- One-Pot Asymmetric Oxidative Dearomatization of 2-Substituted Indoles by Merging Transition Metal Catalysis with Organocatalysis to Access C2-Tetrasubstituted Indolin-3-Ones
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A one-pot approach for the asymmetric synthesis of C2-tetrasubstituted indolin-3-ones from 2-substituted indoles was developed via merging transition metal catalysis with organocatalysis. This strategy involves two processes, including CuI catalyzed oxidative dearomatization of 2-substituted indoles using O2 as green oxidant, and followed by an proline-promoted asymmetric Mannich reaction with ketones or aldehydes. A series of C2-tetrasubstituted indolin-3-ones were obtained in 35–86% yields, 2:1->20:1 dr and 48–99% ee. Moreover, the synthetic 2-tetrasubstituted indolin-3-ones could be easily transformed into 1H-[1,3] oxazino [3,4-a]indol-5(3H)-ones via a [4+1] cyclization process. In addition, the synthetic compound 3 s show certain antibacterial activity against S. aureus ATCC25923 and multi-drug resistance bacterial strain of S. aureus (20151027077) and its MIC values up to 8 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, respectively. (Figure presented.).
- Zhao, Yong-Long,An, Jian-Xiong,Yang, Fen-Fen,Guan, Xiang,Fu, Xiao-Zhong,Li, Zong-Qin,Wang, Da-Peng,Zhou, Meng,Yang, Yuan-Yong,He, Bin
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p. 1277 - 1285
(2022/03/14)
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- Polysubstituted Indole Synthesis via Palladium/Norbornene Cooperative Catalysis of Oxime Esters
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Polysubstituted indoles are prevalent in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and organic materials. Presented herein is the fact that polyfunctionalized indoles can be efficiently constructed from easily accessible oxime esters and aryl iodides, involving a palladium/norbornene synergistic synthesis. The reaction is enabled by a unique class of electrophiles in palladium/norbornene cooperative catalysis, which are oxime esters derived from simple ketone. The broad substrate scope and high functional group tolerance could make this method attractive for the synthesis of polysubstituted indoles.
- Liu, Jiechun,Lin, Haojiang,Jiang, Huanfeng,Huang, Liangbin
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p. 484 - 489
(2022/01/20)
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- Regioselective mercury(I)/palladium(II)-catalyzed single-step approach for the synthesis of imines and 2-substituted indoles
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An efficient synthesis of ketimines was achieved through a regioselective Hg(I)-catalyzed hydroamination of terminal acetylenes in the presence of anilines. The Pd(II)-catalyzed cycliza-tion of these imines into the 2-substituted indoles was satisfactorily carried out by a C-H acti-vation. In a single-step approach, a variety of 2-substituted indoles were also generated via a Hg(I)/Pd(II)-catalyzed, one-pot, two-step process, starting from anilines and terminal acetylenes. The arylacetylenes proved to be more effective than the alkyl derivatives.
- Delgado, Francisco,Gutiérrez, Rsuini U.,Hernández-Montes, Mayra,Mendieta-Moctezuma, Aarón,Tamariz, Joaquín
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- Synthesis of Substituted Anilines from Cyclohexanones Using Pd/C-Ethylene System and Its Application to Indole Synthesis
-
The synthesis of anilines and indoles from cyclohexanones using a Pd/C-ethylene system is reported. A simple combination of NH4OAc and K2CO3 under nonaerobic conditions was found to be the most suitable to perform this reaction. Hydrogen transfer between cyclohexanone and ethylene generates the desired products. The reaction tolerates a variety of substitutions on the starting cyclohexanones.
- Maeda, Katsumi,Matsubara, Ryosuke,Hayashi, Masahiko
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supporting information
p. 1530 - 1534
(2021/03/08)
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- Pd/β-cyclodextrin-catalyzed C-H functionalization in water: A greener approach to regioselective arylation of (NH)-indoles with aryl bromides
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A greener and more practical strategy for the site-selective C-H arylation of (NH)-indoles via coupling of (hetero)aryl bromides was developed, in which β-cyclodextrin, acting as both a ligand for Na2PdCl4 and a host for indoles, enables the reactions to occur easily in water. The key advantage of this method is the ingenious merging of aqueous homogeneous catalysis and ligand mediation, leading to the highly regioselective formation of C3-arylindoles with a broad substrate scope and functional-group tolerance. Moreover, the regioselectivity can be switched from the C3 to the C2-position by varying the nature of the base without recourse to employing ArI as substrates.
