- On the interaction of tetraethoxosilane with metal alkoxides: Sol-gel synthesis of alkaline-earth metal silicates
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Physicochemical analyses (solubility method, conductometry, and IR spectroscopy) revealed no complex formation in M(OR)n-Si(OR) 4-ROH systems (M = Na, Ba, Al; R = Et, Pri), unlike in the systems containing alkoxides of two
- Suslova,Turova
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- Formation and transformation of Cubic ZrO2 solid solutions in the system ZrO2-Al2O3
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In the system ZrO2-Al2O3, cubic ZrO2 solid solutions containing up to 40 mol% Al2O3 crystallize at low temperatures from amorphous materials prepared by the simultaneous hydrolysis of zirconium and aluminum alkoxides. The values of the lattice parameter, a, increase linearly from 0.5095 to 0.5129 nm with increasing Al2O3 content. At higher temperatures, the solid solutions transform into tetragonal ZrO2 and α-Al2O3. Pure ZrO2 crystallizes in the tetragonal form at 415° to 440°C.
- Yamaguchi,Shirai,Yoshinaka
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- The state of Al(III) in alcohol solutions of aluminum alkoxide as probed by 27Al and 13C NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering
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Solutions of aluminum alkoxides obtained by interaction of aluminum metal with methyl, ethyl, and isopropyl alcohols were studied by 27Al and 13C NMR and small-angle X-ray scattering. Alkoxides with a tetrahedral environment of aluminum prevail in methanol solutions, and those with an octahedral environment of aluminum predominate in ethanol solutions. In isopropyl alcohol at 293 K, polynuclear alkoxides with tetrahedral, octahedral, and pentacoordinated aluminum environments coexist. The structure of polynuclear complexes was refined by comparison of their calculated dimensions with small-angle X-ray scattering data.
- Fedotov,Molchanov,Zotov,Tuzikov
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- A Co-Precipitated α-Alumina (Al2O3) used as a TL-Micro Dosimeter
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This study describes the preparation method of alumina (Al2O3) as a type of thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) to monitor gamma photons (γ-rays) in abroad band of radioactive doses (0.5 : 2000 Gy). Alumina is selected in this study because it has a relatively low cost TL material and can be easily prepared. Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) was chemically prepared using two different methods which are the Sol-Gel and Co-precipitation methods. For each method, the produced alumina (Al2O3) was divided into 4 groups which was thermally treated at (400, 600, 800, 1100 °C) respectively for 6 hours for each group. The crystalline features, morphology and sample composition of the prepared samples were chemically characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray (EDX). Al2O3 prepared by the Co-precipitation method which was treated at 1100 °C (P4) was found to exhibit the highest gamma ray response compared to other samples. The deconvolution analysis showed that the main TL glow curve consisted of (5) overlapped peaks corresponding to number of traps. The linearity of the gamma response for this sample appeared in doses ranging from 1 Gy up to 200 Gy. The minimum detectable dose that can be detected by precipitated-alumina sample (P1) was calculated mathematically to be 3.653 mGy. The fading was found to be 45.6 % after being stored for 45 days at room temperature and approximately 65 % after 90 days. This sample was reproducible according to the repeated TL results for the same sample for 5 times as their values were very close from one other with standard deviation (±σ) 0.96 %. Henceforth, Co-precipitated α-alumina can be used as a TL-Micro dosimeter.
- Said, Fouad,Tantawy, Hesham,El-Faramawy, Nabil,Abdel-Rahman, Mohamed A. E.
