- Understanding the Importance of Cu(I) Intermediates in Self-Reducing Molecular Inks for Flexible Electronics
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Fast and scalable low-temperature deposition of microscale metallic features is of utmost importance for the development of future flexible smart applications including sensors, wireless communication, and wearables. Recently, a new class of metal-organic decomposition (MOD) copper inks was developed, consisting of self-reducing copper formate containing amine complexes. From these novel inks, copper metal features with outstanding electrical conductivity (±105 S cm-1) are deposited at a temperature of 150 °C or less, which is well below the reduction temperature of orthorhombic α-copper formate (around 225 °C). However, the underlying principle of this reaction mechanism and the relationship between the corresponding temperature shift and the amine coordination are still under debate. The current study provides a full explanation for the shift in reduction temperatures via in situ characterization. The results clearly indicate that the structural resemblance and stability of the Cu(II) starting compound and the occurring Cu(I) intermediate during the in situ reduction are the two main variables that rationalize the temperature shift. As such, the thermal compatibility of copper MOD inks with conventional plastic substrates such as polyethylene terephthalate can be explained, based on metal-organic complex properties.
- Marchal, Wouter,Longo, Alessandro,Briois, Valérie,Van Hecke, Kristof,Elen, Ken,Van Bael, Marlies K.,Hardy, An
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p. 15205 - 15215
(2019/01/03)
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- Copper electrode material using copper formate-bicarbonate complex for printed electronics
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Copper ink has been prepared by mixing copper(II) formate and 2-ethyl-1-hexylammonium bicarbonate (EHABC) to overcome some weak points such as aggregation and degradation of copper nano-type ink. Ink was coated on glass substrate and calcined at 110°C to
- Hwang, Jaeeun,Kim, Sinhee,Ayag, Kevin Ray,Kim, Hongdoo
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p. 147 - 150
(2014/02/14)
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- New complexes of Mn(II), Co(II), Ni(II) and Cu(II) with 2,2'- or 2,4'-bipyridine and formates (Synthesis, thermal and other properties)
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New mixed-ligand complexes with empirical formulae: Mn(2-bpy) 1.5L2?2H2O, M(2-bpy)2L 2?3H2O (M(II)=Co, Cu), Ni(2-bpy)3L 2?4H2O and M(2,4'-bpy)2L 2?2H2O (where 2-bpy=2,2'-bipyridine, 2,4'-bpy=2,4'-bipyridine; L=HCOO- ) have been obtained in pure solid-state. The complexes were characterized by chemical and elemental analysis, IR and VIS spectroscopy, conductivity (in methanol and dimethylsulfoxide). The way of metal-ligand coordination discussed. The formate and 2,4'-bpy act as monodentate ligands and 2-bpy as chelate ligand. The new complexes with ligand isomerism were identified. During heating the complexes lose water molecules in one or two steps. Thermal decomposition after dehydration is multistage and yields corresponding metal oxides as final products. A coupled TG-MS system was used to analysis principal volatile thermal decomposition (or fragmentation) products of Ni(2,4'-bpy)2(HCOO) 2?2H2O under dynamic air or argon atmosphere.
- Czakis-Sulikowska,Radwanska-Doczekalska,Czylkowska,Markiewicz,Broniarczyk
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p. 327 - 335
(2008/10/09)
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- METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF METAL CARBOXYLATES AND THE METAL AMINOATE OR METAL HYDROXY ANALOGUE METHIONATE DERIVATIVES THEREOF, AND USE OF SAME AS GROWTH PROMOTERS IN ANIMAL FEED
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A method of production of metal carboxylates and of their metal carboxylate-aminoate or metal carboxylate-methioninate hydroxy analog derivatives, and their use as growth promoters in animal nutrition. It comprises mixing stoichiometric quantities of formic or butyric acid and oxide and of the dry basic salt of divalent metal, the oxide or hydroxide of Zn2+ or Cu2+, to give an exothermic reaction, without addiction of solvents, giving rise to a dry carboxylate of divalent metal that is easy to use. It also describes the use of a stage of mixing with metal aminoates or hydroxy analogs of methionine in the process, for forming either a carboxylate-aminoate of divalent metal or a carboxylate-methioninate hydroxy analog of divalent metal, products that are finally obtained in a dry form that is easy to use. Finally it describes the use of the compounds that can be obtained in the feeding of monogastric animals for improving the productivity, the bioavailability of the metals, and achieve a reduction of their emission to the environment, owing to the growth-promoting effect that they all display.
