwei,Tang, Songbai,Li, Ruixiang,Chen, Hua,Fu, Haiyan,Yuan, Maolin
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supporting information
p. 6067 - 6072
(2021/08/16)
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- One-Pot Preparation of (E)-α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes by a Julia-Kocienski Reaction of 2,2-Dimethoxyethyl PT Sulfone Followed by Acid Hydrolysis
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(E)-α,β-Unsaturated aldehydes were synthesized by the Julia-Kocienski reaction of 2,2-dimethoxyethyl 1-phenyl-1H-tetrazol-5-yl (PT) sulfone 3 with various aldehydes, followed by acid hydrolysis. The reaction could be carried out in one pot, and various (E)-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were obtained in a short time and with high yields.
- Ando, Kaori,Watanabe, Haruka,Zhu, Xiaoxian
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p. 6969 - 6973
(2021/05/06)
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- Iron-Catalyzed ?±,?-Dehydrogenation of Carbonyl Compounds
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An iron-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds was developed. A broad spectrum of carbonyls or analogues, such as aldehyde, ketone, lactone, lactam, amine, and alcohol, could be converted to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts in a simple one-step reaction with high yields.
- Zhang, Xiao-Wei,Jiang, Guo-Qing,Lei, Shu-Hui,Shan, Xiang-Huan,Qu, Jian-Ping,Kang, Yan-Biao
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supporting information
p. 1611 - 1615
(2021/03/03)
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- Biocatalytic reduction of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to allylic alcohols
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We have developed robust in vivo and in vitro biocatalytic systems that enable reduction of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to allylic alcohols and their saturated analogues. These compounds are prevalent scaffolds in many industrial chemicals and pharmaceuticals. A substrate profiling study of a carboxylic acid reductase (CAR) investigating unexplored substrate space, such as benzo-fused (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids and α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids, revealed broad substrate tolerance and provided information on the reactivity patterns of these substrates. E. coli cells expressing a heterologous CAR were employed as a multi-step hydrogenation catalyst to convert a variety of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids to the corresponding saturated primary alcohols, affording up to >99percent conversion. This was supported by the broad substrate scope of E. coli endogenous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), as well as the unexpected CC bond reducing activity of E. coli cells. In addition, a broad range of benzofused (hetero)aromatic carboxylic acids were converted to the corresponding primary alcohols by the recombinant E. coli cells. An alternative one-pot in vitro two-enzyme system, consisting of CAR and glucose dehydrogenase (GDH), demonstrates promiscuous carbonyl reductase activity of GDH towards a wide range of unsaturated aldehydes. Hence, coupling CAR with a GDH-driven NADP(H) recycling system provides access to a variety of (hetero)aromatic primary alcohols and allylic alcohols from the parent carboxylates, in up to >99percent conversion. To demonstrate the applicability of these systems in preparative synthesis, we performed 100 mg scale biotransformations for the preparation of indole-3-aldehyde and 3-(naphthalen-1-yl)propan-1-ol using the whole-cell system, and cinnamyl alcohol using the in vitro system, affording up to 85percent isolated yield.
- Aleku, Godwin A.,Leys, David,Roberts, George W.
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p. 3927 - 3939
(2020/07/09)
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- Highly Regio- A nd Enantioselective Hydrogenation of Conjugated α-Substituted Dienoic Acids
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Highly regio- A nd enantioselective hydrogenation of conjugated α-substituted dienoic acids was realized for the first time using Trifer-Rh complex, providing a straightforward method for the synthesis of chiral α-substituted ?,?′-unsaturated acids. DFT calculations revealed N+H-O hydrogen bonding interaction is formed to stabilize the transition state and the coordination of 4,5-double bond to Rh(III) center would facilitate the reductive elimination process. This hydrogenation provided a gram-scale synthesis of the precursor of sacubitril.
- Liu, Xian,Liu, Song,Wang, Quanjun,Zhou, Gang,Yao, Lin,Ouyang, Qin,Jiang, Ru,Lan, Yu,Chen, Weiping
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p. 3149 - 3154
(2020/04/09)
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- Heck Reactions of Acrolein or Enones and Aryl Bromides – Synthesis of 3-Aryl Propenals or Propenones and Consecutive Application in Multicomponent Pyrazole Syntheses
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3-(Hetero)aryl propenals or propenones are efficiently prepared by a Heck reaction of (hetero)aryl bromides and acrolein or vinyl ketones using Beller's CataCXium Ptb ligand under Jeffery's and Fu's conditions. The formation of these three-carbon building blocks is embedded into consecutive three- and pseudo-four-component syntheses of 3-(hetero)aryl and 3,5-diarylpyrazoles with a broad substitution pattern in moderate to excellent yield.
- Stephan, Marvin,Panther, Jesco,Wilbert, Fabio,Ozog, Pauline,Müller, Thomas J. J.