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- Preparation method of high-purity alkoxy aluminum
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The invention provides a preparation method of high-purity alkoxy aluminum. The preparation method comprises the steps that in the presence of activated aluminum, high-purity aluminum and C3-C6 fatty alcohol react at the temperature not higher than the boiling point of the alcohol according to the molar ratio of 1: 3-5, the high-purity alkoxy aluminum is obtained, the mass ratio of the activated aluminum to the high-purity aluminum is 1-10%, the activated aluminum is aluminum left after low-purity aluminum and C3-C6 fatty alcohol are fully reacted at the temperature not higher than the boiling point of alcohol according to the molar ratio of 1: (1.5-2.9), the purity of the low-purity aluminum is not larger than 99.90% by mass, and the purity of the high-purity aluminum is not smaller than 99.99% by mass. According to the method, the reaction time of the fatty alcohol and the metal aluminum can be effectively shortened, and other impurities except impurities carried by the metal aluminum are not introduced.
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Paragraph 0020-0025; 0027-0034; 0039-0049; 0052-0059
(2021/12/07)
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- Method for removing iron impurities in alkoxy aluminum
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The invention relates to a method for removing iron impurities in alkoxy aluminum. The method comprises the steps that a reducing agent and magnet powder are added into an alcoholic solution of alkoxyaluminum, a full reaction is performed, and a reaction product is filtered to remove solids so as to obtain the alcoholic solution of iron-impurity-removed alkoxy aluminum, wherein the reducing agentis one or a plurality of materials selected from elemental aluminum, hydroxylamine hydrochloride and ascorbic acid. The method is simple to operate, easy to industrialize and capable of effectively removing iron impurities to obtain high-purity alkoxy aluminum.
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Paragraph 0035-0037
(2020/05/30)
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- Method for removing iron impurities in alkoxy aluminum
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The invention discloses a method for removing iron impurities in alkoxy aluminum. The method comprises the steps that supporting electrolyte is added in an alcoholic solution of the alkoxy aluminum, an electrolyte is formed by mixing evenly, an aluminum electrode is inserted into the electrolyte as a cathode, an inert electrode is used as an anode, an electrolytic reaction is conducted at the temperature being +/-80 DEG C of the boiling point of an alcoholic solution of the alkoxy aluminum, and a high-purity alcoholic solution of the alkoxy aluminum is obtained after the reaction. According tothe method, an electrolytic method is used for removing the iron impurities in the alkoxy aluminum, operation is easy, and the effect is good.
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Paragraph 0038-0040; 0061-0064
(2019/11/20)
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- Advanced palladium free approach to the synthesis of substituted alkene oxindoles: Via aluminum-promoted Knoevenagel reaction
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A synthetic route for the synthesis of C24, as well as for the design of focused libraries of direct AMPK activators was developed based on a convergent strategy. The proposed scheme corresponds to the current trends in C-H bond functionalization. The use of aluminum isopropoxide for the Knoevenagel condensation of oxindole with benzophenones is a noticeable point of this work.
- Novikova, Daria S.,Grigoreva, Tatyana A.,Zolotarev, Andrey A.,Garabadzhiu, Alexander V.,Tribulovich, Vyacheslav G.
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p. 34543 - 34551
(2018/10/24)
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- A pharmaceutical intermediates in the synthesis of aluminum isopropoxide (by machine translation)
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Abstract Drug intermediates aluminium isopropoxide synthesis method, comprises the following steps: adding 3 mol alumina, 4-5 mol isopropanol solution to the reaction 5 vessel, raising the temperature of the solution to 40-460 C, refluxing for 50-60 min, lowering the temperature of the solution to 10-15 C, and continuing the reaction until oxidation aluminum powder is completely dissolved and continues to be refluxed for 90-110 min, and distilled under reduced pressure, the fractions of 110-120 'C are collected, washed with methanol solution and washed with methylene chloride 10 solution, and dehydrated with dehydrating agent to obtain the final product.
