- Method for manufacturing isavuconazole or ravuconazole
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The invention provides a method for manufacturing a triazole compound isavuconazole or ravuconazole which is enriched by a diastereoisomer and enantiomer. The method comprises the following steps: a Reformatsky reaction is carried out between ketone and dihalogeno metal propionitrile; an enantiomer mixture is generated, and separation is carried out. The method can obviously reduce steps for synthesis of isavuconazole or ravuconazole, yield of products is improved, and production cost is reduced.
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Paragraph 0072; 0073
(2017/08/27)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of 4,1-Benzoxazepine-2,5-Diones -Effect of the halogen of (2S)-A-Haloacids
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Novel chiral 4,1-benzoxazepine-2,5-diones have been unusually synthesized in a single step by exploiting the chiral pool methodology. Substituted anthranilic acids afford N-Acylanthranilic acids and (3R)-3-Alkyl-4,1- benzoxazepines-2,5-dione upon coupling with a-chloroacids or a-bromoacids, respectively.
- Rubab, Syeda Laila,Nisar, Bushra,Raza, Abdul Rauf,Ullah, Nisar,Tahir, Muhammad Nawaz
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p. 139 - 148
(2014/02/14)
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- Synthesis of β-hydroxy-δ-trichloromethyl-δ-valerolactones by intramolecular samarium/ytterbium diiodide-mediated Reformatsky reaction
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The synthesis of α-methyl-β-hydroxy-δ-trichloromethyl- δ-valerolactone was achieved by an intramolecular Reformatsky reaction. The cyclisation was effected by samarium diiodide or (for the first time) ytterbium diiodide. The diastereoselectivity of the reaction corresponds to earlier investigations by Molander. Consecutive stereoselective reactions during the esterification to the Reformatsky precursor 1,1,1-trichloropent-4-en-2-yl 2-bromopropanoate and in the Reformatsky reaction itself led to (3RS,4RS,6SR)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-6-(trichloromethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-one (3a) as the major formed diastereomer. The influence of the orientation of the substituents in the transition state is discussed.
- Schulze, Thies M.,Grunenberg, J?rg,Schulz, Stefan
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supporting information
p. 921 - 924
(2013/02/25)
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- Synthesis of enantiomerically enriched-bromonitriles from amino acids
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Two methods were investigated for the preparation of six chiral-bromonitriles with different optic purities. The nitrous deamination of amino acids gives-bromoacids, which react with chlorosulfonyl isocyanate followed by triethylamine to afford-bromonitriles with moderate enantiomeric excess. However, the dehydration of corresponding-bromoamids using thionyl chloride gives-bromonitriles with good enantiomeric excess up to 94%. The use of phosphoryl chloride instead of thionyl chloride results in more than 30% racemization as determined by high-performance liquid chromatograpic analysis.
- Tka, Najeh,Kraem, Jamil,Hassine, Bechir Ben
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p. 735 - 743
(2013/01/15)
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- HETEROCYCLYLAMINES AS PI3K INHIBITORS
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The present invention provides heterocyclylamine derivatives of Formula I: wherein the variables are defined herein, that modulate the activity of phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) and are useful in the treatment of diseases related to the activity of PI3Ks including, for example, inflammatory disorders, immune-based disorders, cancer, and other diseases.
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Paragraph 1063
(2013/03/26)
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- Synthesis, enantioresolution, and activity profile of chiral 6-methyl-2,4-disubstituted pyridazin-3(2H)-ones as potent N-formyl peptide receptor agonists
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A series of chiral pyridazin-3(2H)-ones was synthesized, separated as pure enantiomers, and evaluated for N-formyl peptide receptor (FPR) agonist activity. Characterization of the purified enantiomers using combined chiral HPLC and chiroptical studies (circular dichroism, allowed unambiguous assignment of the absolute configuration for each pair of enantiomers). Evaluation of the ability of racemic mixtures and purified enantiomers to stimulate intracellular Ca 2+ flux in FPR-transfected HL-60 cells and human neutrophils and to induce β-arrestin recruitment in FPR-transfected CHO-K1 cells showed that many enantiomers were potent agonists, inducing responses in the sub-micromolar to nanomolar range. Furthermore, FPRs exhibited enantiomer selectivity, generally preferring the R-(-)-forms over the S-(+)-enantiomers. Finally, we found that elongation of the carbon chain in the chiral center of the active compounds generally increased biological activity. Thus, these studies provide important new information regarding molecular features involved in FPR ligand preference and report the identification of a novel series of FPR agonists.
