- Selective Activation of Unstrained C(O)-C Bond in Ketone Suzuki-Miyaura Coupling Reaction Enabled by Hydride-Transfer Strategy
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A Rh(I)-catalyzed ketone Suzuki-Miyaura coupling reaction of benzylacetone with arylboronic acid is developed. Selective C(O)-C bond activation, which employs aminopyridine as a temporary directing group and ethyl vinyl ketone as a hydride acceptor, occurs on the alkyl chain containing a β-position hydrogen. A series of acetophenone products were obtained in yields up to 75%.
- Zhong, Jing,Zhou, Wuxin,Yan, Xufei,Xia, Ying,Xiang, Haifeng,Zhou, Xiangge
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supporting information
p. 1372 - 1377
(2022/02/23)
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- Selective electrochemical oxidation of aromatic hydrocarbons and preparation of mono/multi-carbonyl compounds
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A selective electrochemical oxidation was developed under mild condition. Various mono-carbonyl and multi-carbonyl compounds can be prepared from different aromatic hydrocarbons with moderate to excellent yield and selectivity by virtue of this electrochemical oxidation. The produced carbonyl compounds can be further transformed into α-ketoamides, homoallylic alcohols and oximes in a one-pot reaction. In particular, a series of α-ketoamides were prepared in a one-pot continuous electrolysis. Mechanistic studies showed that 2,2,2-trifluoroethan-1-ol (TFE) can interact with catalyst species and generate the corresponding hydrogen-bonding complex to enhance the electrochemical oxidation performance. [Figure not available: see fulltext.]
- Li, Zhibin,Zhang, Yan,Li, Kuiliang,Zhou, Zhenghong,Zha, Zhenggen,Wang, Zhiyong
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p. 2134 - 2141
(2021/09/29)
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- Dimensional Reduction of Eu-Based Metal-Organic Framework as Catalysts for Oxidation Catalysis of C(sp3)–H Bond
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Developing new catalysts for highly selectivity and conversion of saturated C(sp3)–H bonds is of great significance. In order to obtain catalysts with high catalytic performance, six Eu-based MOFs with different structural characteristics were obtained by using europium ions and different organic acid ligands, namely Eu-1~Eu-6. Eu-1, Eu-2 and Eu-3 featured three-dimensional structures, while Eu-4 and Eu-5 featured two-dimensional structures. Differently, a one-dimensional chain structure of Eu-6 was obtained by changing the ligand. All the six MOFs were applied to the catalytic reaction of C(sp3)–H bond, and it was found that the catalytic effect was gradually enhanced with the decrease of dimension and the increase of the size of channels. As expected, Eu-6 showed the highest selectivity (~99%) and conversion (~99%). Moreover, catalytic cycling and stability tests showed Eu-6 can be a reliable catalyst.
- Yan, Jun,Yu, Wei-Dong,Zhang, Yin,Zhao, Cai-Feng
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- Organotellurium-catalyzed oxidative deoximation reactions using visible-light as the precise driving energy
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Irradiated by visible light, the recyclable (PhTe)2-catalyzed oxidative deoximation reaction could occur under mild conditions. In comparison with the thermo reaction, the method employed reduced catalyst loading (1 mol% vs. 2.5 mol%), but afforded elevated product yields with expanded substrate scope. This work demonstrated that for the organotellurium-catalyzed reactions, visible light might be an even more precise driving energy than heating because it could break the Te–Te bond accurately to generate the active free radical catalytic intermediates without damaging the fragile substituents (e.g., heterocycles) of substrates. The use of O2 instead of explosive H2O2 as oxidant affords safer reaction conditions from the large-scale application viewpoint.
- Deng, Xin,Qian, Rongrong,Zhou, Hongwei,Yu, Lei
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supporting information
p. 1029 - 1032
(2020/10/23)
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- Decatungstate-mediated solar photooxidative cleavage of CC bonds using air as an oxidant in water
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With the increasing attention for green chemistry and sustainable development, there has been much interest in searching for greener methods and sources in organic synthesis. However, toxic additives or solvents are inevitably involved in most organic transformations. Herein, we first report the combination of direct utilization of solar energy, air as the oxidant and water as the solvent for the selective cleavage of CC double bonds in aryl olefins. Various α-methyl styrenes, diaryl alkenes as well as terminal styrenes are well tolerated in this green and sustainable strategy and furnished the desired carbonyl products in satisfactory yields. Like heterogeneous catalysis, this homogeneous catalytic system could also be reused and it retains good activity even after repeating three times. Mechanism investigations indicated that both O2- and 1O2 were involved in the reaction. Based on these results, two possible mechanisms, including the electron transfer pathway and the energy transfer pathway, were proposed.
- Du, Dongdong,Luo, Junfei,Shi, Sanshan,Xie, Pan,Xue, Cheng
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p. 5936 - 5943
(2021/08/23)
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- Selective oxidation of alkenes to carbonyls under mild conditions
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Herein, a practical and sustainable method for the synthesis of aldehydes, ketones, and carboxylic acids from an inexpensive olefinic feedstock is described. This transformation features very sustainable and mild conditions and utilizes commercially available and inexpensive tetrahydrofuran as the additive, molecular oxygen as the sole oxidant and water as the solvent. A wide range of substituted alkenes were found to be compatible, providing the corresponding carbonyl compounds in moderate-to-good yields. The control experiments demonstrated that a radical mechanism is responsible for the oxidation reaction.
- Huo, Jie,Xiong, Daokai,Xu, Jun,Yue, Xiaoguang,Zhang, Pengfei,Zhang, Yilan
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supporting information
p. 5549 - 5555
(2021/08/16)
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- Method for preparing carbonyl compound through oxidative cleavage of visible light excitation aqueous solution quantum dot catalytic olefin compound
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The invention provides a method for preparing carbonyl compounds through oxidative cleavage of a visible light excitation aqueous solution quantum dot catalytic olefin compound. Belong to photocatalysis synthesis technical field. To the method, an aqueous solution quantum dot is used as a photocatalyst, and an aqueous solution quantum dot activated molecular oxygen catalytic oxidation aromatic alkene compound is excited by visible light to be cracked to prepare a carbonyl compound. Low-loading capacity is used, a simple aqueous solution quantum dot is used as a catalyst, the yield of the carbonyl compound is high, TON more than ten millions are obtained. The reaction conditions are mild, water serves as a main solvent for the reaction, and the carbonyl compound can be obtained by catalytic olefin compound oxidation cracking without addition of a cocatalyst or the like. The method is simple to operate, wide in substrate range and low in cost.
