- Highly efficient and chemoselective cleavage of prenyl ethers using ZrCl4/NaBH4
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An efficient and chemoselective deprotection of prenyl ethers of phenols and alcohols with ZrCl4/NaBH4 in DCM was achieved in high yields. The selectivity of prenyl ether deprotection is well demonstrated by carrying out the reaction
- Suresh Babu,China Raju,Srinivas,Madhusudana Rao
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Read Online
- Catalytic Carbochlorocarbonylation of Unsaturated Hydrocarbons via C?COCl Bond Cleavage**
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Here we report a palladium-catalysed difunctionalisation of unsaturated C?C bonds with acid chlorides. Formally, the C?COCl bond of an acid chloride is cleaved and added, with complete atom economy, across either strained alkenes or a tethered alkyne to generate new acid chlorides. The transformation does not require exogenous carbon monoxide, operates under mild conditions, shows a good functional group tolerance, and gives the isolated products with excellent stereoselectivity. The intermolecular reaction tolerates both aryl- and alkenyl-substituted acid chlorides and is successful when carboxylic acids are transformed to the acid chloride in situ. The reaction also shows an example of temperature-dependent stereodivergence which, together with plausible mechanistic pathways, is investigated by DFT calculations. Moreover, we show that benzofurans can be formed in an intramolecular variant of the reaction. Finally, derivatisation of the products from the intermolecular reaction provides a highly stereoselective approach for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted cyclopentanes.
- Boehm, Philip,Denton, Elliott H.,Fellert, Maximilian,Lee, Yong Ho,Morandi, Bill,Roediger, Sven
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supporting information
p. 23435 - 23443
(2021/09/20)
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- Total synthesis of Neocosmosin A
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An alternative synthetic route to (?)-Neocosmosin A has been synthesized from commercially available (R)-propylene oxide and 4-Methoxysalicylic acid as starting materials. The key steps involved in the synthesis are alkylation of 1,3-dithiane and Yamaguchi macrolactonization.
- Depa, Manmohan Reddy,Potla, Suneetha,Narkhede, Umesh C.,Jadhav, Vinod D.,Sridhar, Gattu,Vidavalur, Siddaiah
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p. 2817 - 2823
(2021/07/26)
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- Synthesis, structure, and anion binding of functional oxacalix[4]arenes
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Oxacalix[4]arenes obtained from the highly efficient, one-pot SNAr reaction were post-macrocyclization functionalized through the reduction of nitro groups and hydrolysis of the ester groups to obtain several derivatives of desired solubility. The difficulties in basic hydrolysis of ester groups were overcome via developing an acid hydrolysis method for tert-butyl ester derivatives of this class. The synthesis of symmetrical oxacalix[4]arenes from an unsymmetrically substituted precursor was also explored via a multiple step fragment coupling approach. Compounds 17 & 18 adopted 1,3-alternate conformations in the solid state as most oxacalix[4]arenes did, and a chair (zigzag) conformation was revealed for tetraamido oxacalix[4]arene (6a) by X-ray single crystal analysis. The tetraureido oxacalixarene (7) showed strong association towards various anions such as F-, Cl-, Br-, I-, Ac-, and HSO4- with a 1:1 stoichiometry as revealed by 1H NMR analysis and UV-vis measurements.
- Ma, Jiao-Xia,Fang, Xu,Xue, Min,Yang, Yong
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p. 5075 - 5085
(2019/06/03)
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- BRARTEMICIN ANALOGUES
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The invention relates to brartemicin analogues of Formula (IV) and their uses. These compounds are potent Mincle agonists and Th1-stimulating vaccine adjuvants.
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Page/Page column 47-48; 65
(2019/05/22)
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- Bavachinin analogues as agonists of pan-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors
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Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) agonists contribute to the regulation of glucose, lipid, and cholesterol metabolism and have emerged as key targets to treat metabolic syndrome. In our previous study, the natural compound bavachinin was found to have pan-PPAR agonist activity. In this study, five isoflavones, three isoflavanones, and five scaffold-hopping analogues of bavachinin were designed, synthesised, and evaluated through reporter gene assays for pan-PPAR agonist activity. The analogue 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-6-isopentenyl-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydroquinolin-4(1H)-one (21) was identified as a pan-PPAR agonist, exhibiting substantially higher PPAR α/β agonist activity and equal PPAR-γ agonist activity than does bavachinin.
