- A unified strategy to prostaglandins: chemoenzymatic total synthesis of cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost guided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis
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Development of efficient and stereoselective synthesis of prostaglandins (PGs) is of utmost importance, owing to their valuable medicinal applications and unique chemical structures. We report here a unified synthesis of PGs cloprostenol, bimatoprost, PGF2α, fluprostenol, and travoprost from the readily available dichloro-containing bicyclic ketone6aguided by biocatalytic retrosynthesis, in 11-12 steps with 3.8-8.4% overall yields. An unprecedented Baeyer-Villiger monooxygenase (BVMO)-catalyzed stereoselective oxidation of6a(99% ee), and a ketoreductase (KRED)-catalyzed diastereoselective reduction of enones12(87?:?13 to 99?:?1 dr) were utilized in combination for the first time to set the critical stereochemical configurations under mild conditions. Another key transformation was the copper(ii)-catalyzed regioselectivep-phenylbenzoylation of the secondary alcohol of diol10(9.3?:?1 rr). This study not only provides an alternative route to the highly stereoselective synthesis of PGs, but also showcases the usefulness and great potential of biocatalysis in construction of complex molecules.
- Chen, Fener,Huang, Zedu,Jiang, Meifen,Li, Weijian,Tang, Pei,Ye, Baijun,Zhang, Guo-Tai,Zhu, Kejie
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p. 10362 - 10370
(2021/08/16)
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- Concise, scalable and enantioselective total synthesis of prostaglandins
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Prostaglandins are among the most important natural isolates owing to their broad range of bioactivities and unique structures. However, current methods for the synthesis of prostaglandins suffer from low yields and lengthy steps. Here, we report a practicability-oriented synthetic strategy for the enantioselective and divergent synthesis of prostaglandins. In this approach, the multiply substituted five-membered rings in prostaglandins were constructed via the key enyne cycloisomerization with excellent selectivity (>20:1 d.r., 98% e.e.). The crucial chiral centre on the scaffold of the prostaglandins was installed using the asymmetric hydrogenation method (up to 98% yield and 98% e.e.). From our versatile common intermediates, a series of prostaglandins and related drugs could be produced in two steps, and fluprostenol could be prepared on a 20-gram scale. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Zhang, Fuhao,Zeng, Jingwen,Gao, Mohan,Wang, Linzhou,Chen, Gen-Qiang,Lu, Yixin,Zhang, Xumu
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p. 692 - 697
(2021/06/01)
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- HETERODIMER COMPOSITIONS AND METHODS FOR THE TREATMENT OF OCULAR DISORDERS
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Described herein are processable compositions comprising at least one moiety that is processable in its free form. Also described herein are compositions and methods for the treatment of ocular diseases or disorders including glaucoma, blepharitis, ocular inflammation, diabetic macular edema, posterior inflammation, anterior inflammation, macular degeneration (e.g., wet macular degeneration (AMD) or dry AMD), post-cataract surgery, and retinal vein occlusion. Said compositions and methods comprise steroids and prostaglandins which demonstrate anti-inflammatory activity, intraocular pressure (IOP) lowering, and/or other desirable activities. Injection of said compositions in the eye provides therapeutic benefit to patients suffering from ocular disorders.
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Paragraph 0433-0434
(2021/11/13)
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- NITRIC OXIDE DONATING DERIVATIVES OF FLUPROSTENOL
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The present invention relates to 15-nitrooxyderivatives of fluprostenol, their use for the treatment of glaucoma and ocular hypertension and formulation containing 15-nitrooxy derivatives of fluprostenol.
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Paragraph 0293; 0294; 0295; 0296
(2018/05/17)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2 ALPHA ANALOGUES
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A convergent synthesis of the prostaglandin F2α analogues, travoprost and bimatoprost, was developed employing Julia-Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced phenylsulfone with an enantiomerically pure aldehyde ω-chain synthon. The novel convergent strategy allows the synthesis of a whole series of prostaglandin analogues of high purity from a common and structurally advanced prostaglandin intermediate.
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Paragraph 0252
(2015/02/19)
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- Processes for the preparation of isomer free prostaglandins
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Novel processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I-2 substantially free of the 5,6-trans isomer: wherein R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the specification are provided. Novel intermediates for the preparations of isomer free Prostaglandins and derivatives thereof are also provided.
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Paragraph 0093; 0094
(2015/03/03)
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- PROCESSES AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THE PREPARATIONS OF ISOMER FREE PROSTAGLANDINS
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Novel processes for the preparation of a compound of Formula I-2 substantially free of the 5,6-trans isomer: wherein R2, R3 and R4 are as defined in the specification are provided. Novel intermediates for the preparations of isomer free Prostaglandins and derivatives thereof are also provided.