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supporting information
p. 2086 - 2092
(2020/03/23)
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- Boosting multiple photo-assisted and temperature controlled reactions with a single redox-switchable catalyst: Solvents as internal substrates and reducing agent
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An alternative and economically viable process for the synthesis of β-aryl enals, enones and the aryl amines has been developed by partial oxidation of ethanol, isopropanol and N, N-dimethyl formamide (DMF). The formation of β-aryl enals, enones and the aryl amines was catalyzed by a mixed metal oxides layer of cobalt and chromium supported on halloysite nanotubes, designated as CoCr2O4-HNT. The C[sbnd]C and C[sbnd]N bond formation reactions were found to be influenced by temperature and the nature of base. The condensation of aldehyde with in situ generated acetaldehyde by ethanol oxidation forming β-aryl enals occurred selectively at 120 °C. The partial oxidation of isopropanol to acetone and its condensation with aldehydes forming β-aryl enones occurred at room temperature. Increase in temperature caused the liberation of hydrogen gas from isopropanol and allowed the reversible reduction of aldehydes to alcohols. Increase in temperature in isopropanol and increase in base concentration in ethanol causes the selective reduction of aldehydes to alcohols. Besides being active for the Claisen-Schmidt type of reactions and the aryl halides amination process, the synthesized catalyst was also found to be highly active for the photocatalytic oxidation of benzyl alcohols in absence of any external oxidizing agent. The positive holes (h+) generated at the Co(II) site as evident from EPR analysis was considered to be responsible for high photocatalytic activity of the material reducing the recombination rate of holes and electrons (e?). Density Functional Theory calculations were performed to understand the mechanism of ethanol oxidation to acetaldehyde.
- Bania, Kusum K.,Baruah, Manash J.,Bhattacharyya, Pradip K.,Das, Biraj,Karunakar, Galla V.,Roy, Subhasish,Saikia, Lakshi,Saikia, Pinku,Sharma, Mukesh
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p. 104 - 121
(2020/06/01)
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- Amino acid derivative, feed composition and application thereof
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The invention provides an amino acid derivative, a feed composition and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal feed additives. The amino acid derivative is a compound with astructure shown as a formula (I), and a stereoisomer, a tautomer, a solvate, a metabolite, a feed acceptable salt or a prodrug thereof. In formula (I) shown in the specification, Z is a C1-C3 alkylene group. X is an indole ring group with a structure shown as a formula (II). The formula (II) is shown in the specification, wherein Y is phenyl with the structure shown in the formula (III) shown inthe specification. The amino acid derivative is used as an animal feed additive, and can promote the growth of animals and improve the feed conversion.
- -
-
Paragraph 0121-0123; 0126
(2020/05/14)
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- Highly γ-Regioselective 1,2-Addition of α,β-Unsaturated Oxime Ethers with Allylzinc Bromides: A Straightforward Approach for the Synthesis of Homoallylic Amines
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A highly regioselective reaction between allylzinc bromide reagents and α,β-unsaturated oxime ethers for the one-step synthesis of the homoallylic amines is reported. This process is a regioselective 1,2-addition reaction providing a new γ-position with carbon-carbon bond formation. Furthermore, the reaction substrates are widely applicable and can be produced in a high yield.
- Yang, Bo,Zhang, Songlin
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supporting information
p. 3736 - 3746
(2019/09/30)
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- Evolution of physical and photocatalytic properties of new Zn(II) and Ru(II) complexes
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Synthesis of Zn(II) and Ru(II) complexes were reported by using N4-macrocyclic Schiff base ligands under solvothermal conditions. The newly synthesized Zn(II) and Ru(II) complexes have been characterized by various physico-chemical techniques such as elemental analysis, molar conductance, HRMS, TGA, FESEM, UV–Vis, FT-IR, 1H NMR, and cyclic voltammetry. By using molar conductance studies, the complexes are formulated as [Zn(TPTTP)]Cl2 and [Ru(TPTTP)Cl2]. C–H bond activation of an sp3 group of methylstyrenes (converted into cinnamaldehydes) and C–H bond activation of the sp2 bond of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons through photooxidation was examined in the presence of Zn(II) and Ru(II) complexes. Reusable activity studies and photostability of catalyst are investigated by using UV–Vis spectra. Based on the results, higher catalytic activity of [Ru(TPTTP)Cl2] complex than [Zn(TPTTP)]Cl2 complex in both C–H bond activation and photooxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons has been reported.