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Paragraph 0006; 0010-0015
(2018/09/08)
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- Preparation method of aluminum alkoxide
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The invention discloses a preparation method of aluminum alkoxide. An excessive amount of Al-N alloy powder is added into alcohol with the number of carbon atoms being 1-8, a reaction is conducted for1-3 hours at room temperature, and aluminum alkoxide is obtained after solid and liquid are separated, wherein the Al-N alloy powder is prepared through a gas atomization mode, and prepared from theraw materials of aluminum and a small amount of alloy elements which can be repeatedly used. No catalyst is needed and no heating is needed in the preparation method, the reaction condition is mild, aluminum alkoxide can be generated in one step at room temperature, the preparation method is simple and efficient, and the cost is low; and meanwhile, the safety coefficient in the production and using processes is high, transportation and storage are facilitated. In addition, harmful substances containing mercury or iodine are not used in the preparation method, and no pollution is generated to the environment.
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Paragraph 0028; 0029; 0030
(2018/09/08)
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- BILE ACID DERIVATIVES AND METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS AND USE
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Provided herein, inter alia, are methods for the preparation of modulators of farnesoid X receptor (FXR), and compositions and uses of the modulators of FXR.
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Paragraph 0415-0416
(2017/12/27)
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- Novel FXR (farnesoid X receptor) modulators: Potential therapies for cholesterol gallstone disease
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Metabolic disorders such as diabetes are known risk factors for developing cholesterol gallstone disease (CGD). Cholesterol gallstone disease is one of the most prevalent digestive diseases, leading to considerable financial and social burden worldwide. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) is the only bile acid drug approved by FDA for the non-surgical treatment of gallstones. However, the molecular link between UDCA and CGD is unclear. Previous data suggest that the farnesoid X receptor (FXR), a bile acid nuclear receptor, may protect against the development of CGD. In studies aimed at identifying the role of FXR, we recently identify a novel chemical tool, 6EUDCA (6-αethyl-ursodeoxycholic acid), a synthetic derivative of UDCA, for studying FXR. We found that 6EUDCA binds FXR stronger than UDCA in a TR-FRET binding assay. This result was supported by computational docking models that suggest 6EUDCA forms a more extensive hydrogen bound network with FXR. Interestingly, neither compound could activate FXR target genes in human nor mouse liver cells, suggesting UDCA and 6EUDCA activate non-genomic signals in an FXR-dependent manner. Overall these studies may lead to the identification of a novel mechanism by which bile acids regulate cell function, and 6EUDCA may be an effective targeted CGD therapeutic.
- Yu, Donna D.,Andrali, Sreenath S.,Li, Hongzhi,Lin, Min,Huang, Wendong,Forman, Barry M.
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p. 3986 - 3993
(2016/08/23)
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- BILE ACID ANALOG TGR5 AGONISTS
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Provided herein are bile acid analogues and derivatives, methods of synthesizing bile acid analogues and derivatives and their use in treating diabetes and liver disease.
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Paragraph 0249
(2014/08/06)
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- Tetraalkoxyaluminates of nickel(II), copper(II), and copper(I)
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The syntheses and structural details of tetraisopropoxyaluminates and tetra-tert-butoxyaluminates of nickel(II), copper-(I), and copper(II) are reported. Within the nickel series, either Ni[Al(OiPr) 4]2·2HOiPr, with nickel(II) in a distorted octahedral oxygen environment, or Ni[Al(OiPr) 4]2·py, with nickel(II) in a square-pyramidal O4N coordination sphere, or Ni[(iPrO)(1BuO) 3Al]2, with Ni(II) in a quasi-tetrahedral oxygen coordination, has been obtained. Another isolated complex is Ni[ iPrO)3AlOAl(OiPr)3]·3py (with nickel(II) being sixfold-coordinated), which may also be described as a NiO species trapped by two Al(OiPr)3 Lewis acid-base systems stabilized at nickel by three pyridine donors. Copper(I) compounds have been isolated in three forms: [(iPrO) 4Al]Cu·2py, [(tBuO)4Al]Cu·2py, and Cu2[tBuO)4Al]2. In all of these compounds, the aluminate moiety behaves as a bidentate unit, creating a tetrahedrally distorted N2O2 copper environment in the pyridine adducts. In the base-free copper(I) tert-butoxyaluminate, a dicopper dumbbell [Cu-Cu 2.687(1) A] is present with two oxygen contacts on each of the copper atoms. Copper(II) alkoxyaluminates have been characterized either as Cu[tBuO)4Al]2, {Cu(iPrO)[( iPrO)4Al]}2, and Cu[tBuO) 3(iPrO)Al]2 (copper being tetracoordinated by oxygen) or as [iPrO)4Al]2Cu·py (pentacoordinated copper similar to the nickel derivative). Finally, a copper(II) hydroxyaluminate has been isolated, displaying pentacoordinate copper (O4N coordination sphere) by dimerization, with the formula {[( tBuO)4Al]Cu(OH)·py}2. The formation of all of these isolated products is not always straightforward because some of these compounds in solution are subject to decomposition or are involved in equilibria. Besides NMR [copper(I) compounds], UV absorptions and magnetic moments are used to characterize the compounds.
