- Design and Synthesis of 1,2-Bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1- a]phthalazine Hybrids as Potent Anticancer Agents that Inhibit Angiogenesis and Induce DNA Interstrand Cross-links
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Hybrid molecules are composed of two pharmacophores with different biological activities. Here, we conjugated phthalazine moieties (antiangiogenetic pharmacophore) and bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrole moieties (DNA cross-linking agent) to form a series of bis(hydroxymethyl)pyrrolo[2,1-a]phthalazine hybrids. These conjugates were cytotoxic to a variety of cancer cell lines by inducing DNA damage, arresting cell cycle progression at the G2/M phase, triggering apoptosis, and inhibiting vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in endothelial cells. Among them, compound 29d encapsulated in a liposomal formulation (e.g., 29dL) significantly suppressed the growth of small-cell lung cancer cell (H526) xenografts in mice. Based on immunohistochemical staining, the tumor xenografts in mice treated with 29dL showed time-dependent decreases in the intensity of CD31, a marker of blood vessels, whereas the intensity of γ-H2AX, a marker of DNA damage, increased. The present data revealed that the conjugation of antiangiogenic and DNA-damaging agents can generate potential hybrid agents for cancer treatment.
- Chang, Sue-Ming,Jain, Vicky,Chen, Tai-Lin,Patel, Anilkumar S.,Pidugu, Hima Bindu,Lin, Yi-Wen,Wu, Ming-Hsi,Huang, Jiao-Ren,Wu, Han-Chung,Shah, Anamik,Su, Tsann-Long,Lee, Te-Chang
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- BIS(HYDROXYMETHYL) PYRROLOPHTHALAZINE HYBRIDS, PREPARATION METHODS AND USES THEREOF
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Disclosed herein are novel bifunctional compounds and their uses for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancers. The bifunctional compound disclosed herein has the structure of formula (I).
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Page/Page column 0132-0135
(2019/06/09)
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- Design and synthesis of phthalazine-based compounds as potent anticancer agents with potential antiangiogenic activity via VEGFR-2 inhibition
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In the designed compounds, either a biarylamide or biarylurea moiety or an N-substituted piperazine motif was linked to position 1 of the phthalazine core. The anti-proliferative activity of the synthesised compounds revealed that eight compounds (6b, 6e, 7b, 13a, 13c, 16a, 16d and 17a) exhibited excellent broad spectrum cytotoxic activity in NCI 5-log dose assays against the full 60 cell panel with GI50 values ranging from 0.15 to 8.41 μM. Moreover, the enzymatic assessment of the synthesised compounds against VEGFR-2 tyrosine kinase showed the significant inhibitory activities of the biarylureas (12b, 12c and 13c) with IC50s of 4.4, 2.7 and 2.5 μM, respectively, and with 79.83, 72.58 and 71.6% inhibition of HUVEC at 10 μM, respectively. Additionally, compounds (7b, 13c and 16a) were found to induce cell cycle arrest at S phase boundary. Compound 7b triggered a concurrent increase in cleaved caspase-3 expression level, indicating the apoptotic-induced cell death.
- Elmeligie, Salwa,Aboul-Magd, Asmaa M.,Lasheen, Deena S.,Ibrahim, Tamer M.,Abdelghany, Tamer M.,Khojah, Sohair M.,Abouzid, Khaled A. M.
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p. 1347 - 1367
(2019/07/29)
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- TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR 8 (TLR8)-SPECIFIC ANTAGONISTS AND METHODS OF MAKING AND USES THEREOF
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Toll-like receptor 8 (TLR8)-specific inhibitors and methods of using the same in individuals having an autoimmune disease or an inflammatory disorder.
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(2019/05/22)
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- Identification of new potent phthalazine derivatives with VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinase inhibitory activity
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Efforts to develop new antitumor agents are now directed towards multitarget therapies that are believed to have high potency and low tendency to resistance compared to conventional drugs. Herein, we highlighted the synthesis and antitumor activity of five series of phthalazine-based compounds featuring a variety of bioactive chemical fragments at position 1 of the phthalazine nucleus. The antitumor activity of the target compounds was performed against fourteen cancer cell lines where all compounds were active in the nanomolar level. In addition, the mechanism of action of the target compounds was investigated through an enzymatic inhibitory assay against VEGFR-2 and EGFR kinases, revealing potent and preferential activity toward VEGFR-2. Binding mode of the most active compounds was studied using docking experiment.
- Amin, Kamilia M.,Barsoum, Flora F.,Awadallah, Fadi M.,Mohamed, Nehal E.
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p. 191 - 201
(2016/08/04)
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- Synthesis and in vitro evaluation of hydrazinyl phthalazines against malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum
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In this report, we describe the synthesis of 1-(Phthalazin-4-yl)-hydrazine using bronsted acidic ionic liquids and demonstrate their ability to inhibit asexual stage development of human malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. Through computational studies, we short-listed chemical scaffolds with potential binding affinity to an essential parasite protein, dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH). Further, these compounds were synthesized in the lab and tested against P. falciparum. Several compounds from our library showed inhibitory activity at low micro-molar concentrations with minimal cytotoxic effects. These results indicate the potential of hydralazine derivatives as reference scaffolds to develop novel antimalarials.