- Yi, Jingyu,Du, Guoxin,Zhao, Yuanyuan,Zhang, Liuqiang,Li, Bo,Zhu, Weiliang,Huang, Cheng,Li, Yiming,Guo, Fujiang
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p. 1851 - 1862
(2018/06/18)
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- Gold promoted arylative cyclization of alkynoic acids with arenediazonium salts
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Alkynoic acids derived from salicylic acid and analogues undergo arylative cyclization with arenediazonium salts promoted by gold in the absence of external ligands. The reaction is thermally induced and proceeds even in the absence of light. A difference in regioselectivity has been found compared with that observed in the cycloisomerization process of the same type of compounds.
- Carrillo-Arcos, Ulises A.,Porcel, Susana
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supporting information
p. 1837 - 1842
(2018/03/23)
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- Lipidated Brartemicin Analogues Are Potent Th1-Stimulating Vaccine Adjuvants
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Effective Th1-stimulating vaccine adjuvants typically activate antigen presenting cells (APCs) through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). Macrophage inducible C-type lectin (Mincle) is a PRR expressed on APCs and has been identified as a target for Th1-stimulating adjuvants. Herein, we report on the synthesis and adjuvanticity of rationally designed brartemicin analogues containing long-chain lipids and demonstrate that they are potent Mincle agonists that activate APCs to produce inflammatory cytokines in a Mincle-dependent fashion. Mincle binding, however, does not directly correlate to a functional immune response. Mutation studies indicated that the aromatic residue of lead compound 9a has an important interaction with Mincle Arg183. In vivo assessment of 9a highlighted the capability of this analogue to augment the Th1 response to a model vaccine antigen. Taken together, our results show that lipophilic brartemicin analogues are potent Mincle agonists and that 9a has superior in vivo adjuvant activity compared to TDB.
- Foster, Amy J.,Nagata, Masahiro,Lu, Xiuyuan,Lynch, Amy T.,Omahdi, Zakaria,Ishikawa, Eri,Yamasaki, Sho,Timmer, Mattie S. M.,Stocker, Bridget L.
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p. 1045 - 1060
(2018/02/17)
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- Synthesis and anti-bacterial activity of a library of 1,2-benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) derivatives amenable of crosslinking to polysaccharides
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1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one (BIT) is one of the most common chemical biocides in industrial products, with a heterocyclic structure and a wide range of antimicrobial activity. A library of BIT derivatives was synthesized and characterized, from which 18 compounds were selected, tested for anti-bacterial activity relative to the parent molecule and amenable of coupling to plant polysaccharides in general and to galactomannans (GM) in particular, widely used as rheology modifiers, but with limited “biostability”. Four sites on the BIT core were targeted: the nitrogen and the oxygen atoms on the heterocyclic ring, the C5 and the C6 positions on the aromatic ring, where functional groups were introduced. The ultimate aim of this work is to establish whether by covalently linking a biocide to GM polymers, their “biostability” can be improved.
- Viani, Fiorenza,Rossi, Bianca,Panzeri, Walter,Merlini, Luca,Martorana, Alessandra M.,Polissi, Alessandra,Galante, Yves M.
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p. 1745 - 1761
(2017/03/08)
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- Rational Design of Rod-Like Liquid Crystals Exhibiting Two Nematic Phases
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Recently, a polar, rod-like liquid-crystalline material was reported to exhibit two distinct nematic mesophases (termed N and NX) separated by a weakly first-order transition. Herein, we present our initial studies into the structure–property relationships that underpin the occurrence of the lower-temperature nematic phase, and report several new materials that exhibit this same transformation. We have prepared material with significantly enhanced temperature ranges, allowing us to perform a detailed study of both the upper- and lower-temperature nematic phases by using small-angle X-ray scattering. We observed a continuous change in d spacing rather than a sharp change at the phase transition, a result consistent with a transition between two nematic phases, structures of which are presumably degenerate.
- Mandle, Richard J.,Cowling, Stephen J.,Goodby, John W.
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supporting information
p. 14554 - 14562
(2017/10/23)
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- Design and synthesis of ruthenium bipyridine catalyst: An approach towards low-cost hydroxylation of arenes and heteroarenes
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Two new ruthenium bipyridine complexes were designed and synthesized for intermolecular Csp2-H hydroxylation. An environmentally begin and inexpensive oxidant was employed as an oxygen source thereby enhancing its applicability and resulting in the remarkable increase of yield. In the catalytic process a ruthenium (IV) cationic complex is formed which enables the regioselective C–O bonds formation and also proves to be tolerant to a broad substrate scope. Activation of C–H bonds adjacent to removable and non-removable directing groups have been explored efficiently.
