- Low hazard small-scale synthesis and chemical analysis of high purity nitroglycerine (NG)
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A previously reported two-phase (99.5% fuming nitric acid/dichloromethane) batch method to prepare high purity 1,2,3-propanetriyl trinitrate (nitroglycerine, NG) was evaluated, simplified and adapted specifically for low hazard small-scale synthesis. The purity of the product, as determined by NMR spectroscopy, HPLC and IR spectroscopic analysis was found to be greater than 99%. The quick synthetic method is highly recommended when small amounts of highly pure NG are required for analytical and related purposes in the absence of a microreactor.
- Contini, Alessandro E.,Flood, Nathan,McAteer, Daniel,Mai, Nathalie,Akhavan, Jacqueline
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Read Online
- STUDY OF NITRATION EQUILIBRIUM IN THE GLYCERIN-AQUEOUS NITRIC ACID SYSTEM. 2. CHANGES IN ΔH AND ΔS IN THE NITRATION REACTION
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The real enthalpies of seven sequential-parallel reactions of nitration of glycerin into glycerin trinitrate were found by combination of the heats of the reactions obtained by the thermochemical method and with the equation for the isobar of the chemical reaction, and the standard enthalpies of formation of glycerin nitrates were calculated with them.The difference in the enthalpies of nitration with respect to different positions in glycerin and its nitrates basically determines the difference in the corresponding equilibrium constants of the nitration reactions.
- Kazakov, A. I.,Kirpichev, E. P.,Lagodzinskaya, G. V.,Andrienko, L. P.,Yunda, N. G.,et al.
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Read Online
- Practical catalytic nitration directly with commercial nitric acid for the preparation of aliphatic nitroesters
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To pursue a sustainable and efficient approach for aliphatic nitroester preparation from alcohol, europium-triflate-catalyzed nitration, which directly uses commercial nitric acid, has been successfully developed. Gram scalability with operational ease showed its practicability.
- An, Jichao,He, Pan,Li, Wenhao,Liu, Peipei,Si, Mengyuan,Yang, Bo,Yang, Guanyu
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supporting information
p. 6612 - 6616
(2020/09/21)
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- Continuous production nitroglycerin tablet (by machine translation)
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To specific processes of continuous production of raw materials of nitroglycerin and continuous production of tablets, green, safe and no-risk synthesis is achieved in the continuous production of the green preparation of the nitroglycerin, and the combined API and the nitroglycerin tablet are integrated. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0070-0073
(2020/08/27)
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- External preparation for nitroglycerin (by machine translation)
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API and nitroglycerin external preparation integrated production is realized, the safety is improved, the impurity content is reduced, the environment is protected, and waste emission is reduced. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0078-0088
(2020/09/04)
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- Methods of producing glycidyl nitrate
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Methods of producing glycidyl nitrate. The method comprises reacting glycerol and nitric acid in a microfluidic reactor to form a nitrated glycerol compound. The microfluidic reactor comprises a reaction volume of the microfluidic reactor of less than about 20 ml and an inner diameter of a reaction channel of the microfluidic reactor of less than or equal to about 1000 μm. The nitrated glycerol compound is reacted with a base in the microfluidic reactor to form glycidyl nitrate. Additional methods of producing glycidyl nitrate are also disclosed.
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Page/Page column 14; 15
(2020/03/04)
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- VASODILATOR-ENHANCED CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION
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A method for increasing blood flow to vital organs during cardiopulmonary resuscitation of a person experiencing a cardiac arrest may include performing standard or active compression decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a person to create artificial circulation by repetitively compressing the person's chest such that the person's chest is subject to a compression phase and a relaxation or decompression phase. The method may also include administering one or more vasodilator drugs to the person to improve the artificial circulation created by the cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The method may also include binding at least a portion of the person's abdomen, either manually or with an abdominal compression device. Performing cardiopulmonary resuscitation on a person may include ventilating the person with either an impedance threshold device or a intrathoracic pressure regulator.
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- Synthesis of nitric acid esters from alcohols in a dinitrogen pentoxide/carbon dioxide liquid system
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Organic nitric acid esters have been prepared in 89-98% yield by the nitration of the corresponding alcohols and polyols with N2O5 in liquid CO2.
- Kuchurov, Ilya V.,Fomenkov, Igor V.,Zlotin, Sergei G.,Tartakovsky, Vladimir A.
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experimental part
p. 67 - 69
(2012/07/02)
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- METHODS OF PRODUCING NITRATE ESTERS
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Methods of forming a nitrate ester include combining at least one nitrate salt and sulfuric acid to form a nitrating solution and adding an aliphatic polyol to the nitrating solution. Nitrate esters formed by this method may be, for example, triethylene glycol dinitrate (TEGDN), pentaerythritol tetranitrate (PETN), diglycerol tetranitrate (DGTN), 1,1,1-tris(methylol)ethane trinitrate (TMETN), 1,2,4-butanetriol trinitrate (BTTN), nitroglycerin (NG), diethylene glycol dinitrate (DEGDN), ethylene glycol dinitrate (EGDN), metriol trinitrate (MTN), nitrocellulose (NC), or 1,2-propanediol dinitrate (PDDN).
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Page/Page column 5
(2012/06/01)
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- METHOD FOR THE PRODUCTION OF LIQUID NITRATE ESTERS
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The invention relates to a method for the production of liquid nitrate esters, e.g. nitro-glycerine, wherein an alcohol is esterified by means of nitrating acid and the reaction takes place in one or several microreactors.