- Gugulothu, Venkanna,Ahemed, Jakeer,Subburu, Mahesh,Yadagiri, Bhongiri,Mittal, Ritu,Prabhakar, Chetti,Pola, Someshwar
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p. 412 - 423
(2019/06/27)
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- Pd-Au-Y as Efficient Catalyst for C-C Coupling Reactions, Benzylic C-H Bond Activation, and Oxidation of Ethanol for Synthesis of Cinnamaldehydes
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Pd-Au nanoalloy supported on zeolite-Y (Pd-Au-Y) matrix was found to be an effective catalyst for C-Cl bond activation and oxidative coupling of 2-naphthol, leading to the formation of various biaryl products and 1,1′-bi-2-naphthol, BINOL. The same catalyst was also highly efficient for selective oxidation of benzylic alcohols to benzaldehydes. Cinnamaldehydes were obtained directly from benzaldehydes by aldol condensation with acetaldehyde generated in situ by partial oxidation of ethanol in the presence of Pd-Au-Y catalyst at 120 °C under basic condition. The biaryl products were also obtained directly from benzylic alcohols in a one-pot system by reacting with phenylboronic acid. The formation of biaryls from benzylic alcohols was believed to occur via one-pot benzylic C-H and C-Cl bond activation. A high % yield of biaryls, BINOL, aldehydes, and cinnamaldehydes was obtained by performing different reactions using the single Pd-Au-Y catalyst. The strong interaction of chloro-benzylic alcohol was predominantly located at active gold species. X-ray photoelectron and diffuse reflectance spectroscopic studies revealed the strong interaction between Pd and Au particles. Electrochemical studies provided proper evidence for the individual role of the nanoparticles (NPs) in one-pot synthesis of biaryls from benzylic alcohols.
- Sharma, Mukesh,Das, Biraj,Baruah, Manash J.,Biswas, Subir,Roy, Subhasish,Hazarika, Anil,Bhargava, Suresh K.,Bania, Kusum K.
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p. 5860 - 5875
(2019/06/17)
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- Enantioselective Organocatalytic Enamine C?H Oxidation/Diels- Alder Reaction
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α,β-unsaturated aldehydes have been traditionally used in LUMO lowering asymmetric aminocatalysis (iminium catalysis), while the use of saturated aldehydes as substrates in this type of catalysis has been elusive, until recently. Herein, we demonstrate that organic, single-electron oxidants in the presence of diarylprolinol silylether type catalysts serve as effective tools for the transformation of electron rich enamines to iminium ions which partake in a subsequent Diels-Alder reaction. This enantioselective one-pot transformation represents the first example of saturated aldehydes being used in domino Diels-Alder reaction processes and demonstrates the power of this protocol for construction of stereo-defined chiral compounds and building blocks. (Figure presented.).
- D?ambaski, Zdravko,Tzaras, Dimitrios-Ioannis,Lee, Sunggi,Kokotos, Christoforos G.,Bondzic, Bojan P.
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supporting information
p. 1792 - 1797
(2019/02/25)
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- Iron(III)/O2-Mediated Regioselective Oxidative Cleavage of 1-Arylbutadienes to Cinnamaldehydes
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A simple, efficient, and environmentally benevolent regioselective oxidative cleavage of 1-arylbutadienes to cinnamaldehydes mediated by iron(III) sulfate/O2 has been developed. The reaction offered good yields and excellent regioselectivity and showed good functional group tolerance (31 examples). The method is important, as few reports with limited substrate scope are available for such excellent oxidative cleavage of conjugated dienes.
- Bhowmik, Amit,Fernandes, Rodney A.
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supporting information
p. 9203 - 9207
(2019/11/14)
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- Phosphorous acid promoted isomerization of propargyl alcohols to α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds
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A metal-free and two-phase protocol for the Meyer-Schuster isomerization of propargyl alcohols to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds has been achieved in the presence of stoichiometric phosphorous acid aqueous solution, which produces the desired products in high yields with excellent stereoselectivity. Compared with the traditional methods, the procedure features broad scope of the substrates, mild conditions, and easy separation, providing an appealing alternative to the Meyer-Schuster reaction.
- Gan, Xiaotang,Fu, Zuqi,Liu,Yan, Yani,Chen, Chao,Zhou, Yongbo,Dong, Jianyu
-
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- Discovery of novel piperonyl derivatives as diapophytoene desaturase inhibitors for the treatment of methicillin-, vancomycin- and linezolid-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections
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Inhibition of S. aureus diapophytoene desaturase (CrtN) could serve as an alternative approach for addressing the tricky antibiotic resistance by blocking the biosynthesis of carotenoid pigment which shields the bacterium from host oxidant killing. In this study, we designed and synthesized 44 derivatives with piperonyl scaffold targeting CrtN and the structure-activity relationships (SARs) were examined extensively to bring out the discovery of 21b with potent efficacy and better hERG safety profile compared to the first class CrtN inhibitor benzocycloalkane derivative 2. Except the excellent pigment inhibitory activity against wild-type S. aureus, 21b also showed excellent pigment inhibition against four pigmented MRSA strains. In addition, H2O2 killing and human whole blood killing assays proved 21b could sensitize S. aureus to be killed under oxidative stress conditions. Notably, the murine study in vivo validated the efficacy of 21b against pigmented S. aureus Newman, vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus Mu50 and linezolid-resistant S. aureus NRS271.