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Paragraph 0036
(2021/11/10)
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- Visible-Light-Driven Oxidative Cleavage of Alkenes Using Water-Soluble CdSe Quantum Dots
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The oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds is an important chemical reaction, which is a popular reaction in the photocatalytic field. However, high catalyst-loading and low turnover number (TON) are general shortcomings in reported visible-light-driven reactions. Herein, the direct oxidative cleavage of C=C bonds through water-soluble CdSe quantum dots (QDs) is described under visible-light irradiation at room temperature with high TON (up to 3.7×104). Under the same conditions, water-soluble CdSe QDs could also oxidize sulfides to sulfoxides with 51–84 % yields and TONs up to 3.4×104. The key features of this photocatalytic protocol include high TONs, wide substrates scope, low catalyst loadings, simple and mild reaction conditions, and molecular O2 as the oxidant.
- Li, Jianing,Zhao, Jingnan,Ma, Cunfei,Yu, Zongyi,Zhu, Hongfei,Yun, Lei,Meng, Qingwei
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p. 4985 - 4992
(2021/10/16)
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- o-Quinone methide with overcrowded olefin component as a dehydridation catalyst under aerobic photoirradiation conditions
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Ano-quinone methide (o-QM) featuring an overcrowded olefinic framework is introduced, which exhibits dehydridation activity owing to its enhanced zwitterionic character, particularly through photoexcitation. The characteristics of thiso-QM enable the operation of dehydridative catalysis in the oxidation of benzylic secondary alcohols under aerobic photoirradiation conditions. An experimental analysis and density functional theory calculations provide mechanistic insights; the ground-state zwitterionic intermediate abstracts a hydride and proton simultaneously, and the active oxygen species facilitate catalyst regeneration.
- Uraguchi, Daisuke,Kato, Kohsuke,Ooi, Takashi
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p. 2778 - 2783
(2021/03/14)
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- Preparation of trinuclear ruthenium clusters based on piconol ligands and their application in Oppenauer-type oxidation of secondary alcohols
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Treatment of Ru3(CO)12 with one equivalent of 2-indolyl-6-pyridinyl-alcohol ligands 2-(C8H6N)-6-(CR1R2OH)C5H3N (R1 = R2 = Me (L1H); R1 = R2 = C2H5 (L2H); R1, R2 = ?(CH2)4- (L3H);& R1, R2 = ?(CH2)5- (L4H)) in refluxing THF afforded the corresponding trinuclear ruthenium clusters L(μ2-H)Ru3(CO)9 (1a–1d), respectively. All the novel Ru complexes were well characterized by NMR, elemental analyses and IR spectra. Structures of complexes 1a, 1c, and 1d were further determined by X-ray crystallographic studies. Complexes 1a–1d were applied to catalytic Oppenauer-type oxidation of secondary alcohols with acetone as oxidant, and complex 1a was found to be the most efficient catalyst.
- Dong, Qing,Ma, Zongwen,Hao, Zhiqiang,Han, Zhangang,Lin, Jin,Lu, Guo-Liang
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- Phase Separation-Promoted Redox Deracemization of Secondary Alcohols over a Supported Dual Catalysts System
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Unification of oxidation and reduction in a one-pot deracemization process has great significance in the preparation of enantioenriched organic molecules. However, the intrinsic mutual deactivation of oxidative and reductive catalysts and the extrinsic incompatible reaction conditions are unavoidable challenges in a single operation. To address these two issues, we develop a supported dual catalysts system to overcome these conflicts from incompatibility to compatibility, resulting in an efficient one-pot redox deracemization of secondary alcohols. During this transformation, the TEMPO species onto the outer surface of silica nanoparticles catalyze the oxidation of racemic alcohols to ketones, and the chiral Rh/diamine species in the nanochannels of the thermoresponsive polymer-coated hollow-shell mesoporous silica enable the asymmetric transfer hydrogenation (ATH) of ketones to chiral alcohols. To demonstrate the general feasibility, a series of orthogonal oxidation/ATH cascade reactions are compared to prove the compatible benefits in the elimination of their deactivations and the balance of the cascade directionality. As presented in this study, this redox deracemization process provides various chiral alcohols with enhanced yields and enantioselectivities relative to those from unsupported dual catalysts systems. Furthermore, the dual catalysts can be recycled continuously, making them an attractive feature in the application.
- Zhao, Zhitong,Wang, Chengyi,Chen, Qipeng,Wang, Yu,Xiao, Rui,Tan, Chunxia,Liu, Guohua
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p. 4055 - 4063
(2021/08/12)
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- Ru(iii) -based polyoxometalate tetramers as highly efficient heterogeneous catalysts for alcohol oxidation reactions at room temperature
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A novel ruthenium-containing polyoxometalate-based organic-inorganic hybrid, K4Na9H7.4[(AsW9O33)4(WO2)4{Ru3.2(C3H3N2)2}]·42H2O (1), was successfully synthesized by a one-step hydrothermal method under acidic conditions, which applied a self-assembly strategy between inorganic polyoxometalate based on trivacant [B-α-AsW9O33]9?{AsW9} fragments and an organic ligand, imidazole (C3H4N2). Compound1was further characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, PXRD, IR spectroscopy, UV-Vis spectroscopy, ESI-MS, elemental analysis and TGA. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction data reveal that the polyanion consists of four trivacant Keggin-type polyanion {AsW9} building blocks bridged by four {WO6} units, leading to a crown-shaped tetrameric structure [(AsW9O33)4(WO2)4{Ru3.2(C3H3N2)2}]20.4?. The ESI-MS result reveals that the polyanion unit has excellent structural integrity in water. Moreover, the catalysis study of1was also further investigated, and the experimental results indicate heterogeneous catalyst1presents high efficiency (yield = 98%), excellent selectivity (>99%), and good recyclability for the oxidation of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)ethanol to 4′-chloroacetophenone with commercially available 70% aqueoustert-butyl hydroperoxide {TBHP (aq.)} as the oxidant at room temperature.