- Shome, Sanchari,Singh, Surya Prakash
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supporting information
p. 3743 - 3746
(2017/09/01)
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- Photoinduced Vitamin B12-Catalysis for Deprotection of (Allyloxy)arenes
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Vitamin B12 is a natural cobalt complex that, while reduced to the "supernucleophilic" Co(I) form, can easily react with electrophiles via an SN2 mechanism. It is also shown to react via an SN2′ mechanism with allylic compounds allowing for photochemical deprotection of (allyloxy)arenes. A sustainable alternative to commonly used noble metal-catalyzed deprotection reactions is presented.
- Giedyk, Maciej,Turkowska, Joanna,Lepak, Sandra,Marculewicz, Marcin,ó Proinsias, Keith,Gryko, Dorota
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supporting information
p. 2670 - 2673
(2017/05/24)
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- Synthesis and antimicrobial evaluation of amixicile-based inhibitors of the pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductases of anaerobic bacteria and Epsilonproteobacte
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Amixicile is a promising derivative of nitazoxanide (an antiparasitic therapeutic) developed to treat systemic infections caused by anaerobic bacteria, anaerobic parasites, and members of the Epsilonproteobacteria (Campylobacter and Helicobacter). Amixicile selectively inhibits pyruvate-ferredoxin oxidoreductase (PFOR) and related enzymes by inhibiting the function of the vitamin B1 cofactor (thiamine pyrophosphate) by a novel mechanism. Here, we interrogate the amixicile scaffold, guided by docking simulations, direct PFOR inhibition assays, and MIC tests against Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter jejuni, and Helicobacter pylori. Docking simulations revealed that the nitro group present in nitazoxanide interacts with the protonated N4′-aminopyrimidine of thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP). The ortho-propylamine on the benzene ring formed an electrostatic interaction with an aspartic acid moiety (B456) of PFOR that correlated with improved PFOR-inhibitory activity and potency by MIC tests. Aryl substitution with electron-withdrawing groups and substitutions of the propylamine with other alkyl amines or nitrogen-containing heterocycles both improved PFOR inhibition and, in many cases, biological activity against C. difficile. Docking simulation results correlate well with mechanistic enzymology and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) studies that show members of this class of antimicrobials to be specific inhibitors of vitamin B1 function by proton abstraction, which is both novel and likely to limit mutation-based drug resistance.
- Kennedy, Andrew J.,Bruce, Alexandra M.,Gineste, Catherine,Ballard, T. Eric,Olekhnovich, Igor N.,Macdonald, Timothy L.,Hoffman, Paul S.
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supporting information
p. 3980 - 3987
(2016/07/11)
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- Natural product-inspired rational design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 2,3-dihydropyrano[2,3-f]chromen-4(8H)-one based hybrids as potential mitochondrial apoptosis inducers
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Synthesis of novel pyranochromanone amide hybrids, by combining pyranochromanone pharmacophore and privileged scaffolds such as 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiaole/2-aminothiazole/aminopyridine/aminonaphthalene and anti-cancer evaluation of a series led us to discover a series of new chemical entities (NCEs) showing broad spectrum of anti-cancer activity against three different human cancer cell lines (MCF-7, A549 and HeLa), at IC50values ranging from 14.3 to 97.8?μM. Among them, some compounds such as 15b, 15d, 20a and 20b displayed excellent activity against breast cancer cell line MCF-7. Detailed biological studies such as AO/EB dual staining, Hoechst 33342 staining, FACS analysis of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψm) using JC-1 dye and DNA fragmentation confirmed the apoptosis induced by the hybrids. Gene expression studies by Real time RT-PCR has shown that these compounds are efficient regulator of anti-apoptotic gene Bcl-2. Western blot analysis also revealed that these compounds persuade apoptosis through intrinsic pathway by up-regulating the pro-apoptotic protein Bax and down-regulating the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2. Molecular docking studies reveal that compounds 15b and 20b binds efficiently with Bcl-2 promoter G-quadruplex.