- Wei, Hanwen,Mao, Fei,Ni, Shuaishuai,Chen, Feifei,Li, Baoli,Qiu, Xiaoxia,Hu, Linghao,Wang, Manjiong,Zheng, Xinyu,Zhu, Jin,Lan, Lefu,Li, Jian
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p. 235 - 251
(2018/01/17)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Formylation of Alkenylzinc Reagents with S-(4-Nitrophenyl) Thioformate
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We report the synthesis of enal compounds by palladium-catalyzed formylation of alkenylzinc reagents with S-(4-nitrophenyl) thioformate. Various functional groups were tolerated in the present reaction. 1H NMR experiments revealed that the products had a non-protected formyl group, which can be utilized for further C–C bond formation reactions. We successfully achieved the one-pot synthesis of a 1,5-diene-3-ol compound via sequential formylation and allylation.
- Haraguchi, Ryosuke,Tanazawa, Sho-Go,Tokunaga, Naoya,Fukuzawa, Shin-Ichi
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p. 1761 - 1764
(2018/04/27)
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- Barbiturate and thiobarbiturate compounds for use in cancer therapy
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Provided are methods and compositions for use in therapy, and in particular for treating cancer, preferably drug-resistant cancer, and/or radiation resistant cancer. The compounds may be used for reducing tumor size in a mammalian subject and for inducing apoptosis in a tumor cell. The methods are effective on tumor cells that are resistant to drugs such as temozolomide, doxorubicin, and geldanamycin, as well as non-resistant tumor cells. Further provided are barbiturate and thiobarbiturates diene compounds for use in treating cancer, and uses, methods and compositions relating to these compounds.
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Page/Page column 55; 56
(2018/02/28)
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- A Synthetic Methodology for Pyrroles from Nitrodienes
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Palladium complexes containing the ligand 4,7-dimethoxy-1,10-phenanthroline have been used to catalyze the reductive cyclization of nitrodienes using carbon monoxide as the reductant to give pyrroles. Carbon dioxide was the only stoichiometric byproduct of the reaction. The yields were good and the starting materials can be easily synthesized in two steps by a cross-aldol condensation reaction followed by a Henry reaction. Different substitution patterns are tolerated by this novel synthetic strategy.
- EL-Atawy, Mohamed A.,Ferretti, Francesco,Ragaini, Fabio
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p. 4818 - 4825
(2018/03/27)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Regioselective Aerobic Allylic C?H Oxygenation: Direct Synthesis of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes and Allylic Alcohols
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A protocol for the synthesis of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and allylic alcohols from simple allylic hydrocarbons with water via palladium-catalyzed functionalization of allylic C?H bonds was described. Molecular oxygen is utilized as the sole oxidant in this oxygenation of terminal alkenes. This protocol features good functional group compatibility, broad substrate scope, and high atom- and step-economy. Moreover, the synthetic utility of this method can be highlighted by its application to the synthesis of ibuprofen, which is a highly potent analgesic. (Figure presented.).
- Li, Chunsheng,Chen, Huoji,Li, Jianxiao,Li, Meng,Liao, Jianhua,Wu, Wanqing,Jiang, Huanfeng
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supporting information
p. 1600 - 1604
(2018/03/05)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Cascade Double C—N Bond Activation: A New Strategy for Aminomethylation of 1,3-Dienes with Aminals
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A new palladium-catalyzed selective aminomethylation of conjugated 1,3-dienes with aminals via double C—N bond activation is described. This simple method provides an effective and rapid approach for the synthesis of linear α,β-unsaturated allylic amines with perfect regioselectivity. Mechanistic studies disclosed that one palladium catalyst cleaved two distinct C—N bond to furnish a cascade double C—N bond activation, in which an allylic 1,3-diamine and allylic 1,2-diamine were initially formed as key intermediates through the palladium-catalyzed C—N bond activation of aminal and the α,β-unsaturated allylic amine was subsequently produced via palladium-catalyzed C—N bond activation of the allylic diamines.
- Qiao, Cuifang,Chen, Anrong,Gao, Bingjian,Liu, Yang,Huang, Hanmin
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supporting information
p. 929 - 933
(2018/09/22)
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- Copper-catalyzed formylation of alkenyl C-H bonds using BrCHCl2 as a stoichiometric formylating reagent
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The first example of copper-catalyzed direct formylation of alkenyl C-H bonds for the facile synthesis of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. This transformation has demonstrated high reactivity, mild reaction conditions and a broad substrate scope. BrCHCl2 is expected to be developed as an efficient stoichiometric C1 building block in organic synthesis.