- Li, Huafeng,Ma, Pengtao,Niu, Jingyang,Song, Junpeng,Wang, Jingping,Wang, Yaqiong,Zhao, Xue,Zou, Yan
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p. 12664 - 12673
(2021/09/28)
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- NHC ligand-based half-sandwich iridium complexes: synthesis, structure and catalytic activity in acceptorless dehydrogenation and transfer hydrogenation
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A set of neutral C,C-chelate half-sandwich iridium(iii) complexes have been prepared with NHC ligands that contain pendant aromatic rings as potentially chelating donor sites. The catalytic activity of such iridium complexes has been investigated for the acceptorless dehydrogenation (AD) reactions of alcohols and for the transfer hydrogenation reactions of ketones. The prepared iridium(iii) complexes show excellent catalytic activity for AD reactions of a wide range of secondary alcohols, and they are also shown to be effective for the synthesis of aldehydes from primary alcohols without the observation of undesired byproducts such as esters. Additionally, these complexes are also highly efficient in transfer hydrogenation of ketones and aldehydes, which give the alcohols in good yields under mild conditions. The exact structure and bonding mode of the NHC-based iridium complexes was identified using various spectroscopic methods and single crystal X-ray analysis.
- Deng, Wei,Jin, Yan,Li, Rong-Jian,Liu, Zhen-Jiang,Wang, Yang,Yao, Zi-Jian
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p. 19002 - 19010
(2021/10/29)
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- Method for oxidative cracking of compound containing unsaturated double bonds
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The invention relates to a method for oxidative cracking of a compound containing unsaturated double bonds. The method comprises the following steps: (A) providing a compound (I) containing unsaturated double bonds, a trifluoromethyl-containing reagent and a catalyst, wherein the catalyst is shown as a formula (II): M(O)mL1yL2z (II), M, L1, L2, m, y, z, R1, R2 and R3 being defined in the specification; and (B) mixing the compound containing the unsaturated double bonds and the trifluoromethyl-containing reagent, and performing an oxidative cracking reaction on the compound containing the unsaturated double bonds in the presence of air or oxygen by using the catalyst to obtain a compound represented by formula (III),.
- -
-
Paragraph 0108-0114; 0143-0145; 0158-0160
(2021/07/09)
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- METHOD FOR OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF COMPOUNDS WITH UNSATURATED DOUBLE BOND
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A method for oxidative cleavage of a compound with an unsaturated double bond is provided. The method comprises the following step: (A) providing a compound (I) with an unsaturated double bond, a reagent with trifluoromethyl, and a catalyst; wherein the catalyst is represented by the following formula (II): M(O)mL1yL2z (II); wherein, M, L1, L2, m, y, z, R1, R2 and R3 are defined in the specification; and (B) mixing the compound with an unsaturated double bond and the reagent with a trifluoromethyl to perform an oxidation of the compound with the unsaturated double bond by using the catalyst at air or an oxygen condition to get a compound presented as formula (III):
- -
-
Paragraph 0053-0056
(2021/03/19)
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- METHOD FOR OXIDATIVE CLEAVAGE OF COMPOUNDS WITH UNSATURATED DOUBLE BOND
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A method for oxidative cleavage of a compound with an unsaturated double bond is provided. The method includes the steps of: (A) providing a compound (I) with an unsaturated double bond, a trifluoromethyl-containing reagent, and a catalyst; wherein, the catalyst is represented by Formula (II): M(O)mL1yL2z??(II);wherein, M, L1, L2, m, y, z, R1, R2 and R3 are defined in the specification; and(B) mixing the compound with an unsaturated double bond and the trifluoromethyl-containing reagent to perform an oxidative cleavage of the compound with the unsaturated double bond by using the catalyst in air or under oxygen atmosphere condition to obtain a compound represented by Formula (III):
- -
-
Paragraph 0071
(2021/07/10)
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- Iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabled aldehyde C-H methylation
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A practical and general iron-catalyzed domino decarboxylation-oxidation of α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids enabling aldehyde C-H methylation for the synthesis of methyl ketones has been developed. This mild, operationally simple method uses ambient air as the sole oxidant and tolerates sensitive functional groups for the late-stage functionalization of complex natural-product-derived and polyfunctionalized molecules.
- Gong, Pei-Xue,Xu, Fangning,Cheng, Lu,Gong, Xu,Zhang, Jie,Gu, Wei-Jin,Han, Wei
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supporting information
p. 5905 - 5908
(2021/06/18)
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- One-Pot Chemoenzymatic Conversion of Alkynes to Chiral Amines
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A one-pot chemoenzymatic sequential cascade for the synthesis of chiral amines from alkynes was developed. In this integrated approach, just ppm amounts of gold catalysts enabled the conversion of alkynes to ketones (>99%) after which a transaminase was used to catalyze the production of biologically valuable chiral amines in a good yield (up to 99%) and enantiomeric excess (>99%). A preparative scale synthesis of (S)-methylbenzylamine and (S)-4-methoxy-methylbenzylamine from its alkyne form gave a yield of 59 and 92%, respectively, withee> 99%.
- Mathew, Sam,Renn, Dominik,Rueping, Magnus,Sagadevan, Arunachalam
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p. 12565 - 12569
(2021/10/21)
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- Highly Active and Robust Ruthenium Complexes Based on Hemilability of Hybrid Ligands for C-H Oxidation
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Evaluation of the hemilability of hybrid ligands provides a key to understand the metal-ligand cooperation in transition metal catalysis. Here, we design and synthesize a type of RuII complexes based on the hemilability of N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs), pyridine, and pyrazole, to compare their activity with other reported Ru catalysts in benzylic C-H oxidation. The RuII catalysts showed ultrastrong catalytic activity in water at room temperature and achieved a turnover frequency (TOF) of 114 h-1, which is the highest TOF value ever reported for Ru-catalyzed benzylic C-H oxidation. The addition of tridentate hybrid ligands in the Ru central position has two beneficial effects: NHCs with a stronger donor ability stabilize the Ru center; however, nitrogen ligands with a relatively weaker donor ability release from the Ru center, so that they induce a reaction. UV-vis, high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS), electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectrometry, the trapping of radicals, and the density functional theory calculations (DFT) suggested that a cation catalyst L-RuII-tBuO2H is formed via the reaction between starting RuII catalysts and tert-butyl hydroperoxide, which further undergoes a cleavage of the O-O bond to generate a radical and a cation L-RuIII-OH active intermediate.