- Veith, Michael,Valtchev, Kroum,Huch, Volker
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p. 1204 - 1217
(2008/10/09)
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- 17Alpha fluoroalkyl steroids, method for producing the same and pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds
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The invention relates to 17α fluoroalkyl steroids of the general formula (I). STEROID (I), wherein R3 represents a group of the formula CnFmHo, wherein n=1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, m>1 and m+o=2n+1. The invention further relates to methods for producing the same and to compositions that contain said compounds. The inventive composition of the general formula (I) possess androgenic activity.
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- PROCESS FOR THE RACEMISATION OF ENANTIOMERICALLY ENRICHED ALPHA-AMINO NITRILES
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Process for the racemisation of an enantiomerically enriched α-amino nitrile characterized in that the enantiomerically enriched α-amino nitrile is contacted with a lewis acid catalyst. Preferably an aprotic solvent is used. The lewis acid catalyst preferably comprises a metal chosen from main group elements IA-IVA of the Periodic Table (CAS version), the transition metals and the lanthanides, in particular Al, Ti, Zr, or lanthanides. The catalsyt for example has the general structure MnXpSqLr, and preferably is chosen from the group of aluminum alkoxides, aluminum alkyls, lanthanide alkoxydes and lanthanocenes. The racemisation may be performed in combination with a resolution process, for instance in combination with an enzymatic or a crystallization induced resolution process, preferably in situ, for instance in situ in a crystallization induced asymmetric transformation process.
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- Studies on the reactions of lanthanide trichloride isopropanol complex, LnCl3.3PriOH, with Nb(OPri)5 or Al(OPri)3
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Reactions of LnCl3.3PriOH (Ln = Y, La, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Er) with three equivalents of Nb(OPri)5 or freshly distilled Al(OPri)3 yield quantitatively derivatives of composition Ln{Nb(OPri)5Cl}3 or Ln{Al(OPri)3Cl}3, respectively. All these novel derivatives have been characterized by elemental analysis and spectroscopic (1R, 1H, 13C and 27Al NMR) studies. Molecular weight measurements have also been carried out on niobium derivatives.
- Mishra, Shashank,Singh, Anirudh
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p. 305 - 308
(2007/10/03)
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- Thermolysis of alkoxyaluminum and siloxyaluminum acylates
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Thermolysis of alkoxyaluminum acylates (RO)nAl(OCORt)3-n (n = 1, 2; R = i-Pr, s-Bu, t-Bu, Rt = Ph, CH2I; R = PhCH2, Rt = Me, Et, Ph; R = Me3Si, Et3Si, Rt = Me) was studied. The main direction of thermolysis of derivatives of primary and secondary alcohols and of unsubstituted carboxylic acids is ester and alcohol formation. Trialkylsiloxyaluminum acylates termolyze to give in the first stage no other products than trialkylacyloxysilanes. Thermolysis of iodoacylates (RO)2AlOCOCH2I (R = Pr, s-Bu) involves oxidation of the alkoxy group to carbonyl compounds with simultaneous formation of a ketene and hydrogen iodide. tert-Butoxyaluminum acylates regardless of the structure of substituent in the acyloxy group undergo symmetrization to aluminum tert-butylate.