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Paragraph 0039; 0094; 0095; 0097; 0098
(2015/02/25)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TRAVOPROST
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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of travoprost of formula (I), comprising that, the compound of formula (II), is stereo selectively reduced, the resulting compound of formula (III), is if desired crystallized, the lactone group of th
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Paragraph 0068-0073
(2014/12/09)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF TRAVOPROST
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The invention relates to a process for the preparation of travoprost of formula(I), comprising that, the compound of formula (II), is stereoselectively reduced, the resulting compound of formula (III), is if desired crystallized, the lactone group of the
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Page/Page column 22-25
(2013/07/05)
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- A novel convergent synthesis of the potent antiglaucoma agent travoprost
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The 16-(3-trifluoromethyl)phenoxy PGF2α analogue travoprost (8a) has potent topical ocular activity. A novel convergent synthesis of 13,14-en-15-ol PGF2α analogues was developed employing Julia-Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced prostaglandin phenylsulfone (5Z)-(+)-15 with a new enantiomerically pure aldehyde ω-chain synthon (S)-(-)-16a. Subsequent hydrolysis of protecting groups and final esterification of fluprostenol (7a) yielded travoprost (8a). The main advantages are the preparation of high purity travoprost (8a) and the application of comparatively cheap reagents. The novel convergent strategy allows the synthesis of a whole series of 13,14-en-15-ol PGF2α analogues from a common and structurally advanced prostaglandin intermediate 15. The preparation and identification of two synthetic impurities, 15-epi isomer (8b) of travoprost and a new prostaglandin related ester (5Z)-(+)-18, are also described.
- Dams, Iwona,Chodyński, Micha?,Krupa, Ma?gorzata,Pietraszek, Anita,Zezula, Marta,Cmoch, Piotr,Kosińska, Monika,Kutner, Andrzej
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p. 1634 - 1648
(2013/02/26)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN F2α ANALOGUES
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A convergent synthesis of the prostaglandin F2α analogues, travoprost and bimatoprost, was developed employing Julia-Lythgoe olefination of the structurally advanced phenylsulfone with an enantiomerically pure aldehyde ω-chain synthon. The novel convergent strategy allows the synthesis of a whole series of prostaglandin analogues of high purity from a common and structurally advanced prostaglandin intermediate.
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Page/Page column 45; 46; 47
(2013/09/26)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN DERIVATIVES
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The invention concerns a new process for the preparation of prostaglandin derivatives, in particular prostaglandin F2α derivatives, for example bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost, the new intermediates of said process and their use in the preparation of prostagblandin derivatives.
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Page/Page column 10
(2012/02/01)
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- Synthesis of (±) travoprost and its analogs
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A new synthetic approach for the antiglaucoma agent, travoprost (1) has been developed in four steps from key intermediate (2). Key transformations include Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons reaction and separation of diastereomers to obtain (±) travoprost (1) and its analogs.
- Mudduluru, Harikrishna,Hindupur, Rama M.,Dubey, Pramod K.,Madhavaram, Shankar,Tatini, Lakshmikumar,Subbaraju, Gottumukkala V.
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experimental part
p. 234 - 241
(2012/04/18)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF PROSTAGLANDIN DERIVATIVES
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The invention concerns a new process for the preparation of prostaglandin derivatives, in particular prostaglandin F2α derivatives, for example bimatoprost, latanoprost and travoprost, the new intermediates of said process and their use in the preparation of prostaglandin derivatives.Said process comprises: a) reacting compounds of formula (I) with compounds of formula (II) to give compounds of formula (III) b) reducing with an asymmetric reducing agent the oxo group of the side chain of compounds of formula (III) to give compounds of formula (IV)
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Page/Page column 24
(2010/09/17)
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- 9,11-cycloendoperoxide pro-drugs of prostaglandin analogues for treatment of ocular hypertension and glaucoma
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9,11-Cycloendoperoxide derivatives of biologically active prostaglandin analogs, and particularly of the ocular hypotensive drugs Bimatoprost, Latanaprost, Unoprostone, Travoprost and prostaglandin H2 1-ethanolamide or of structurally closely related analogs, are pro-drugs which hydrolyze under physiological conditions to provide prostaglandin analogues that are capable of providing sustained ocular and other in vivo concentrations of the respective drugs. The compounds of the invention have the formula shown below where the variables have the meaning defined in the specification.
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Page/Page column 17-18
(2010/11/30)
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- Internal 1, 15-lactones of fluprostenol and related prostaglandin F2a analogs and their use in the treatment of glaucoma and intraocular hypertension
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Novel derivatives of prostaglandin compounds of the F-series (PGF), specifically macrocyclic internal 1,15-lactones of fluprostenol and related PGF analogs, such as cloprostenol or latanoprost. The novel analogs can be formulated into ophthalmic solutions and topically applied for the treatment of the increased intraocular pressure caused by glaucoma and the reduction of ocular hypertension.
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