- Bo, Chun-Bo,Bu, Qingqing,Li, Xue,Ma, Ge,Wei, Donghui,Guo, Cheng,Dai, Bin,Liu, Ning
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p. 4324 - 4334
(2020/03/05)
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- 1,2-Diethoxyethane catalyzed oxidative cleavage of gem-disubstituted aromatic alkenes to ketones under minimal solvent conditions
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Aerobic oxidation using pure dioxygen gas as the oxidant has attracted much attention, but its application in synthetic chemistry has been significantly hampered by the complexity of catalytic system and potential risk of high-energy dioxygen gas. By employing 1,2-diethoxyethane as a catalyst and ambient air as an oxidant, an efficient protocol for the construction of various aryl-alkyl and diaryl ketones through oxidative cleavage of gem-disubstituted aromatic alkenes under minimal solvent conditions has been achieved.
- Liu, Kai-Jian,Deng, Ji-Hui,Zeng, Tang-Yu,Chen, Xin-Jie,Huang, Ying,Cao, Zhong,Lin, Ying-Wu,He, Wei-Min
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supporting information
p. 1868 - 1872
(2020/01/31)
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- A Simple Biosystem for the High-Yielding Cascade Conversion of Racemic Alcohols to Enantiopure Amines
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The amination of racemic alcohols to produce enantiopure amines is an important green chemistry reaction for pharmaceutical manufacturing, requiring simple and efficient solutions. Herein, we report the development of a cascade biotransformation to aminate racemic alcohols. This cascade utilizes an ambidextrous alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) to oxidize a racemic alcohol, an enantioselective transaminase (TA) to convert the ketone intermediate to chiral amine, and isopropylamine to recycle PMP and NAD+ cofactors via the reversed cascade reactions. The concept was proven by using an ambidextrous CpSADH-W286A engineered from (S)-enantioselective CpSADH as the first example of evolving ambidextrous ADHs, an enantioselective BmTA, and isopropylamine. A biosystem containing isopropylamine and E. coli (CpSADH-W286A/BmTA) expressing the two enzymes was developed for the amination of racemic alcohols to produce eight useful and high-value (S)-amines in 72–99 % yield and 98–99 % ee, providing with a simple and practical solution to this type of reaction.
- Li, Zhi,Tian, Kaiyuan
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supporting information
p. 21745 - 21751
(2020/09/21)
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- Palladium aminopyridine complexes catalyzed selective benzylic C-H oxidations with peracetic acid
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Four palladium(ii) complexes with tripodal ligands of the tpa family (tpa = tris(2-pyridylmethyl)amine) have been synthesized and X-ray characterized. These complexes efficiently catalyze benzylic C-H oxidation of various substrates with peracetic acid, affording the corresponding ketones in high yields (up to 100%), at 1 mol% catalyst loadings. Complex [(tpa)Pd(OAc)](PF6) with the least sterically demanding ligand tpa demonstrates the highest substrate conversions and ketone selectivities. Preliminary mechanistic data provide evidence in favor of metal complex-mediated rate-limiting benzylic C-H bond cleavage by an electron-deficient oxidant.
- Bryliakov, Konstantin P.,Lubov, Dmitry P.,Lyakin, Oleg Yu.,Rybalova, Tatyana V.,Samsonenko, Denis G.,Talsi, Evgenii P.
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supporting information
p. 11150 - 11156
(2020/09/02)
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- Cobalt-Catalyzed Reductive C-O Bond Cleavage of Lignin β-O-4 Ketone Models via in Situ Generation of the Cobalt-Boryl Species
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An efficient and mild method for reductive C-O bond cleavage of lignin β-O-4 ketone models was developed to afford the corresponding ketones and phenols with PDI-CoCl2 as the precatalyst and diboron reagent as the reductant. The synthetic utility of the methodology was demonstrated by depolymerization of a polymeric model and gram-scale transformation. Mechanistic studies suggested that this transformation involves steps of carbonyl insertion, 1,2-Brook type rearrangement, β-oxygen elimination, and rate-limiting regeneration of the catalytic active Co-B species.
- Gao, Kecheng,Xu, Man,Cai, Cheng,Ding, Yanghao,Chen, Jianhui,Liu, Bosheng,Xia, Yuanzhi
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p. 6055 - 6060
(2020/08/12)
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- Oxidative C-S Bond Cleavage of Benzyl Thiols Enabled by Visible-Light-Mediated Silver(II) Complexes
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The oxidative cleavage reaction of the C-S bond using singlet oxygen is challenging because of its uncontrollable nature. We have developed a novel method for the singlet-oxygen-mediated selective C-S bond cleavage reaction using silver(II)-ligand complexes. Visible-light-induced silver catalysis enables the controlled oxidative cleavage of benzyl thiols to afford carbonyl compounds, such as aldehydes or ketones, which are important synthetic components.
- Hong, Boseok,Aganda, Kim Christopher C.,Lee, Anna
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supporting information
p. 4395 - 4399
(2020/06/05)
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- Synthesis and Catalytic Properties of Metal- N-Heterocyclic-Carbene-Decorated Covalent Organic Framework
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We demonstrate herein that the N-heterocyclic-carbene (NHC)-metal complex (NHC-M)-involved covalent organic framework (COF) can be prepared by the direct polymerization of the NHC-M monomer with its counterpart under solvothermal conditions. The NHC-M-COF with different counterions is readily achieved via solid-state anion exchange. The obtained NHC-AuX-COF (X = Cl- and SbF6-) can be a highly active reusable catalyst to separately promote the carboxylation of the terminal alkyne with CO2 and alkyne hydration under mild conditions.