- Bao, Yan,Wang, Gao-Yin,Zhang, Ya-Xuan,Bian, Kang-Jie,Wang, Xi-Sheng
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p. 2986 - 2990
(2018/03/23)
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- Synthesis of Enones and Enals via Dehydrogenation of Saturated Ketones and Aldehydes
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A general, efficient and economic palladium-catalyzed dehydrogenation to form enones or enals has been developed. The approach possesses extremely broad substrate scope including various linear or cyclic saturated ketones and aldehydes. The protocol is ligand-free, and molecular oxygen is used as the sole clean oxidant in the reaction. Due to mild reaction conditions, good functional group compatibility, and versatile utilities of enones and enals, the method can be applied in the late-stage synthesis of natural products, pharmaceuticals and fine chemicals. (Figure presented.).
- Pan, Gao-Fei,Zhu, Xue-Qing,Guo, Rui-Li,Gao, Ya-Ru,Wang, Yong-Qiang
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p. 4774 - 4783
(2018/11/10)
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- Palladium-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal arylacetylenes with glyoxylic acid
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A simple, practical and governable palladium-catalyzed hydroformylation of terminal arylacetylenes has been disclosed. The reaction proceeds under syngas-free conditions, using readily available glyoxylic acid as the formyl source, under mild conditions, giving rise to a broad range of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes.
- Liu, Yang,Cai, Liangzhen,Xu, Sheng,Pu, Weiwen,Tao, Xiaochun
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supporting information
p. 2166 - 2168
(2018/03/06)
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- Hendrickson reagent induced rearrangement of aryl propargyl alcohols to α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
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The Hendrickson reagent (triphenylphosphonium anhydride trifluoromethanesulfonate), prepared from the reaction of triphenylphosphine oxide (Ph3PO) and triflic anhydride (Tf2O) (2:1 stoichiometry), promotes dehydrations and various coupling reactions. The reagent has been used to transform oximes to nitriles and to prepare esters, amides and many other functional groups through the intermediacy of an alkoxyphosphonium salt. The reagent proved useful in heterocycle synthesis of thiazolines, imidazolines, quinoline precursors, isoquinolines, β-carbolines, phenanthridines, 11H-indolo[3,2-c]quinolines, quinoline-lactones, furoquinolinones, and indolizino[1,2-b]quinolin-9(11H)-ones. Moreover, the reagent has been key to the successful total synthesis of several natural products. Aryl propargyl alcohols with a terminal α-acetylenic group undergo rapid conversion to the corresponding α,β-unsaturated aldehydes at room temperature in dichloromethane in the presence of one equivalent of triphenylphosphonium anhydride trifluoromethanesulfonate. The reaction involved adding freshly distilled Tf2O (1.0 mmol) to a solution of Ph3PO (2.0 mmol) in CH2Cl2 (10 mL) at 0oC under N2 atmosphere. After stirring for 10 min, the propargyl alcohol (1.0 mmol) was added as a CH2Cl2 solution (2 mL), followed by the addition of water and Et3N (2.0 mmol) and further stirring at room temperature for 1h. Subsequent workup with 5% NaHCO3 (20 mL) and purification afforded α,β-unsaturated aldehydes. Eighteen aryl propargyl alcohol substrates with a terminal α-acetylenic group were transformed in good to excellent yields (71-85%) to enals. The methodology proved successful with secondary and tertiary alcohols with stereoselectivity favouring exclusively the E isomer. All the synthesized compounds are known and were characterized (1H,13C, and M.P) and compared to literature values. The method offers several advantages such as exclusive stereoselectivity, short reaction time, good yield, mild reaction conditions, and simple operational procedure.
- Moussa, Ziad,Aljuhani, Ateyatallah
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p. 845 - 853
(2018/11/06)
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- Synthesis of Aldehydes by Organocatalytic Formylation Reactions of Boronic Acids with Glyoxylic Acid
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Reported herein is a conceptually novel organocatalytic strategy for the formylation of boronic acids. New reactivity is engineered into the α-amino-acid-forming Petasis reaction occurring between aryl boronic acids, amines, and glyoxylic acids to prepare aldehydes. The operational simplicity of the process and its ability to generate structurally diverse and valued aryl, heteroaryl, and α,β-unsaturated aldehydes containing a wide array of functional groups, demonstrates the practical utility of the new synthetic strategy.
- Huang, He,Yu, Chenguang,Li, Xiangmin,Zhang, Yongqiang,Zhang, Yueteng,Chen, Xiaobei,Mariano, Patrick S.,Xie, Hexin,Wang, Wei
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supporting information
p. 8201 - 8205
(2017/06/30)
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- Supported palladium nanoparticles as switchable catalyst for aldehyde conjugate/s and acetate ester syntheses from alcohols
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Polymer-supported Pd(0) (Pd@PS) nanoparticles (NPs) were explored as a switchable catalyst for oxidative aldehyde conjugate/s (AC/s) and acetate esters (AEs) syntheses from alcohols. Using the same substrates, the catalyst in the presence of oxygen and K2CO3 participated in AC/s synthesis, and in the presence of traces of air and NaOtBu, unusual AEs products were obtained.