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Page/Page column 5-7
(2008/06/13)
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- BUCCAL, NON-POLAR SPRAY FOR NITROGLYCERIN
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A buccal aerosol spray using a non-polar solvent has now been developed which provides nitroglycerin for rapid absorption through the oral mucosa, resulting in fast onset of effect. The buccal aerosol spray of the invention comprises: propellant 50-95%, non-polar solvent 5-50%, nitroglycerin 0.001-15%, flavoring agent 0.05-5%.
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- Nitration of alcohols by nitryl fluoride
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A general method for the preparation of nitrates by treatment of alcohols with nitryl fluoride (FNO2) in MeCN in the presence of KF has been developed.
- Fedorov,Eremenko
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p. 1022 - 1023
(2007/10/03)
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- NITRATION OF ALCOHOLS ON SILICA GEL WITH NITRIC ACID
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A possibility of glycerol nitration by nitric acid adsorbed on silica gel has been experimentally investigated.In contrast to classic nitration conditions, this reaction yields glycerol dinitrate as the main product along with the mononitrate.
- Pranov, E. A.,Piterkin, R. N.
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p. 1522 - 1523
(2007/10/03)
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- Preparation of Di- and polynitrates by ring-opening nitration of epoxides by dinitrogen pentoxide (N2O5)
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Eighteen epoxides of various kinds were reacted with N2O5 in chlorinated hydrocarbon solvents (principally CH2Cl2) to give vicinal nitrate ester products by a novel ring-opening nitration reaction. The procedure offers easier temperature control and simpler isolation procedures compared with conventional mixed acid nitrations; it also enables selective nitration reactions to be carried out on polyfunctional substrates. The scope and limitations of the reaction, as well as those of an alternative route utilising N2O4 with in situ oxidation of an intermediate nitrite-nitrate, are discussed.
- Golding, Peter,Millar, Ross W.,Paul, Norman C.,Richards, David H.
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p. 7037 - 7050
(2007/10/02)
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- STUDY OF NITRATION EQUILIBRIUM IN THE GLYCERIN-AQUEOUS NITRIC ACID SYSTEM. 1. DEPENDENCE OF THE EQUILIBRIUM CONSTANTS OF NITRATION REACTIONS ON THE TEMPERATURE, ACIDITY OF THE MEDIUM, AND STRUCTURE OF THE NITRATED COMPOUND
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The equilibrium constants of seven sequential-parallel reactions of conversion of glycerin into glycerin trinitrate in aqueous HNO3 were measured.The effect of the acidity of the medium on the equilibrium nitration constants is correlated with processes of protonation of glycerin and its nitrates.The equilibrium nitration constants are higher for primary hydroxides than for secondary hydroxides, and they decrease in both series in going from glycerin to its dinitrates.
- Kazakov, A. I.,Lagodzinskaya, G. V.,Andrienko, L. P.,Yunda, N. G.,Korolev, A. M.,et al.
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p. 1560 - 1565
(2007/10/02)
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- Nitroglycerin transdermal delivery system
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A transdermal delivery system for a vasoactive substance includes, by weight, about 30 to 70% of a medically-acceptable liquid silicone rubber, about 5 to 25% of a vasoactive substance, about 0.1 to 2.0% of a gelling agent, about 2 to 15% of a material which swells as water is absorbed from the stratum corneum and about 5 to 35% of a mixture comprising one or more solvents, viscosity reducers and skin penetration enhancers including, by weight of the entire delivery system, about 5 to 25% of a solvent, about 0 to 5% of a viscosity reducer and about 5 to 25% of a skin penetration enhancer.
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- Antianginal film and method of treating ischemic heart disease
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The antianginal film is a plate, 0.1 to 1.5 thick, consisting of a biologically soluble and resolvable carrier, which is a hompolymer of acrylamide or vinylpyrrolidone, or a copolymer thereof with acrylate, containing from 99 to 70 percent by weight of acrylamide with vinylpyrrolidone and from 1 to 30 percent by weight of acrylate having a molecular mass from 50,000 to 1,000,000, and the active principle having antianginal action, the components being taken in the following proportions, in percent by weight: active substance having antianginal action 3.0-30.0 biologically soluble and resolvable carrier 70.0-97.0 The method of treating ischemic heart disease with the proposed antianginal film by individual doses, consists in that a biologically soluble and resolvable film without any active substance is first applied to a selected site of the mouth mucosa and the time during which this film is fully resolved is determined, this time being characteristic of the period during which the active substance is delivered into the patient's body. Next a medicinal film containing the active substance in the quantity which should be delivered into the patient's body during the time of the film resolution is selected. Finally the film containing the required quantity of the antianginal preparation is applied once or several times, to the selected site of the mouth mucosa to ensure continuous and optimal therapeutic effect during the entire period of the full resolution of the proposed film.
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- The Synthesis and Application of Novel Nitrating And Nitrosating Agents
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Alcohols and phenols are efficiently nitrated with thionyl chloride nitrate or thionyl nitrate, even in the presence of an aromatic moiety.While thionyl chloride nitrate is suitable for nitration of primary OH-groups in carbohydrates, thionyl nitrate is reactive enough to react with secondary OH-groups as well.These reagents permit the highly selective nitration of the 5'-, 2',5'- and 3',5'-OH-groups of ribonucleosides to produce either mono- or diprotected nitro derivatives in high yields.Carbon acids and the enol form of some ketones are efficiently nitrated with trifluoromethanesulfonyl nitrate/potassium tert-butoxide.Lutidine N-oxide(2,6-(CH3)2C5H3N->O) was found to have marked effect on nitration reactions.Similarly, thionyl chloride nitrite and thionyl nitrite exhibit an excellent capacity for nitrosation of the aforementioned substrates
- Hakimelahi, Gholam H.,Sharghi, Hashem,Zarrinmayeh, Hamide,Khalafi-Nezhad, Ali
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p. 906 - 915
(2007/10/02)
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