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Page/Page column 5; 7
(2008/06/13)
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- Kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the nonisothermal decomposition of anhydrous copper(II) formate in different gas atmospheres
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The thermal decomposition of anhydrous (orthorhombic) copper(II) formate was studied by programmed rising-temperature methods (TG, DTG, DTA and DSC) to about 250°C in flowing gas atmospheres of nitrogen (inert), hydrogen (reducing) and air (oxidizing). The degradation reaction, anion breakdown, proceeded to completion in two distinct, but partially overlapping, rate processes and apparent Arrhenius parameters, calculated by the Ozawa nonisothermal kinetic method, agreed satisfactorily with the literature results. It was concluded that the two consecutive processes, contributing to the overall reaction, involved stepwise cation reduction: Cu2+ →Cu+→Cu0, with copper(I) formate as intermediate. This mechanism is similar to that proposed in previous studies of the decompositions of copper(II) oxalate, malonate, maleate, fumarate, mellitate and squarate. For all of these reactants, the Cu+ salt has been identified as an intermediate, exhibiting a (slightly) lower relative reactivity than the corresponding Cu2+ salt. For copper(II) formate the response curves in the three different gaseous atmospheres were generally similar, showing that neither oxidizing nor reducing conditions caused a marked change in reactivity. The temperature of reaction initiation in H2 was slightly diminished and the temperature of the second stage of reaction in O2 was raised appreciably. It is believed that electron transfer contributed to the control of reactivity and that the gases present appreciably influence the rates of the contributory reactions occurring.
- Mohamed, Mohamed A.,Galwey, Andrew K.,Halawy, Samih A.
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- METHOD FOR ABSORBING FORMALDEHYDE FROM GASEOUS MIXTURES THAT CONTAIN IT
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A method for absorbing formaldehyde from gaseous mixtures that contain it, and a method for regenerating the absorption compound used.
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- Decomposition of organic salts of some d and f metals: Non-isothermal kinetics and FT-IR studies
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The thermal decomposition in non-isothermal conditions of formates, acetates, propionates and butyrates of Mn, Co, Zn, Cd, Eu, Sm and Ni was studied. The observed compensation effect allows us to calculate the isokinetic temperature. A selective activation mechanism was suggested. This leads to a good agreement between kinetic and spectroscopic data.
- Vlase,Vlase,Chiriac,Doca
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p. 839 - 845
(2008/10/08)
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- Synthesis of cement-containing nickel-copper catalytic systems using formic acid aqueous solutions
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Regular trends in the formation of phase composition, structure, and mechanical strength of nickel-copper catalysts used for treatment of process and off-gases were considered in relation to the concentration (5.0-60.0 wt %) of formic acid aqueous solutions used in their preparation. The optimal conditions of the preparation process were determined.
- Efremov,Tesakova,Mamaeva,Golosman
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p. 745 - 751
(2007/10/03)
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- Gas storage apparatus, gaseous fuel automobile using the gas storage apparatus, gas storage method and methane adsorbing-retaining agent
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A gas storage apparatus for use in storing a gas including methane as a main component thereof is disclosed. The apparatus includes an entrance/exit opening for allowing entrance or exit therethrough of a gas to be stored, a gas-tight maintaining mechanism capable of maintaining the gas under a pressurized state inside a container, and a pressure vessel which may be constantly maintained at a normal temperature. The pressure vessel accommodates therein an organometallic complex having a one-dimensional channel structure.
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- Glycolic alcoholates formation in MmCuOn-ethylene glycol systems
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X-ray, microscopic, and thermogravimetric analyses were used to study the interaction of Bi2-xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+y, Ca2CuO3, Sr2CuO3, CaSrCuO3, SrCuO2, BaCuO2, and Li2CuO2 powders with ethylene glycol at room temperature. It was determined that glycolic alcoholates are obtained as a result of interaction of simple cuprates and ethylene glycol. The compounds M2[Cu(CH2OCH2OH)6] (M = Ca, Sr), M[Cu(CH2OCH2O)2] (M = Sr, Ba), Li2[Cu(CH2OCH2OH)4], and Li2[Cu(CH2OCH2O)2(H 2O)2] have been isolated and identified. Chemical transformation of Bi2-xSr2Ca2Cu3O10+y leads to the formation of glycolic alcoholates mixture with the compositions Sr[Cu(CH2OCH2O)2], Ca2[Cu(CH2OCH2OH)6], CaSr[Cu(CH2OCH2OH)6], and the unidentified amorphous phases containing bismuth and lead.
- Krasilnikov,Antsygina,Bazuev
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p. 565 - 572
(2008/10/08)
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- Ultrasonic Absorption Study of Ion Association in Aqueous Copper(II) Formate, Acetate, and Propionate
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The ultrasonic absorption of aqueous copper(II) formate at 20, 35, and 50 deg C and copper(II) propionate at 20 deg C was measured in the concentration range 0.0062-0.1 M with a pulsed, variable-path-length apparatus over the frequency range 10-143 MHz.The ultrasonic absorption of 0.0016-0.025 M copper(II) acetate at 20 deg C was measured from 1 to 21 MHz in a differential cell.The single relaxation observed in all cases was attributed to ion association.The steady-state approximation was applied to the concentration of the solvent-separated ion pairs.The rate constant at 20 deg C for the substitution of water by a carboxylate ion around Cu2+ is (3.4+/-1.2)x108 s-1.The enthalpy of activation for the substitution process is 10+/-1 kcal/mol for copper formate.The overall volume change due to ion association is 13-17 cm3/mol.
- Sattar, Simeem,Eden, Don
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p. 140 - 144
(2007/10/02)
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