- Dong, Ying,Dong, Yu-Bin,Kan, Jing-Lan,Li, Yue,Wu, Xiaowei
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supporting information
p. 7363 - 7368
(2020/10/12)
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- Electronic Asymmetry of an Annelated Pyridyl-Mesoionic Carbene Scaffold: Application in Pd(II)-Catalyzed Wacker-Type Oxidation of Olefins
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The two donor modules of an annelated pyridyl-mesoionic carbene ligand (aPmic) have different σ- and π-bonding characteristics leading to its electronic asymmetry. A Pd(II) complex 1 featuring aPmic catalyzes the oxidation of a wide range of terminal olefins to the corresponding methyl ketones in good to excellent yields in acetonitrile. The catalytic reaction is proposed to proceed via syn-peroxypalladation and a subsequent rate-limiting 1,2-hydride shift, which is supported by kinetic studies. The electronic asymmetry of aPmic renders a well-defined coordination sphere at Pd. The favored arrangement of reactants on the metal center features an olefin trans to the pyridyl module and a tbutylperoxide trans to the carbene. This arrangement gains added stability by the π-delocalization paved by the compatible orbitals on Pd, the pyridyl module, and the olefin that is perpendicular to the Pd(aPmic) plane. The π-interactions are absent in an alternate arrangement wherein the olefin is trans to the carbene. Density functional theory studies reveal the matching orbital overlaps responsible for the preferred arrangement over the other. This work provides an orbital description for the electronic asymmetry of aPmic.
- Bera, Jitendra K.,Dutta, Indranil,Kunnikuruvan, Sooraj,Reshi, Noor U Din,Saha, Sayantani,Yadav, Suman
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p. 11385 - 11393
(2020/11/23)
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- Manganese/Copper Co-catalyzed Electrochemical Wacker-Tsuji-Type Oxidation of Aryl-Substituted Alkenes
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A manganese/copper co-catalyzed electrochemical Wacker-Tsuji-type oxidation of aryl-substituted alkenes has been developed. The process involves the use of 5 mol % MnBr2 and 7.5 mol % CuCl2, in 4:1 acetonitrile/water in an undivided cell at 60 °C, with 2.8 V constant applied potential. α-Aryl ketones are formed in moderate to excellent yields, with the advantages of avoidance of palladium as a catalyst and any external chemical oxidant in an easily operated, cost-effective procedure.
- Lai, Junshan,Pericàs, Miquel A.
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supporting information
p. 7338 - 7342
(2020/10/02)
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- Isopropanol as a hydrogen source for single atom cobalt-catalyzed Wacker-type oxidation
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The first example of a heterogeneous cobalt catalytic system for Wacker-type oxidation catalyzed by a single atom dispersed Co-N/C catalyst using alcohol as the hydrogen source under an oxygen atmosphere is presented. By combining a well-designed, controlled experiment and various methods of characterization, we determined that single atom cobalt was the active center rather than nanoparticle or oxide counterparts.
- An, Yue,Chen, Bo,Gao, Shuang,Huang, Guanwang,Luo, Huihui,Shang, Sensen,Wang, Lianyue
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p. 2769 - 2773
(2020/06/17)
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- Combined Photoredox/Enzymatic C?H Benzylic Hydroxylations
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Chemical transformations that install heteroatoms into C?H bonds are of significant interest because they streamline the construction of value-added small molecules. Direct C?H oxyfunctionalization, or the one step conversion of a C?H bond to a C?O bond, could be a highly enabling transformation due to the prevalence of the resulting enantioenriched alcohols in pharmaceuticals and natural products,. Here we report a single-flask photoredox/enzymatic process for direct C?H hydroxylation that proceeds with broad reactivity, chemoselectivity and enantioselectivity. This unified strategy advances general photoredox and enzymatic catalysis synergy and enables chemoenzymatic processes for powerful and selective oxidative transformations.
- Betori, Rick C.,May, Catherine M.,Scheidt, Karl A.
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supporting information
p. 16490 - 16494
(2019/11/03)
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- Iron-Enabled Utilization of Air as the Terminal Oxidant Leading to Aerobic Oxidative Deoximation by Organoselenium Catalysis
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In contrast to conventional organoselenium-catalyzed oxidation reactions that require peroxide oxidants such as hydrogen peroxide, in this work we found that, addition of a low loading of iron (II) could enable the successful utilization of air as the terminal oxidant in organoselenium-catalyzed oxidative deoximation reaction of ketoximes. This led to a new mild and relatively green aerobic oxidative deoximation method. Control reactions and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis suggest that iron is crucial in the catalytic cycle, working to prohibit the deactivation of selenium catalyst through an iron-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of low valent selenium species by air to the active high valent selenium species. Since air can be utilized as the terminal oxidant, this work may contribute to the advance of organoselenium catalysis. (Figure presented.).
- Chen, Chao,Zhang, Xu,Cao, Hongen,Wang, Fang,Yu, Lei,Xu, Qing
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p. 603 - 610
(2018/12/14)
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- Efficient acceptorless photo-dehydrogenation of alcohols and: N -heterocycles with binuclear platinum(ii) diphosphite complexes
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Although photoredox catalysis employing Ru(ii) and Ir(iii) complexes as photocatalysts has emerged as a versatile tool for oxidative C-H functionalization under mild conditions, the need for additional reagents acting as electron donor/scavenger for completing the catalytic cycle undermines the practicability of this approach. Herein we demonstrate that photo-induced oxidative C-H functionalization can be catalysed with high product yields under oxygen-free and acceptorless conditions via inner-sphere atom abstraction by binuclear platinum(ii) diphosphite complexes. Both alcohols (51 examples), particularly the aliphatic ones, and saturated N-heterocycles (24 examples) can be efficiently dehydrogenated under light irradiation at room temperature. Regeneration of the photocatalyst by means of reductive elimination of dihydrogen from the in situ formed platinum(iii)-hydride species represents an alternative paradigm to the current approach in photoredox catalysis.
- Zhong, Jian-Ji,To, Wai-Pong,Liu, Yungen,Lu, Wei,Che, Chi-Ming
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p. 4883 - 4889
(2019/05/16)
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- Electrochemical performance of ABNO for oxidation of secondary alcohols in acetonitrile solution
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The ketones was successfully prepared from secondary alcohols using 9-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane-N-oxyl (ABNO) as the catalyst and 2,6-lutidine as the base in acetonitrile solution. The electrochemical activity of ABNO for oxidation of 1-phenylethanol was investigated by cyclic voltammetry, in situ Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and constant current electrolysis experiments. The resulting cyclic voltammetry indicated that ABNO exhibited much higher electrochemical activity when compared with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) under the similar conditions. A reasonable reaction mechanism of the electrocatalytic oxidation of 1-phenylethanol to acetophenone was proposed. In addition, a series of secondary alcohols could be converted to the corresponding ketones at room temperature in 80-95% isolated yields.