- Subramanian, Gowtham,Babu Rajeev,Mohan, Chakrabhavi Dhananjaya,Sinha, Ameya,Chu, Trang T.T.,Anusha, Sebastian,Ximei, Huang,Fuchs, Julian E.,Bender, Andreas,Rangappa, Kanchugarakoppal S.,Chandramohanadas, Rajesh,Basappa
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supporting information
p. 3300 - 3306
(2016/07/12)
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- Synthesis, vasorelaxant activity, and molecular modeling study of some new phthalazine derivatives
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New phthalazine-based vasodilators were synthesized through the chloroacylation of the starting compound 1-hydrazinophthalazine 4 to give the two key intermediates 5 and 7. These intermediates were used to alkylate various cyclic amines to furnish the final compounds 6a-h and 8a-h. Compounds were tested for their vasorelaxant activities against nor-adrenaline-induced spasm on thoracic rat aorta rings and compared to the reference drug, prazosin. Seven compounds showed higher activity than prazosin, especially compound 8d having an IC50 = 0.10 mM. Molecular modeling studies, including fitting of the synthesized compounds to a 3D-pharmacophore and their docking into optimized homology model as α1-AR antagonists showed high docking score and fit values. Most vasodilation activities of tested compounds are consistent with their molecular modeling results.
- Awadallah, Fadi M.,El-Eraky, Wafaa I.,Saleh, Dalia O.
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scheme or table
p. 14 - 21
(2012/07/16)
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- Manufacture of pure hydralazine salts
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The present invention provides an improved process of preparing hydralazine hydrochloride, which involves the preparation of 1-chlorophthalazine salt and further reacting with hydrazine followed by purification of hydralazine hydrochloride, which is free of phosphate, does not contain any individual impurities more than 0.05%, total impurities less than 0.5%, and a hydrazine content of not more than 0.001%, and preferably less than 0.0003%. One benefit of improved purity is enhanced storage stability.
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(2008/06/13)
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- PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOUNDS AS ACTIVATORS OF CASPASES AND INDUCERS OF APOPTOSIS AND THE USE THEREOF
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Disclosed are 1-arylamino-phthalazines, 4-arylamino-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazines, and analogs thereof effective as activators of caspases and inducers of apoptosis. The compounds of this invention are useful in the treatment of a variety of clinical conditions in which uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells occurs.
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Page/Page column 26; 49
(2008/06/13)
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- Synthesis of hydrazine derivatives of pyridazine
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The present invention relates to both a novel method of preparing hydralazine hydrochloride and to a novel method of preparing hydrazine derivatives of compounds containing a pyridazine ring, including, for example, pyridazines, phthalazines and other compounds containing the pyridazine ring.
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Stable hydrazalazine pharmaceutical compositions
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The present invention relates to stable and highly purified stable hydralazine hydrochloride compositions and stable hydralazine-containing pharmaceutical compositions. A sterile aqueous injectable pharmaceutical composition suitable for parenteral administration is described comprising a therapeutically effective dose of hydralazine hydrochloride in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or diluent wherein said hydralazine hydrochloride is essentially free of phthalazines, hydrazine and metal ions. In addition, a stable sterile aqueous pharmaceutical composition comprising hydralazine hydrochloride in a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or diluent is described that is colorless and has no visible particulate matter.
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Page/Page column 6
(2008/06/13)
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- Discovery of quinazolines as a novel structural class of potent inhibitors of NF-κB activation
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We disclose here a new structural class of low-molecular-weight inhibitors of NF-κB activation that were designed and synthesized by starting from quinazoline derivative 6a. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies based on 6a elucidated the structural requirements essential for the inhibitory activity toward NF-κB transcriptional activation, and led to the identification of the 6-amino-4-phenethylaminoquinazoline skeleton as the basic framework. In this series of compounds, 11q, containing the 4-phenoxyphenethyl moiety at the C(4)-position, showed strong inhibitory effects on both NF-κB transcriptional activation and TNF-α production. Furthermore, 11q exhibited an anti-inflammatory effect on carrageenin-induced paw edema in rats.
- Tobe, Masanori,Isobe, Yoshiaki,Tomizawa, Hideyuki,Nagasaki, Takahiro,Takahashi, Hirotada,Fukazawa, Tominaga,Hayashi, Hideya
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p. 383 - 391
(2007/10/03)
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- 5-HT3 antagonists derived from aminopyridazine-type muscarinic M1 agonists
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A conformational analysis, performed on muscarinic M1 agonists, identified four structural features characteristic of the muscarinic M1 pharmacophore: (i) a protonable basic or quaternary nitrogen acting as a cationic head; (ii) an electronegative dipole usually part of a planar mesomeric ester, amide, or amidine function which can be replaced by an ether (muscarine) or a dioxolane (AF 30); (iii) an intercharge distance of 5 ± 0.5 A? between the cationic head and the electronegative atom of the dipole; (iv) an elevation of 0.5 ± 0.03 A? of the cationic head over the plane containing the electronegative dipole. During a reinvestigation of the conformational behavior of published structures of 5-HT3 antagonists, similar features were observed for the 5-HT3 pharmacophore. However many 5-HT3 antagonists possess additional aromatic planes not present in the muscarinic M1 agonists. These observations brought us to predict the chemical modifications that would change muscarinic M1 agonists into 5-HT3 antagonists. Four of the predicted aminopyridazines were actually synthesized and submitted to testing. The observed IC50 values for 5-HT3 receptor binding ([3H] BRL 43694) ranged from 10 to 425 nM, whereas the affinities for the muscarinic receptor preparations ([2SH] pirenzepine) layed over 10 000 nM. In electrophysiological studies the two most active compounds 10 and 13 produced antagonist-like effects on the 5-HT receptor channel complexes responsible for the generation of the rapidly desensitizing ionic currents, and agonist- like effects on those responsible for the slowly desensitizing components.
- Rival, Yveline,Hoffmann, Rémy,Didier, Bruno,Rybaltchenko, Volodymyr,Bourguignon, Jean-Jacques,Wermuth, Camille G.
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p. 311 - 317
(2007/10/03)
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