- Cilibrizzi, Agostino,Schepetkin, Igor A.,Bartolucci, Gianluca,Crocetti, Letizia,Dal Piaz, Vittorio,Giovannoni, Maria Paola,Graziano, Alessia,Kirpotina, Liliya N.,Quinn, Mark T.,Vergelli, Claudia
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experimental part
p. 3781 - 3792
(2012/08/28)
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- Enantio-and diastereoselective oxidation of N-alkylimines using chiral-bromonitriles and hydrogen peroxide system
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Chiral-bromonitriles were prepared with good chemical and optical yields starting from natural-amino acids by dehydrating the corresponding α-bromoamides with thionyl chloride. The combined system-bromonitriles/ hydrogen peroxide was examined for the enantio-and diastereoselective oxidation of N-alkylimines in basic media at room temperature. The oxidation of N-tertiobutylarylimines leads to optically active oxaziridines with moderate enantiomeric excess. However, the oxidation of (S)-1-phenylethylarylimines affords the corresponding oxaziridines with good diasteromeric excess up to 97/3 as proved by gaseous-phase chromatography.
- Tka, Najeh,Kraem, Jamil,Hassine, Bechir Ben
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experimental part
p. 2994 - 3003
(2012/08/07)
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- Study of the lanthanide-catalyzed, aqueous, asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction
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The development of efficient methods for the asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reaction in aqueous solution has received great attention. We have developed a new series of chiral lanthanide-containing complexes that produce Mukaiyama aldol products with outstanding enantioselectivities. In this paper, we describe an optimized ligand synthesis, trends in stereoselectivity that result from changing lanthanide ions, and an exploration of substrate scope that includes aromatic and aliphatic aldehydes and silyl enol ethers derived from aromatic and aliphatic ketones.
- Mei, Yujiang,Averill, Derek J.,Allen, Matthew J.
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scheme or table
p. 5624 - 5632
(2012/09/05)
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- A new class of ligands for aqueous, lanthanide-catalyzed, enantioselective Mukaiyama aldol reactions
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The development of aqueous methods for generating enantiopure β-hydroxy carbonyl compounds is an important goal because these subunits compose many bioactive compounds and the ability to synthesize these groups in water has environmental and cost benefits. In this communication, we report a new class of ligands for aqueous, lanthanide-catalyzed, asymmetric Mukaiyama aldol reactions for the synthesis of chiral β-hydroxy ketones. Furthermore, we have used luminescence-decay measurements to unveil mechanistic information regarding the catalytic reaction via changes in water-coordination number. The precatalysts presented here yielded β-hydroxy carbonyls from aliphatic and aryl substrates with outstanding syn:anti ratios and enantiometric excesses of up to 49:1 and 97%, respectively.
- Mei, Yujiang,Dissanayake, Prabani,Allen, Matthew J.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 12871 - 12873
(2010/11/16)
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- Synthesis, antibacterial and antifungal activities of new chiral 5-alkyl-3-(1′-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin-2′-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2, 4-oxadiazin-6-ones
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Chiral α-bromoacid chlorides can be easily prepared from amino acids. Their condensation with new 1-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin-2-carboxamidoxime derived from proline lead to the corresponding O-(bromoacyl) amidoximes. The latter afforded new chiral 5-alkyl-3-(1′-benzenesulfonylpyrrolidin- 2′-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1,2,4oxadiazin-6-ones in good chemical yields via intramolecular cyclization in the presence of one equivalent of NaH. These new compounds were evaluated for their antibacterial and antifungal activities using micro-dilution tests against some strains of bacteria and fungi. Our compounds showed an excellent antibacterial activity, which is better than the drug levofloxacin.
- Tka, Najeh,Jegham, Nafaa,Ben Hassine, Béchir
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experimental part
p. 1278 - 1283
(2011/12/04)
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- α-amino acid phenolic ester derivatives: Novel water-soluble general anesthetic agents which allosterically modulate gabaa receptors
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In the search for a novel water-soluble general anesthetic agent the activity of an α-amino acid phenolic ester lead, identified from patent literature, was markedly improved. In addition to improving in vivo activity in mice, good in vitro activity at GABAA receptors was also conferred. Within the series of compounds good enantioselectivity for both in vitro and in vivo activity was found, supporting a protein-mediated mechanism of action for anesthesia involving allosteric modulation of GABAA receptors. α-Amino acid phenolic ester 19, as the hydrobromide salt Org 25435, was selected for clinical evaluation since it retained the best overall anesthetic profile coupled with improved stability and water solubility. In the clinic it proved to be an effective intravenous anesthetic in man with rapid onset of and recovery from anesthesia at doses of 3 and 4 mg/kg.