- Niu, Pengfei,Liu, Xin,Shen, Zhenlu,Li, Meichao
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- A Stable Polyoxometalate-Based Metal-Organic Framework as Highly Efficient Heterogeneous Catalyst for Oxidation of Alcohols
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A novel copper-containing 3D polyoxometalate-based metal-organic framework (POMOF), H[Cu5ICuII(pzc)2(pz)4.5{P2W18O62}]·6H2O (HENU-1, HENU = Henan University; Hpzc = pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid, pz = pyrazine), was successfully isolated by a one-step hydrothermal method. In this compound, the {P2W18} polyanion acts as a seven-connected linker bridging adjacent 2D double-layer networks, as well as a template to induce the formation of the desired 3D framework. Particularly, the pz ligands are generated from pzc ligands in situ during the reaction process. HENU-1 exhibits not only good stability in air but also tolerance to acidic and basic media. It was first employed as a highly efficient heterogeneous catalyst for the oxidation of 1-phenylethanol into acetophenone, which shows 97% yield using tert-butyl hydroperoxide as oxidant with a turnover frequency of up to 9690·h-1, and was reused for at least five cycles without significant catalytic activity loss. No POM leaching or framework decomposition was observed in our study.
- Li, Dandan,Xu, Qiaofei,Li, Yingguang,Qiu, Yueting,Ma, Pengtao,Niu, Jingyang,Wang, Jingping
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p. 4945 - 4953
(2019/04/25)
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- Metal-Free Photoinduced Transformation of Aryl Halides and Diketones into Aryl Ketones
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The acylation of aryl halides to prepare aryl ketones without metal catalyst represents an important yet challenging topic towards more sustainable ketone synthesis. Herein, we describe a simple and efficient metal-free protocol for the acylation of aryl halides with diketone under the irradiation of light utilizing N-methylpiperidine as base under an air atmosphere. This reaction can tolerate a wide range of functional groups and the corresponding ketones can be obtained in modest to good yields.
- Yao, Qiuli,Liu, Wenbo,Liu, Peng,Ren, Linjing,Fang, Xuehong,Li, Chao-Jun
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supporting information
p. 2721 - 2724
(2019/01/14)
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- Deracemization of Racemic Amines to Enantiopure (R)- and (S)-amines by Biocatalytic Cascade Employing ω-Transaminase and Amine Dehydrogenase
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A one-pot deracemization strategy for α-chiral amines is reported involving an enantioselective deamination to the corresponding ketone followed by a stereoselective amination by enantiocomplementary biocatalysts. Notably, this cascade employing a ω-transaminase and amine dehydrogenase enabled the access to both (R)-and (S)-amine products, just by controlling the directions of the reactions catalyzed by them. A wide range of (R)-and (S)-amines was obtained with excellent conversions (>80 %) and enantiomeric excess (>99 % ee). Finally, preparative scale syntheses led to obtain enantiopure (R)- and (S)-13 with the isolated yields of 53 and 75 %, respectively.
- Yoon, Sanghan,Patil, Mahesh D.,Sarak, Sharad,Jeon, Hyunwoo,Kim, Geon-Hee,Khobragade, Taresh P.,Sung, Sihyong,Yun, Hyungdon
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p. 1898 - 1902
(2019/02/27)
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- The synthesis of methyl triazole-4-carboxylate gold(I) complex and application on allene synthesis and alkyne hydration
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The methyl 1H-1,2,3-triazole-4-carboxylate containing a strong electron-withdrawing group was developed and applied as a ligand for gold(I) cations. The resulting ester-triazole gold(I) complex was investigated for its efficiency in catalyzing allene synthesis and alkyne hydration, in which an excellent catalytic efficiency was observed with low catalyst loadings.
- Hu, Wenkang,Shan, Liang,Ma, Fudong,Zhang, Yilin,Yang, Yongchun,Wang, Dawei
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- The synthesis and structural characterization of furanyl-1,2,3-triazole Gold(I) and its application in synthesis of enones from propargylic esters and alcohols
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Furanyl-1,2,3-triazole gold(I) was designed, synthesized and characterized by X-ray crystallography, and was found to exhibit high catalytic activity for the synthesis of enones in good to high yields through a propargylic ester rearrangement and subsequent hydration. Notably, excellent E/Z selectivity was observed in these transformations. This catalyst was also effective in catalyzing the rearrangement of propargylic alcohols and hydration of alkynes. Compared to triazole acetyl gold(III) and other gold complexes, the furanyl-1,2,3-triazole gold(I) is able to promote these transformations smoothly at a low temperature with the E isomer of enones as the only product.
- Yao, Wei,Zhang, Yilin,Xu, Xiaqing,Yang, Yongchun,Zeng, Wei,Wang, Dawei
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supporting information
(2019/10/04)
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- Synthesis method of primary amine hydrochloride
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The invention discloses a synthesis method of primary amine hydrochloride. According to the synthesis method, in the presence of a gold complex, water and alkyne carry out catalytic hydrolysis to generate ketones, and then ketones and ammonium formate are catalyzed by a rhodium complex to generate primary amine. Compared with a conventional primary amine synthesis method, the synthesis method hasthe advantages that no alkali is added during the reaction process, no side product is generated, the atomic economy is good, the reaction conditions are mild, and the synthesis method has a wide prospect.
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Paragraph 0079-0082
(2019/03/09)
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- Efficient Palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide for selective oxidation of olefins using graphene oxide as a ‘solid weak acid’
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Selective oxidation of olefin derivatives to ketones has made innovative development over palladium(0) supported on reduced graphene oxide. Compared to traditional Wacker oxidation, the novel method offers an economical and environment-friendly option by using graphene oxide (GO) as a ‘solid weak acid’ instead of classical homogeneous catalysts like H2SO4 and CF3COOH. X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope and transmission electron microscopy images of Pd0/RGO showed that the nanoscaled Pd particles generated at the flake structure of reduced graphene oxide. Under optimized condition, up to 44 kinds of ketones with different structures can be prepared with excellent yields.