- Stepovik,Kazakina,Martynova
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p. 1371 - 1377
(2007/10/03)
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- Thermal Decomposition of Dialkoxyaluminum Carboxylates and Halocarboxylates
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Thermal decomposition of diisopropoxyaluminum carboxylates (i-PrO)2AlOCOR (R = Pr, i-Pr, CH2Cl, CH2Br, CH2I, and CCl3) and i-PrOAl(OCOR)(OCOR') (R, R' = Me, Pr, i-Pr, i-Bu, and t-Bu) was studied. Diisopropoxyaluminum carboxylates derived from unsubstituted acids decompose to form mainly esters, whose yields decrease with increasing branching in the acid moiety. Thermolysis of diisopropoxyaluminum halocarboxylates yields esters and acetone as the product of oxidation of the alkoxy group.
- Stepovik,Zaburdaeva,Razuvaeva
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p. 1204 - 1209
(2007/10/03)
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- Coupling agent system of aluminium
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The present invention relates to aluminate coupling agents, their synthesis and applications. Metallic aluminum is reacted with lower alcohols, then reacted with selected longer chain alcohols, phenols, carboxylic acids etc., satisfied the coordination number of aluminum to give aluminate coupling agents having good hydrolytic stability and lower associativity. They can be used directly as typical coupling agents in processing of composition products such as plastics, rubber, coatings and laminates etc., and as adhesive promoter or primer to treat fillers, pigments and various materials in order to improve the processing and the quality of products, to increase the dosage of filler, to develop new products, to reduce energy consuming and cost of products.
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- Reactions of Coordinated Oximes - Part V: Reactions of Aluminium Isopropoxide on Some Cobalt(II) Bis-Chelates of o-Hydroxy Oximes
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Cobalt(II) bis-chelates of some o-hydroxyketoximes have been prepared and characterised by analytical and magnetic susceptibility measurements.They form planar bis-chelates with cobalt(II) ions.The further reactions of these cobalt(II) bis-chelates with aluminium isopropoxide have been carried out and were studied by analytical and magnetic susceptibility measurements.The tetraisopropoxy derivatives are proposed to have a six-coordinate tetragonal structure.
- Rani, Indra,Pandeya, K. B.,Singh, R. P.
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p. 235 - 237
(2007/10/02)
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- Process for the preparation of 3-phenoxybenzenes
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3-Phenoxybenzene derivatives are prepared by a method which comprises the steps of(a) chlorinating benzaldehyde with chlorine gas in the presence of a hydrocarbon and a Lewis acid catalyst to obtain 3-chlorobenzaldehyde; (b) reacting the 3-chlorobenzaldehyde with ethylene glycol to obtain 2-(3-chlorophenyl)-1,3-dioxolane; (c) etherifying said dioxolane with an alkali phenolate to yield the intermediate 2-(3-phenoxyphenyl)-1,3-dioxolane and converting this intermediate to the corresponding aldehyde, cyanohydrin, sulfonic acid salt or oxime derivative.
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- Phenolic ester inhibitor
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Phenolic esters wherein the phenolic groups are hindered by at least one ortho substituent. The esters are effective to impart thermal stability to olefin polymers. Their structure is as follows: STR1 where R is alkyl or cycloalkyl of 3-8 carbon atoms, R1 is alkyl of 1-6 carbon atoms and n is 1-2.
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- Aluminum tris-(N-oxypyridine-2-thiolate); cosmetic or pharmaceutical compositions containing the same and the use of said compositions
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Aluminum tris(N-oxypyridine-2-thiolate) is useful in the prophylaxis or treatment of any pathological manifestation in which the presence of a microorganism is involved. It is a new compound made by the reaction of aluminum isopropylate with the N-oxide of pyridine-2-thiol.
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