Para-xylene production process employing in-situ catalyst selectivation
A catalytic process for the selective production of para-xylene comprises the step of reacting an aromatic hydrocarbon selected from the group consisting of toluene, benzene and mixtures thereof with a feed comprising carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a selectivated catalyst. The process includes a catalyst selectivation phase and a para-xylene production phase. In the catalyst selectivation phase, the aromatic hydrocarbon and the feed are contacted with the catalyst under a first set of conditions effective to increase the para-selectivity of said catalyst. In the para-xylene production phase, the aromatic hydrocarbon and said feed are contacted with the catalyst under a second set of conditions different from the first set of conditions effective to selectively produce para-xylene.
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Page 5
(2008/06/13)
THERMAL DECOMPOSITION OF MAGNESIUM MONOPEROXYPHTHALATE HEXAHYDRATE
Loss of the peroxy oxygen from the title compound yields magnesium hydrogen phthalate.Below ca. 80 deg C the process is accompanied by loss of water of hydration and of crystallinity.For the product, four polymorphic forms have been observed containing between 2 and 8 molecules of water per cation.
Kariuki, Benson M.,Jones, William
p. 45 - 52
(2007/10/02)
ELECTROSTATIC INTERACTIONS BETWEEN ORGANIC IONS
Association constants of organic cations and anions with different charge separations, rigidity and shapes have been studied and have been compared with association constsnts of inorganic cations with the organic anions and also with the association constants of inorganic ions.Bjerrum's theory of ion-pair formation is applicable to spherical inorganic ions but not to ions which have anisotropic charge distributions and shape.For the latter, charge matching becomes an important factor in the association and is most effective when the ions are rigid.