- Kumar, Sandeep,Chaudhary, Abha,Bandna,Bhattacherjee, Dhananjay,Thakur, Vandna,Das, Pralay
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supporting information
p. 3242 - 3245
(2017/07/12)
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- One-Pot l-Proline-Mediated Stereoselective α-C(sp2)–H Fluorination of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes through Methoxyfluorination–Elimination
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A one-pot, two-step l-proline-mediated stereoselective α-C(sp2)–H fluorination of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes towards their corresponding (Z)-α-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes has been developed. The first step utilises Selectfluor as a fluorinating agent in CH3NO2/MeOH forming (Z)-α-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and their corresponding dimethyl acetals through methoxyfluorination-elimination. In the second step, water is added to promote the hydrolytic cleavage of the dimethyl acetals. The obtained (Z)-α-fluoro-α,β-unsaturated aldehydes were smoothly reduced to the corresponding alcohols by using NaBH4.
- Zhou, Jiadi,Jiang, Xinpeng,Jin, Can,Guo, Zhicheng,Su, Bin,Su, Weike
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supporting information
p. 3631 - 3634
(2017/07/22)
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- Synthesis of α-pyrones by catalytic oxidative coupling of terminal alkynes and carbon dioxide
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The use of the complex [(dippe)Ni(μ-H)]2(1) as a catalyst precursor (10?mol%) in the presence of a variety of terminal alkynes and CO2allowed the production of substituted α–pyrones. This reaction occurs using relatively mild conditions (50?°C, 150 psi of CO2) with good to modest yields, depending on the nature of the substituents in the corresponding alkyne. The produced α–pyrones were characterized by different analytical methods and spectroscopic techniques.
- Oliveros-Cruz, Saray,Arévalo, Alma,García, Juventino J.
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- Highly Enantioselective Synthesis of Alkylpyridine Derivatives through a Michael/Michael/Aldol Cascade Reaction
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A method for the synthesis of pyridine derivatives based on a triple cascade reaction catalyzed by chiral secondary amines was developed. The resulting cyclohexenes (three C–C bonds were formed) were obtained in good yields with good diastereoselectivities and excellent enantioselectivities.
- Meazza, Marta,Potter, Michael,Pitak, Mateusz B.,Coles, Simon J.,Mazzanti, Andrea,Rios, Ramon
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supporting information
p. 719 - 725
(2017/02/05)
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- Metal- and Acid-Free Methyl Triflate Catalyzed Meyer-Schuster Rearrangement
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A novel metal- and acid-free preparation of synthetically useful α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds from propargyl alcohols has been realized. This Meyer-Schuster rearrangement process is effectively catalyzed by methyl triflate (20 mol%) to prepare a broad scope of conjugated E -enals and E -enones generally in good to excellent yields (up to 90%). This reaction procedure operates under mild conditions (70 °C), in air, with short reaction times (1 h). Moreover, a carbocation intermediate trapped by the solvent 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol was isolated during this transformation.
- Yang, Lu,Zeng, Qingle
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p. 3149 - 3156
(2017/07/12)
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- Tricyclohexylphosphine-Catalyzed Cycloaddition of Enynoates with [60]Fullerene and the Application of Cyclopentenofullerenes as n-Type Materials in Organic Photovoltaics
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The tricyclohexylphosphine-catalyzed [3 + 2] cycloaddition of (E)-alkyl 5-substituted phenylpent-4-en-2-ynoates with [60]fullerene was studied. This reaction undergoes an initial 1,3-addition of phosphines toward the α-carbons of enynoates. Subsequent cycloaddition of the generated 1,3-dipoles with [60]fullerene and elimination of tricyclohexylphosphines resulted in cyclopentenofullerenes in 20-43% yields. The isolated cyclopentenofullerenes were observed to serve as n-type materials in organic photovoltaics, providing a maximum average power conversion efficiency of 3.79 ± 0.29% upon embedding with P3HT in the active layer.
- Wu, An-Ju,Tseng, Po-Yen,Hsu, Wei-Hsin,Chuang, Shih-Ching
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supporting information
p. 224 - 227
(2016/02/03)
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- Expanding the scope of the Babler–Dauben oxidation: 1,3-oxidative transposition of secondary allylic alcohols
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We report the catalytic chromium-mediated oxidation of secondary allylic alcohols to give α,β-unsaturated aldehydes with exclusive (E)-stereoselectivity. This facile procedure employs catalytic PCC (5?mol?%) and periodic acid (H5IO6) as a co-oxidant. This transformation occurs specifically with aromatic substituted allyl alcohols containing both electron withdrawing and electron donating substituents as well as a range of functional groups.