- Sakthivel, Palaniappan,Ilangovan, Andivelu,Kaushik, Mahabir Prasad
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p. 302 - 318
(2016/07/11)
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- Oxidative cyclization of alkenoic acids promoted by AgOAc
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Alkenoic acids derived from salicylic acid and analogues undergo an unexpected oxidative cyclization process triggered by AgOAc leading to 4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-4-ones. The process is affected by the substitution on the aryl and the allyl units.
- Carrillo-Arcos, Ulises A.,Rojas-Ocampo, Jonathan,Porcel, Susana
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supporting information
p. 479 - 483
(2016/01/09)
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- Physiological activity of Chinese Lichen (Gyrophora esculenta) component, methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate and the related compounds
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It was confirmed that there was a higher expression of antioxidant potential in methyl 2,4-dihydroxy-6-methylbenzoate (orsellinic acid methyl ester) (2), which was isolated from methanol extract oil of Chinese lichen Gyrophora esculenta rather than from commercialized ascorbic acid. Taking this into account, 4 types of compounds-(4-7) which are known to be related to compound (2)-have been synthesized by using 2,4-dihydroxy benzoic acid (3) as starting material. After that, some physiological activity tests on these compounds have been conducted in the following aspects: antioxidant potential, cytotoxicity, cytokine suppressant effect and histamine liberation inhibition and the effects have been evaluated, respectively. The result shows that (2) and methyl 2,4-dihydroxybenzoate (4) showed high radical expression in both antioxidant potential and histamine liberation inhibition. It was also found that none of these compounds expresses cytotoxicity.
- Wu, Shuhsien,Zhao, Zhendong,Okada, Yoshiharu,Watanabe, Yoshiyuki,Takahata, Toshiyuki,Inoue, Toshio,Otsubo, Eiji,Wang, Jing,Lu, Yanju,Nomura, Masato
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p. 702 - 708
(2014/06/09)
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- Silver(I) and gold(I)-promoted synthesis of alkylidene lactones and 2H-chromenes from salicylic and anthranilic acid derivatives
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Ag(I) and Au(I) efficiently catalyze the cycloisomerization of terminal alkynoic acids into methylene seven-membered ring lactones. Depending on the metal, divergent reaction pathways were found for non terminal alkynoic acids. While Ag(I) led to lactones, Au(I) led to 2H-chromenes coming from the hydroarylation of the alkyne.
- Nolla-Saltiel, Roberto,Robles-Marín, Elvis,Porcel, Susana
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supporting information
p. 4484 - 4488
(2014/08/05)
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- Correlation of hydrogen-bonding propensity and anticancer profile of tetrazole-tethered combretastatin analogues
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A series of 1,5-disubstituted tetrazole-tethered combretastatin analogues with extended hydrogen-bond donors at the ortho-positions of the aryl A and B rings were developed and evaluated for their antitubulin and antiproliferative activity. We wanted to test whether intramolecular hydrogen-bonding used as a conformational locking element in these analogues would improve their activity. The correlation of crystal structures with the antitubulin and antiproliferative profiles of the modified analogues suggested that hydrogen-bond-mediated conformational control of the A ring is deleterious to the bioactivity. In contrast, although there was no clear evidence that intramolecular hydrogen bonding to the B ring enhanced activity, we found that increased substitution on the B ring had a positive effect on antitubulin and antiproliferative activity. Among the various analogues synthesized, compounds 5d and 5e, having hydrogen-bonding donor groups at the ortho and meta-positions on the 4-methoxy phenyl B ring, are strong inhibitors of tubulin polymerization and antiproliferative agents having IC50 value in micromolar concentrations.
- Jedhe, Ganesh S.,Paul, Debasish,Gonnade, Rajesh G.,Santra, Manas K.,Hamel, Ernest,Nguyen, Tam Luong,Sanjayan, Gangadhar J.
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supporting information
p. 4680 - 4684
(2013/08/15)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and molecular docking studies of novel 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1-phenylethanone derivatives
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In present study, a series of new 2-(1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)-1- phenylethanone derivatives (6a-6x) as potential focal adhesion kinase (FAK) inhibitors were synthesized. The bioassay assays demonstrated that compound 6i showed the most potent activity, which inhibited the growth of MCF-7 and A431 cell lines with IC50 values of 140 ± 10 nM and 10 ± 1 nM, respectively. Compound 6i also exhibited significant FAK inhibitory activity (IC50 = 20 ± 1 nM). Docking simulation was performed to position compound 6i into the active site of FAK to determine the probable binding model.