- Anderson,Belelli,Bennett,Buchanan,Casula,Cooke,Feilden,Gemmell,Hamilton,Hutchinson,Lambert,Maidment,McGuire,McPhail,Miller,Muntoni,Peters,Sansbury,Stevenson,Sundaramt
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p. 3582 - 3591
(2007/10/03)
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- Process research and development of L-alanyl-L-glutamine, a component of parenteral nutrition
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A large-scale manufacturing method of L-alanyl-L-glutamine used for a component of parenteral nutrition has been studied. The method consisted of a reaction of D-2-chloro- or D-2-bromopropionic acid with thionyl chloride and Schotten-Baumann reaction with L-glutamine followed by ammonolysis reaction. The intermediate D-2-chloropropionyl-L-glutamine was found to be more stable than its bromo analogue. In the ammonolysis reaction, the former intermediate needed a higher reaction temperature, but the by-products produced had little effect on the quality of the final product. The structures of the by-products were conjectured mainly by mass spectrometry and they were removed by anion resin treatment and recrystallization.
- Sano, Takahiro,Sugaya, Toru,Inoue, Kunimi,Mizutaki, Sho-Ichi,Ono, Yasuyuki,Kasai, Masaji
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p. 147 - 152
(2013/09/07)
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- Stereoselective synthesis of α-substituted ulosonic acids by magnesio-Reformatsky reactions
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A new method of homologation of aldonolactones allowing the incorporation of propionate units with excellent chemo- and stereoselectivity is performed by the magnesium-graphite mediated reaction between Oppolzer sultam derived α-halogenated amides and an aldonolactone.
- Csuk, Rene,Schroeder, Christina,Krieger, Claus
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p. 12947 - 12960
(2007/10/03)
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- Synthesis and study of new α-haloacid ferroelectric liquid crystal derivatives. MM2 approach to the molecular structure-ferroelectric activity relationship
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In order to understand the structural factors that influence ferroelectric properties, three new series (F, Cl, and Br) of chiral naphthalene-ring derived compounds were synthesized, and their ferroelectric properties [spontaneous polarization (Ps) and response time (τ)] were evaluated in the pure compound. The chiral tails are α-halo acids derived from L-α-amino acids: L-α-alanine (1), L-leucine (2), L-isoleucine (3), and L-valine (4), with a fluorine, chlorine, or bromine atom in the chiral center. The highest Ps values were obtained for compounds containing a fluorine or chlorine atom in their asymmetric center and with chiral tail derived from L-isoleucine (3) (F-3, 102 nC/cm2; Cl-3, 100 nC/cm2). The steric requirements of the halogen atom and the bulky alkyl group in the asymmetric center determine the most stable conformations of these chiral tails, which have been studied by molecular mechanic empirical calculations, MM2. MM2 calculations prove to be a successful tool for understanding how the structure of the lateral chiral tail affects molecular arrangement and, as a consequence, the ferroelectric properties of the materials.
- Sierra,Serrano,Ros,Ezcurra,Zubía
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p. 7645 - 7651
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis of chrysogine, a metabolite of Penicillium chrysogenum and some related 2-substituted 4-(3H)-quinazolinones
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Syntheses of both enantiomers of chrysogine, 2-(α-hydroxyethyl)-4(3H)-quinazolinone, 1 from 2-ammobenzamide are reported. Thus reaction of 2-aminobenzamide and optically active α-acetoxypropionyl chloride gave 9, which upon saponification and cyclization induced by aqueous sodium carbonate at room temperature gave chrysogine. The enantiomeric purity of 1 was determined by NMR. Inversion of (-)-(S)-1, using the Mitsunobo reaction, gave (+)-(R)-1. Reduction of 2-acetyl-4(3H)-qumazolinone 2 with baker's yeast gave the S-enantiomer of 1. The cyclization method used could be extended and a number of 2-(a-hydroxy)alkyl-4-(3H)-quinazolinones are also reported.
- Bergman, Jan,Brynolf, Anna
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p. 1295 - 1310
(2007/10/02)
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- Synthesis and Reaction of Optically Active Morpholinones
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The reactions of variously substituted chiral morpholin-2-and-3-ones chemoselectively synthesized from chiral amino acids and lactic acid as the chiral source are described.
- Kashima, Choji,Harada, Kazuo
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p. 1521 - 1526
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for preparing naproxen
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Process for preparing Naproxen via a sequence of stereospecific reactions which comprises: condensation of 1-chloro-2-methoxy-naphthalene with a (S)-2-halo-propionyl halide according to the Friedel-Crafts reaction, ketalization of the thus obtained (S)-2-halo-1-(5'-chloro-6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propan-1-one, rearrangement of said ketal to afford an ester, hydrolysis of the ester and removal of the chlorine atom in 5-position by hydrogenolysis. New (S) 2-halo-1-(5'-chloro-6'-methoxy-2'-naphthyl)-propan-1-ones.
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- The Determination of Small Amounts of Enantiomeric Impurities in α-Halo Carboxylic Acids
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The accurate determination of the enantiomeric composition of α-halo carboxylic acids is reported.Such data are of importance in the synthesis of chiral compounds and in mechanistic studies involving the title compounds.
- Watabe, K.,Chang, S.-C.,Gil-Av, E.,Koppenhoefer, B.
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p. 225 - 228
(2007/10/02)
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