- Killoran, Patrick M.,Rossington, Steven B.,Wilkinson, James A.,Hadfield, John A.
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p. 3954 - 3957
(2016/08/09)
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- Synergistic catalysis: Enantioselective addition of Alkylbenzoxazoles to Enals
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A novel catalytic enantioselective methodology based on synergistic catalysis is reported. The strategy involves: 1) the metal-Lewis-acid activation of alkylazaarenes, and 2) the secondary-amine activation of enals. Consequently, highly functionalized chiral alkylazaarenes were obtained in good yields and with reasonable stereoselectivity.
- Meazza, Marta,Ceban, Victor,Pitak, Mateusz B.,Coles, Simon J.,Rios, Ramon
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supporting information
p. 16853 - 16857
(2015/01/09)
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- α-ketophosphonates as ester surrogates: Isothiourea-catalyzed asymmetric diester and lactone synthesis
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Isothiourea HBTM-2.1 catalyzes the asymmetric Michael addition/ lactonization of aryl- and alkenylacetic acids using α-keto-β, γ-unsaturated phosphonates as α,β-unsaturated ester surrogates, giving access to a diverse range of stereodefined lactones or enantioenriched functionalized diesters upon ring-opening.
- Smith, Siobhan R.,Leckie, Stuart M.,Holmes, Reuben,Douglas, James,Fallan, Charlene,Shapland, Peter,Pryde, David,Slawin, Alexandra M. Z.,Smith, Andrew D.
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supporting information
p. 2506 - 2509
(2014/05/20)
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- COMPOUNDS FOR USE IN CANCER THERAPY
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Provided are methods and compositions for use in therapy, and in particular for treating cancer, preferably drug resistant cancer, and/or radiation resistant cancer. The compounds may be used for reducing tumor size in a mammalian subject and for inducing apoptosis in a tumor cell. The methods are effective on tumor cells that are resistant to drugs such as temozolomide, doxor-ubicin, and geldanamycin, as well as non-resistant tumor cells. Further provided are barbiturate and thiobarbiturates diene compounds for use in treating cancer, and uses, methods and compositions relating to these compounds
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Page/Page column 57
(2013/03/26)
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- Efficient synthesis of trifluoromethylated cyclopentadienes/fulvenes/ norbornenes from divinyl ketones
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The synthetic methods of trifluoromethylated cyclopentadienes/fulvenes/ norbornenes have been developed using 3-CF3-1,4-dien-3-ols as the synthons, which can be easily prepared by the regiospecific 1,2-addition of the Ruppert-Prakash reagent (TMSCF3) to divinyl ketones. All the reactions are carried out under mild, metal-free conditions to afford the corresponding products in high to excellent yields.
- Liu, Xiao,Xu, Xianxiu,Pan, Ling,Zhang, Qian,Liu, Qun
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supporting information
p. 6703 - 6706
(2013/10/01)
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- Facile synthesis of (E)-alkenyl aldehydes from allyl arenes or alkenes via Pd(II)-catalyzed direct oxygenation of allylic C-H bond
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Palladium-catalyzed oxygenation of allyl arenes or alkenes has been developed to produce (E)-alkenyl aldehydes with high yields. Allylic C-H bond cleavages occur under the mild conditions during this process. Mechanistic studies show that oxygen source is water.(Figure Presented)
- Chen, Huoji,Jiang, Huanfeng,Cai, Congbi,Dong, Jia,Fu, Wei
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 992 - 994
(2011/05/08)
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- Optimization of the potency and pharmacokinetic properties of a macrocyclic ghrelin receptor agonist (Part I): Development of ulimorelin (TZP-101) from Hit to Clinic
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High-throughput screening of Tranzyme Phar-ma's proprietary macrocycle library using the aequorin Ca2+-bioluminescence assay against the human ghrelin receptor (GRLN) led to the discovery of novel agonists against this G-protein coupled receptor. Early hits such as 1 (Ki = 86 nM, EC50 = 134 nM) though potent in vitro displayed poor pharmacokinetic properties that required optimization. While such macrocycles are not fully rule-of-five compliant, principally due to their molecular weight and clogP, optimization of their pharmacokinetic properties proved feasible largely through conformational rigidification. Extensive SAR led to the identification of 2 (Ki = 16 nM, EC50 = 29 nM), also known as ulimorelin or TZP-101, which has progressed to phase III human clinical trials for the treatment of postoperative ileus. X-ray structure and detailed NMR studies indicated a rigid peptidomimetic portion in 2 that is best defined as a nonideal type-I′ β-turn. Compound 2 is 24% orally bioavailable in both rats and monkeys. Despite its potency, in vitro and in gastric emptying studies, 2 did not induce growth hormone (GH) release in rats, thus demarcating the GH versus GI pharmacology of GRLN. (Figure presented)
- Hoveyda, Hamid R.,Marsault, Eric,Gagnon, René,Mathieu, Axel P.,Vézina, Martin,Landry, Annick,Wang, Zhigang,Benakli, Kamel,Beaubien, Sylvie,Saint-Louis, Carl,Brassard, Martin,Pinault, Jean-Fran?ois,Ouellet, Luc,Bhat, Shridhar,Ramaseshan, Mahesh,Peng, Xiaowen,Foucher, Laurence,Beauchemin, Sophie,Bhérer, Patrick,Veber, Daniel F.,Peterson, Mark L.,Fraser, Graeme L.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 8305 - 8320
(2012/01/15)
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- A highly regio- and stereoselective cascade annulation of enals and benzodi(enone)s catalyzed by N-heterocyclic carbenes
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Three stereogenic centers in a row: The unconventional activation of enal compounds mediated by an N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has generated three consecutive reactive carbon centers that undergo highly regio- and stereoselective annulations with di(enone)s to generate benzotricyclic products containing multiple stereogenic centers (see scheme).