- Gao, Xi,Zhou, Jianhao,Peng, Xinhua
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- Design and Assembly of a Chiral Metallosalen-Based Octahedral Coordination Cage for Supramolecular Asymmetric Catalysis
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Supramolecular containers featuring both high catalytic activity and high enantioselectivity represent a design challenge of practical importance. Herein, it is demonstrated that a chiral octahedral coordination cage can be constructed by using twelve enantiopure Mn(salen)-derived dicarboxylic acids as linear linkers and six Zn4-p-tert-butylsulfonylcalix[4]arene clusters as tetravalent four-connected vertices. The porous cage features a large hydrophobic cavity (≈3944 ?3) decorated with catalytically active metallosalen species and is shown to be an efficient and recyclable asymmetric catalyst for the oxidative kinetic resolution of racemic secondary alcohols and the epoxidation of olefins with up to >99 % enantiomeric excess. The cage architecture not only prevents intermolecular deactivation and stabilizes the Mn(salen) catalysts but also encapsulates substrates and concentrates reactants in the cavity, resulting in enhanced reactivity and enantioselectivity relative to the free metallosalen catalyst.
- Tan, Chunxia,Jiao, Jingjing,Li, Zijian,Liu, Yan,Han, Xing,Cui, Yong
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supporting information
p. 2085 - 2090
(2018/02/06)
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- An efficient approach for enhancing the catalytic activity of Ni-MOF-74: Via a relay catalyst system for the selective oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds under mild conditions
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Although nickel-based materials exhibit similar catalytic activity to palladium in organic synthesis, the selective oxidation of inert C-H bonds in the absence of other co-catalysts remains a largely unsolved challenge. This paper introduces a facile and efficient approach for enhancing the catalytic activity of Ni-MOF-74 with [bmim]Br via a relay catalysis strategy, which is excellent for the selective oxidation of benzylic C-H bonds. Notably, the catalyst recycling and scale up experiments demonstrated the practicability of the protocol. This method combines the catalytic advantages of MOFs and ionic liquids (ILs), and provides an insight into oxidation reactions by cheap and efficient Ni-based catalysts.
- Guo, Changyan,Zhang, Yonghong,Zhang, Yi,Wang, Jide
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supporting information
p. 3701 - 3704
(2018/04/17)
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- Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of N-Heterocycles and Secondary Alcohols by Ru(II)-NNC Complexes Bearing a Pyrazoyl-indolyl-pyridine Ligand
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Ruthenium(II) hydride complexes bearing a pyrazolyl-(2-indol-1-yl)-pyridine ligand were synthesized and structurally characterized by NMR analysis and X-ray single crystal crystallographic determinations. These complexes efficiently catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenation of N-heterocycles and secondary alcohols, respectively, exhibiting highly catalytic activity with a broad substrate scope. The present work has established a strategy to construct highly active transition metal complex catalysts and provides an atom-economical and environmentally benign protocol for the synthesis of aromatic N-heterocyclic compounds and ketones.
- Wang, Qingfu,Chai, Huining,Yu, Zhengkun
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p. 584 - 591
(2018/03/08)
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- Ammonium Tungstate as an Effective Catalyst for Selective Oxidation of Alcohols to Aldehydes or Ketones with Hydrogen Peroxide under Water - A Synergy of Graphene Oxide
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Ammonium tungstate was found to be a facile and efficient catalyst for selective oxidation of alcohols to the corresponding carbonyl compounds with hydrogen peroxide as oxidant. Heterogeneous graphene oxide as acid effectively intensified the transformations and resulted in excellent yields. The use of water as solvent rendered the reactions promising both economically and environmentally.
- Fu, Huihui,Hu, Chuanfeng,Huang, Zhida,Zhou, Jianhao,Peng, Xinhua
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supporting information
p. 447 - 451
(2017/11/27)
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- Design and Synthesis of Zirconium-Containing Coordination Polymer Based on Unsymmetric Indolyl Dicarboxylic Acid and Catalytic Application on Borrowing Hydrogen Reaction
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Catalytic borrowing hydrogen reaction is a very attractive transformation in the field of C-alkylation reaction. In this work, a new Zr (Zirconium)-containing coordination polymer containing unsymmetric indolyl dicarboxylic acid 1-(carboxymethyl)-1H-indole-5-carboxylic acid (H2CIA) was synthesized by the way of a solvothermal synthetic route and characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Nitrogen adsorption-desorption, fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectronic spectroscopy (XPS). The coordination polymer Zr-CIA was employed as the catalyst for C-alkylation of acetophenone derivatives in the presence of benzyl alcohol. In addition, Zr-CIA catalyst was also observed to be effective in the reaction of alcohols with alcohols and high yields of alkylation products were achieved. Mechanism investigations were also conducted to better understand the catalysts and transformations. Meanwhile, the Zr-CIA could be reused at least five times without a notable decrease in activity and selectivity. (Figure presented.).
- Hu, Xinyu,Zhu, Haiyan,Sang, Xinxin,Wang, Dawei
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supporting information
p. 4293 - 4300
(2018/10/02)
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- Osmium Catalysts for Acceptorless and Base-Free Dehydrogenation of Alcohols and Amines: Unusual Coordination Modes of a BPI Anion
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A novel type of catalyst precursors for the dehydrogenation of hydrogen carriers based on organic liquids has been discovered. Complexes OsH6(PiPr3)2 (1) and OsH(OH)(CO)(PiPr3)2 (2) react with 1,3-bis(6′-methyl-2′-pyridylimino)isoindoline (HBMePI) to give OsH3{κ2-Npy,Nimine-(BMePI)}(PiPr3)2 (3) and OsH{κ2-Npy,Nimine-(BMePI)}(CO)(PiPr3)2 (4). The unprecedented κ2-Npy,Nimine coordination mode of BMePI is thermodynamically preferred with Os(IV) and Os(II) metal fragments and allows for preparation of BMePI-based dinuclear metal cations. Treatment of OsH2Cl2(PiPr3)2 (5) with 0.5 equiv of HBMePI in the presence of KOtBu affords the chloride salt of the bis(osmium(IV)) dinuclear cation [{OsH3(PiPr3)2}2{μ-(κ2-Npy,Nimine)2-BMePI}]+ (6). Related homoleptic bis(osmium(II)) complexes have been also synthesized. Complex 4 reacts with the bis(solvento) [OsH(CO){κ1-O-[OCMe2]2}(PiPr3)2]BF4 to give [{OsH(CO)(PiPr3)2}2{μ-(κ2-Npy,Nimine)2-BMePI}]BF4 (7), whereas the addition of 0.5 equiv of HBMePI to {OsCl(η6-C6H6)}2(μ-Cl)2 (8) affords [{OsCl(η6-C6H6)}2{μ-(κ2-Npy,Nimine)2-BMePI}]Cl (9). The reactions of 4 with 8 and {OsCl(η6-p-cymene)}2(μ-Cl)2 (10) lead to the heteroleptic cations [(PiPr3)2(CO)HOs{μ-(κ2-Npy,Nimine)2-BMePI}OsCl(η6-arene)]+ (arene = C6H6 (11), p-cymene (12)). The electronic structrure and electrochemical properties of the dinuclear complexes were also studied. Complexes 3 and 4 are efficient catalyst precursors for the acceptorless and base-free dehydrogenation of secondary and primary alcohols and cyclic and lineal amines. The primary alcohols afford aldehydes. The amount of H2 released per gram of heterocycle depends upon the presence of a methyl group adjacent to the nitrogen atom, the position of the nitrogen atom in the heterocycle, and the size of the heterocycle.