- Zhang, Li-Rong,Liu, Zhi-Jun,Zhang, Hui,Sun, Jian,Luo, Yin,Zhao, Ting-Ting,Gong, Hai-Bin,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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scheme or table
p. 3615 - 3621
(2012/07/27)
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- Enantioselective bromolactonization of conjugated (2)-enynes
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"Chemical equation presented" A catalytic enantioselective syn-1,4-bromolactonization of conjugated (Z)-enynes was reported. Diastereomeric ratios >20:1 and up to 99% enantiomeric excesses were observed. Di-, tri-, and tetra-substituted bromoallenes were prepared together with lactone heterocycles efficiently and stereoselectively. Preliminary investigations suggest that the chiral catalyst may serve as a bifunctional reagent by interacting with both a carboxylic acid nucleophile and NBS electrophile.
- Zhang, Wei,Zheng, Suqing,Liu, Na,Werness, Jenny B.,Guzei, Llia A.,Tang, Weiplng
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3664 - 3665
(2010/05/15)
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- A facile demethylation of ortho substituted aryl methyl ethers promoted by AlCl3
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An efficient and practical demethylation of ortho substituted aryl methyl ethers using AlCl3 has been developed. This method gives a high conversion, is simple to operate and is cost-effective. A mechanism involving the complexation of AlCl3 with the OMe and the adjacent electron withdrawing group is proposed. Many functional groups can be tolerated in the demethylation process, and 29 examples gave a demethylated product in a yield of 90-98%.
- Du, Zhen-Ting,Lu, Jing,Yu, Hong-Rui,Xu, Yan,Li, An-Pai
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experimental part
p. 222 - 227
(2010/08/04)
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- Leaving group assistance in the La3+-catalyzed cleavage of dimethyl (o-methoxycarbonyl)aryl phosphate triesters in methanol
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The catalytic methanolysis of a series of dimethyl aryl phosphate triesters where the aryl groups contain an o-methoxycarbonyl (o-CO2Me) substituent (4a-i) was studied at 25°C in methanol containing La 3+ at various concentrations and sspH. Determination of the second-order rate constant for La3+ 2-catalyzed cleavage of substrate 4a (dimethyl (o-methoxycarbonyl) phenyl phosphate) as a function of sspH was assessed in terms of a speciation diagram that showed that the process was catalyzed by La3+ 2(-OCH3)x dimers, where x = 1-5, that exhibit only a 5-fold difference in activity between all the species. The second-order catalytic rate constants (k2La) for the catalyzed methanolysis of 4a-i at sspH 8.7 fit a Bronsted relationship of log k2La= (-0.82 ± 0.11)sspKalg + (11.61 ± 1.48), where the gradient is shallower than that determined for a series of dimethyl aryl phosphates that do not contain the o-CO2Me substituent, log k2La = (-1.25 ± 0.06)s spKalg + (16.23 ± 0.75). Two main observations are that (1) the o-CO2Me group preferentially accelerates the cleavage of the phosphate triesters with poor leaving groups relative to those with good leaving groups and (2) it provides an increase in cleavage rate relative to those of comparable substrates that do not have that functional group, e.g., k2La(dimethyl o-(methoxycarbonyl) phenyl phosphate)/k2La(dimethyl phenyl phosphate) = 60. Activation parameters for the La3+2-catalyzed methanolysis of 4a and dimethyl 4-nitrophenyl phosphate show respective ΔH? (ΔS?) values of 3.3 kcal/mol (-47 cal/mol·K) and 0.7 kcal/mol (-46.5 cal/mol·K). The data are analyzed in terms of a concerted reaction where the catalytic complex (La3+2( -OCH3)x-1) binds to the three components of a rather loose transition state composed of a nucleophile CH3O -, a nucleofuge -OAr, and a central (RO)2P 2+-O- in a way that provides leaving group assistance to the departing aryloxy group.