- Fang, Xinqiang,Jiang, Kun,Xing, Chong,Hao, Lin,Chi, Yonggui Robin
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1910 - 1913
(2011/04/16)
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- Rare earth triflates/chlorotrimethylsilane induced activation of triethylamine as a latent acetaldehyde anion: a new synthesis of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes
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A synthetic methodology for α,β-unsaturated aldehydes employing rare earth triflate is reported. Activated triethylamine reacts with aldehydes to form two carbon extended aldehydes, which is promoted by a catalytic amount of Yb, Sc, Y, and In(OTf)3, in the presence of chlorotrimethylsilane. We investigated the conditions applicable to aromatic aldehydes as well as heterocyclic compounds as substrates. A deuterium labeling experiment supported our proposed reaction mechanism.
- Kagawa, Natsuko,Sasaki, Yoshiko,Kojima, Hideo,Toyota, Masahiro
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experimental part
p. 482 - 484
(2010/10/02)
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- FUSED HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUND AND USE THEREOF
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The present invention relates to wherein each symbol is as defined in the specification. The compound has a superior mineral corticoidreceptorantagonistic action and is useful as an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of hypertension, cardiac failure and the like, a compound having a fused heterocycle, or a prodrug thereof, or a salt thereof; and an agent for the prophylaxis or treatment of hypertension, cardiac failure and the like.
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Page/Page column 302-303
(2008/06/13)
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- Regiospecific photoisomerization of fluorinated (E,E)-1,4-diphenyl-1,3- butadienes
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Photoisomerization of five fluorinated E,E-1-(R-phenyl)-4-phenyl-1,3- butadienes in solution (R = 1: p-monofluoro, 2: m,m′-difluoro, 3: m,m′,p-trifluoro, 4: o,o′,m,m′-tetrafluoro, 5: o,o′,m,m′,p-pentafluoro) was investigated via direct irradiation. Our results indicated that cis-trans photoisomerization of the fluorinated 1,4-diphenyl-1,3-butadienes in the excited singlet state took place exclusively at the CC bonds closer to the fluorine substituents.
- Liu, Jin,Boarman, Kelly J.,Wendt, Natalie L.,Cardenas, Lina M.
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p. 4953 - 4956
(2007/10/03)
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- An efficient palladium-catalyzed synthesis of cinnamaldehydes from acrolein diethyl acetal and aryl iodides and bromides
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(Matrix presented) The reaction of aryl iodides and bromides with acrolein diethyl acetal in the presence of Pd(OAc)2, nBu 4NOAc, K2CO3, KCl, and DMF, at 90°C until the disappearance of the acetal followed by the addition of 2 N HCl to the crude reaction mixture, affords cinnamaldehydes in good to high yields. A variety of functional groups are tolerated in the aryl halides, including ether, aldehyde, ketone, ester, dialkylamino, nitrile, and nitro groups. The presence of substituents close to the oxidative addition site does not hamper the reaction.
- Battistuzzi, Gianfranco,Cacchi, Sandro,Fabrizi, Giancarlo
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p. 777 - 780
(2007/10/03)
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- Heck Arylation of α,β-Unsaturated Aldehydes
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The Heck arylation of α,β-unsaturated aldehydes is strongly dependent on the catalyst, the solvent and the base. Optimized conditions yielded either selectively cinnamyl derivatives (83%) or double arylation products (88% based on aryl conversion). A new α-arylation of β,β-disubstituted acrolein is also realized.
- Nejjar,Pinel,Djakovitch
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p. 612 - 619
(2007/10/03)
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