- Buil, María L.,Esteruelas, Miguel A.,Gay, M. Pilar,Gómez-Gallego, Mar,Nicasio, Antonio I.,O?ate, Enrique,Santiago, Alicia,Sierra, Miguel A.
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p. 603 - 617
(2018/03/08)
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- Base-Free and Acceptorless Dehydrogenation of Alcohols Catalyzed by an Iridium Complex Stabilized by a N, N, N-Osmaligand
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The preparation of a N,N,N-osmaligand, its coordination to iridium to afford an efficient catalyst precursor, and the catalytic activity of the latter in dehydrogenation reactions of hydrogen carriers based on alcohols are reported. Complex OsH2Cl2(PiPr3)2 (1) reacts with 3-(2-pyridyl)pyrazol to give the osmium(II) complex 2H, which contains an acidic hydrogen atom. Deprotonation of the latter by the bridging methoxy groups of the dimer [Ir(μ-OMe)(n4-COD)]2 (COD = 1,5-cyclooctadiene) leads to Ir(2)( n 4-COD) (3), where osmaligand 2 has a free-nitrogen atom. Iridium complex 3 catalyzes the dehydrogenation of secondary and primary alcohols to ketones and aldehydes or esters, respectively, and the dehydrogenation of diols to lactones. Cyclooctatriene is detected during the catalysis by GC-MS, suggesting that the true catalyst of the reactions is a dihydride IrH2(2)-species with osmaligand 2 acting as N,N,N-pincer. The presence of a phenyl group in the substrates favors the catalytic processes. The dehydrogenative homocoupling of primary alcohols to esters appears to take place via the transitory formation of hemiacetals.
- Alabau, Roberto G.,Esteruelas, Miguel A.,Martínez, Antonio,Oliván, Montserrat,O?ate, Enrique
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p. 2732 - 2740
(2018/09/10)
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- Design, synthesis and structure-based optimization of novel isoxazole-containing benzamide derivatives as FtsZ modulators
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Antibiotic resistance among clinically significant bacterial pathogens is becoming a prevalent threat to public health, and new antibacterial agents with novel mechanisms of action hence are in an urgent need. Utilizing computational docking method and structure-based optimization strategy, we rationally designed and synthesized two series of isoxazol-3-yl- and isoxazol-5-yl-containing benzamide derivatives that targeted the bacterial cell division protein FtsZ. Evaluation of their activity against a panel of Gram-positive and -negative pathogens revealed that compounds B14 and B16 that possessed the isoxazol-5-yl group showed strong antibacterial activity against various testing strains, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and penicillin-resistant S. aureus. Further molecular biological studies and docking analyses proved that the compound functioned as an effective inhibitor to alter the dynamics of FtsZ self-polymerization via a stimulatory mechanism, which finally terminated the cell division and caused cell death. Taken together, these results could suggest a promising chemotype for development of new FtsZ-targeting bactericidal agent.
- Bi, Fangchao,Song, Di,Zhang, Nan,Liu, Zhiyang,Gu, Xinjie,Hu, Chaoyu,Cai, Xiaokang,Venter, Henrietta,Ma, Shutao
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- Preparation method of aromatic ketone
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The invention discloses a preparation method of aromatic ketone. Under the effects of a palladium catalyst and a nitrogen-containing ligand, nitrile compounds and arylsulfonylhydrazide take desulfurization addition reaction in an organic solvent; after the reaction is completed, post treatment is performed to obtain aromatic ketone. The reaction is applicable to aromatic nitrile compounds, and isalso applicable to aliphatic nitrile compounds; the reaction realizes the wide substrate applicability and functional group tolerance; the potential application value is realized in the aspect of aryl-carbonyl building.
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Paragraph 0056; 0057; 0058; 0060
(2018/09/11)
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- Method for removing oxime through catalysis of tellurium
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The invention provides a method for removing oxime through catalysis of tellurium and relates to the technical field of oxime removal. According to the method provided by the invention, commercializeddiphenyl ditelluride ether is used as a catalyst; oxygen gas is used as an oxidant under a solvent-free condition and oxime is heated so that oxime can be removed to obtain a carbonyl compound; the catalyst also can be repeatedly utilized. The method is clean and environmentally friendly, low in cost and safe to operate, so that the method is an effective oxime removing method. According to the method provided by the invention, raw materials are selected from various aryl or alkyl substituted oxime. According to the method provided by the invention, reaction does not need a solvent so that the reaction cost can be reduced and a process is clean and environmentally friendly. The oxidant provided by the invention is the oxygen gas and can be used for sufficiently oxidizing a substrate, andthe yield is the highest.
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Paragraph 0014; 0023; 0024
(2018/07/15)
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- Pd(II)-Catalyzed Denitrogenative and Desulfinative Addition of Arylsulfonyl Hydrazides with Nitriles
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A Pd(II)-catalyzed denitrogenative and desulfinative addition of arylsulfonyl hydrazides with nitriles has been successfully achieved under mild conditions. This transformation is a new method for the addition reaction to nitriles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides as arylating agent, thus providing an alternative synthesis of aryl ketones. The reported addition reaction is tolerant to many common functional groups, and works well in the presence of electron-donating and electron-withdrawing substituents. Notably, the reported denitrogenative and desulfinative addition was also appropriate for alkyl nitriles, making this newly developed transformation attractive.
- Meng, Mengting,Yang, Liangfeng,Cheng, Kai,Qi, Chenze
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p. 3275 - 3284
(2018/03/25)
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