- Edwards, David R.,Liu, C. Tony,Garrett, Graham E.,Neverov, Alexei A.,Brown, R. Stan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 13738 - 13748
(2010/01/06)
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- Dissociative solvolytic cleavage of methyl (ortho-Carboxymethyl)Aryl phosphate diesters mediated by Yb3+ in methanol gives a 10 12-fold rate acceleration attributable to leaving group assistance
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The Yb3+-catalyzed cleavage of a series of eight methyl aryl phosphates (2a-h) where the aryl groups all contain an ortho-methoxycarbonyl group was studied in acidic methanol from 1.34 ≤ spHs ≤ 3.34 at 25 °C. All substrates show saturation binding of the metal ion that is analyzed to provide a conditional binding constant (K)b for a 1:1 substrate/Yb3+ complex and catalytic rate constant (A cat) that varies between about 2 × 10-3 and 50 × 10-3 s-1 overthe range of substrates. Detailed analysis indicates that at very low c oncentration of Yb3+, 3 equiv of substrate are bound, and with increasing [Yb3+], the binding changes to a 1:1 complex which decomposes by a pathway independent of spHs over the range investigated. Control studies show that substrates without the o-methoxycarbonyl group still bind to the Yb 3+ with approximately the same strength as do the o-methoxycarbonyl containing substrates but have no observable reaction when bound. A Jaffe plot of the kcat vs substituent ?-values indicates that, during the catalyzed reactions of 2a-h, the phenoxy-O and C(O)OCH3 groups accommodate negative and positive charge respectively, the p phosphate and p c(o)OMe values being (1.84 ±0.11) and ( 0.85 ±0.14). For all these substrates, the final reaction products are dimethyl phosphate and the Yb3+ complex of the phenoxide. A study of the binding of the parent phenols to Yb3+ indicates that log(Kbind) = (0.84 ± 0.06)sspKa+ (3.4 ± 0.9), r2 = 0.9664 for phenols containing the o-methoxycarbonyl group; for those lacking that substituent log(Kb ind) = (0.96 ± 0.04)s spKa- (1.73 ± 0.4), (r2 = 0.99). For the catalyzed reacti on the βlg = -0.48, while the βeq = -0.95, leading to a Leffler parameter of α = 0.51. A mechanism is presented for the catalyzed reaction which is highly dissociative, having a transition state where the Yb3+ translocates during the cleavage reaction to assist the leaving group's departure with weak nucleophilic assistance by the solvent methanol. A comparison of the catalyzed rate of reaction with a computed rate of reaction attributable to solvent alone indicates that Yb3+ provides leaving group assistance on the order of 1012-fold, stabilizing the transition state for cleavage by some 16 kcal/mol.
- Edwards, David R.,Neverov, Alexei A.,Brown, R. Stan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 368 - 377
(2009/06/28)
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- DIBENZENE DERIVATIVES AS CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS
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The invention is directed to a compound of formula (I) Having VDCC blocking activity. These compounds are useful for the treatment of a series of human diseases and conditions, especially cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases or conditions.
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Page/Page column 14
(2009/04/24)
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- Synthesis of macrolide-saccharide hybrids by ring-closing metathesis of precursors derived from glycitols and benzoic acids
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The benzomacrolactone structural motif is a privileged or evolutionarily selected scaffold that codes properties required for binding to proteins and novel analogues thereof may provide a source of new bioactive compounds. Saccharides are also privileged structures, with (amino)sugars, imino-sugars, and sugar amino acids being applied as scaffolds for the development of nonpeptidal peptidomimetics. The syntheses of novel polyhydroxylated oxamacrolides, structural analogues of natural polyketide derived macrolides, are described herein, providing a basis for their development as scaffolds. The syntheses were carried out from benzoic acids and appropriately protected D-mannitol or D-sorbitol (D-glucitol). Ring-closing metathesis was applied in the macrocyclization step with high E-alkene selectivities being observed. X-ray crystal structures, for two polyhydroxylated derivatives, show that the macrocyclic rings display similar conformations. In addition, intermolecular hydrogen-bonding networks are observed in the lattices.
- Matos, Marie-Christine,Murphy, Paul V.
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p. 1803 - 1806
(2007/10/03)
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- Dibenzene derivatives as calcium channel blockers
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The invention is directed to a compound of formula (I) Having VDCC blocking activity. These compounds are useful for the treatment of a series of human diseases and conditions, especially cognitive or neurodegenerative diseases or conditions.
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Page/Page column 10
(2010/11/27)
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- Synthesis and structure activity relationship studies of benzothieno[3,2-b]furan derivatives as a novel class of IKKβ inhibitors
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As a novel class of IKKβ inhibitors, a series of tricyclic furan derivatives was designed and synthesized based on the structure of known thiophene IKKβ inhibitors. Among the various fused furan derivatives synthesized, a benzothieno[3,2-b]furan derivative 13a displayed potent inhibitory activity towards IKKβ in enzymatic and cellular assays. The potent inhibitory activity originates from an intramolecular non-bonded S...O interaction which was confirmed by the X-ray structure of JNK3 with 16k. The introduction of further substituents on the core structure led to the discovery of the 6-alkoxy derivatives, which possessed a comparable IKKβ inhibitory activity to 13a and an improved metabolic stability. Among these, appropriately lipophilic compounds 16a, h, i, and 13g (logD>2) were found to possess good oral bioavailability.
- Sugiyama, Hideyuki,Yoshida, Masato,Mori, Kouji,Kawamoto, Tomohiro,Sogabe, Satoshi,Takagi, Terufumi,Oki, Hideyuki,Tanaka, Toshimasa,Kimura, Hiroyuki,Ikeura, Yoshinori
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p. 613 - 624
(2008/02/13)
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- Parallel synthesis of 9-aminoacridines and their evaluation against chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum
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A parallel synthetic strategy to the 9-aminoacridine scaffold of the classical anti-malarial drug quinacrine (2) is presented. The method features a new route to 9-chloroacridines that utilizes triflates of salicylic acid derivatives, which are commercially available in a variety of substitution patterns. The route allows ready variation of the two diversity elements present in this class of molecules: the tricyclic aromatic heterocyclic core, and the disubstituted diamine sidechain. In this study, a library of 175 compounds was designed, although only 93 of the final products had purities acceptable for screening. Impurity was generally due to incomplete removal of 9-acridones (18), a degradation product of the 9-chloroacridine synthetic intermediates. The library was screened against two strains of Plasmodium falciparum, including a model of the drug-resistant parasite, and six novel compounds were found to have IC50 values in the low nanomolar range.
- Anderson, Marc O.,Sherrill, John,Madrid, Peter B.,Liou, Ally P.,Weisman, Jennifer L.,DeRisi, Joseph L.,Guy, R. Kiplin
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p. 334 - 343
(2007/10/03)
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- Endothelin receptor antagonists: Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of substituted benzothiazine-1,1-dioxides
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The development of benzothiazine-1,1-dioxide derivatives as a new structural class of potent endothelin receptor antagonists is described. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) revealed that PD164800 (1) is a potent antagonist of the ET(A) receptor subtype. Copyright (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Ltd.
- Berryman,Edmunds,Bunker,Haleen,Bryant,Welch,Doherty
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p. 1447 - 1456
(2007/10/03)
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- Natural Benzofurans. Synthesis of Methylsainfuran and Sainfuran
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2-(2,4-Dimethoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzofuran (methylsainfuran) and 2-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-5-hydroxy-6-methoxybenzofuran (sainfuran).Insect feeding deterrent extractives of sainfoin, have been synthesized by a pathway in which the benzofuran heterocycle is formed by an interamolecular Wittig reaction.
- Burke, John M.,Stevenson, Robert
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p. 1577 - 1584
(2007/10/02)
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- Benzothiophenes and benzofurans and antiallergic use thereof
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Novel benzothiophene and benzofuran derivatives having antiallergic activity are described as well as a method of manufacture, pharmaceutical compositions, and methods of use therefor. The disclosure describes the use of derivatives for prevention of the release of mediators including histamine and leukotrienes from basophils and mast cells, and prevent respiratory burst in neutrophils providing activity useful in cardiovascular disorders as well as in antiinflammatory, psoriasis, and antimigraine treatment.
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- Benzamide derivatives
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Benzamide derivatives of the formula:- STR1 wherein R1 represents a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, or an alkyl, alkoxy, alkylthio, alkylsulphonyl, alkanoylamino, alkylamino or alkylsulphamoyl group, each such group containing from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a dialkylsulphamoyl, dialkylamino or dialkylcarbamoyl group (wherein the two alkyl groups may be the same or different and each contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms), an alkanoyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylamino or alkylcarbamoyl group containing from 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy, formyl, nitro, trifluoromethyl, aryl, benzyloxycarbonylamino, amino, sulphamoyl, cyano, tetrazol-5-yl, carboxy, carbamoyl or aroyl group, and n represents an integer 1, 2 or 3, are new compounds possessing pharmacological properties, in particular properties of value in the treatment of respiratory disorders manifested by the interaction of tissue-fixed antibodies with specific antigens.
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