- Duan, Xin Hong,Xu, Peng
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supporting information
p. 19425 - 19431
(2021/11/09)
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- An iron(iii)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction of indoles with benzylamines to prepare 3-aminoindole derivatives
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We report a green cascade approach to prepare a variety of 3-aminoindole derivatives in good to excellent yields through an iron(iii)-catalyzed dehydrogenative cross-coupling reaction of 2-arylindoles and primary benzylamines under mild reaction conditions. Mechanistic studies show that a cascade reaction involves a tert-butyl nitrite (TBN)-mediated nitrosation of 2-substituted indoles and a 1,5-hydrogen shift to afford indolenine oximes, sequential iron(iii)-catalyzed condensation and a 1,5-hydrogen shift over four steps in a one-pot reaction. The reaction shows a broad substrate scope of indoles and benzylamines and tolerates a wide range of functional groups. Moreover, the reaction is easily performed at the gram scale without producing waste after the reaction is completed. The 3-aminoindole product is purified by simple extraction, washing, and recrystallization without flash column chromatography. A double imine ligand containing the 3-aminoindole unit is facile to obtain in a 52% yield in one step. The present method highlights readily available starting materials, a simple purification procedure, and the usage of cheap, nontoxic, and environmentally benign iron(iii) catalysts. This journal is
- Chen, Wei-Li,Li, Kun,Liang, Cui,Liang, Wang-Fu,Liao, Wei-Cong,Mo, Dong-Liang,Qiu, Pei-Wen,Su, Gui-Fa
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supporting information
p. 9610 - 9616
(2021/12/09)
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- Method for synthesizing 2-substituted indole compound from iodobenzene and oxime ester under catalysis of palladium
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The invention belongs to the technical field of organic chemistry, and discloses a method for synthesizing a 2-substituted indole compound from iodobenzene and oxime ester under the catalysis of palladium. The method comprises the following steps of reacting an oxime ester compound with iodobenzene under the action of a palladium catalyst, a phosphine ligand and norbornene by taking an organic solvent as a reaction medium in a protective atmosphere, and carrying out subsequent treatment to obtain the 2-substituted indole compound. According to the method, palladium is used as a catalyst, the phosphine ligand is adopted, the yield is high, and the substrate applicability is wide. In addition, the oxime ester compound is used as a raw material, and the method has the advantages of cheap and easily-prepared raw materials, simple operation, mild reaction conditions and the like.
- -
-
Paragraph 0041-0048
(2022/01/05)
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- Room-Temperature Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Direct 2-Arylation of Indoles with Tetraarylstannanes
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A palladium(II)-catalyzed direct 2-arylation of indoles by tetraarylstannanes with oxygen (balloon) as the oxidant at room temperature has been developed. Various tetraarylstannanes can be employed as aryl sources for 2-arylation of indoles in up to 89% yield, providing a practical and efficient catalytic protocol for accessing 2-arylindoles.
- Liu, Yuxia,Wang, Chao,Huang, Linjuan,Xue, Dong
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supporting information
p. 1613 - 1618
(2020/09/15)
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- Well-defined (NHC)Pd(N–heterocyclic carboxylate)(OAc) complexes-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of free (NH)-indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides
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A series of well-defined (NHC)Pd(N–heterocyclic carboxylate)(OAc) complexes (N–heterocyclic carboxylate = pyridine-2-carboxylate, quinoline-2-carboxylate and isoquinoline-1-carboxylate) were synthesized and fully characterized by NMR spectra, HR-MS and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The obtained complexes were then used for direct C2-arylation of free (NH)-indoles with arylsulfonyl hydrazides. With low catalyst loading, all complexes exhibited high catalytic activities for the arylation reactions.
- Yang, Jin,Zong, Ling-Li,Zhu, Xiao-Ting,Zhu, Xin-Ying,Zhao, Jian-Yi
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- Chiral Br?nsted Acid from Chiral Phosphoric Acid Boron Complex and Water: Asymmetric Reduction of Indoles
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A new chiral Br?nsted acid, generated in situ from a chiral phosphoric acid boron (CPAB) complex and water, was successfully applied to asymmetric indole reduction. This “designer acid catalyst”, which is more acidic than TsOH as suggested by DFT calculations, allows the unprecedented direct asymmetric reduction of C2-aryl-substituted N-unprotected indoles and features good to excellent enantioselectivities with broad functional group tolerance. DFT calculations and mechanistic experiments indicates that this reaction undergoes C3-protonation and hydride-transfer processes. Besides, bulky C2-alkyl-substituted N-unprotected indoles are also suitable for this system.
- Yang, Kai,Lou, Yixian,Wang, Chenglan,Qi, Liang-Wen,Fang, Tongchang,Zhang, Feng,Xu, Hetao,Zhou, Lu,Li, Wangyang,Zhang, Guan,Yu, Peiyuan,Song, Qiuling
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p. 3294 - 3299
(2020/01/21)
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- Pd-Catalyzed Reductive Cyclization of Nitroarenes with CO2 as the CO Source
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A reductive amination process that constructs indoles, carbazoles or benzimidazoles from nitroarenes – irrespective of their electronic or steric nature – was developed that uses CO2 as the source of CO. The process is robust, tolerating common gaseous components of flue gas (H2S, SO2, NO and H2O) without adversely affecting the reductive cyclization.
- Guan, Xinyu,Zhu, Haoran,Zhao, Yingwei,Driver, Tom G.
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Arylation of Imines toward Diverse Indoles
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An efficient nickel-catalyzed intramolecular direct arylation of imines with challenging aryl chlorides has been developed. The versatile nickel catalysis made use of easily accessible imines and delivered diversely decorated 2-arylindoles of considerable importance to biological and medicinal chemistry.
- Long, Han,Xu, Kunhua,Chen, Shanshan,Lin, Jin,Wu, Dan,Wu, Bo,Tian, Xu,Ackermann, Lutz
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supporting information
(2019/05/08)
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- Nickel-Catalyzed Intramolecular Direct Arylation of Imines toward Diverse Indoles
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An efficient nickel-catalyzed intramolecular direct arylation of imines with challenging aryl chlorides has been developed. The versatile nickel catalysis made use of easily accessible imines and delivered diversely decorated 2-arylindoles of considerable importance to biological and medicinal chemistry.
- Long, Han,Xu, Kunhua,Chen, Shanshan,Lin, Jin,Wu, Dan,Wu, Bo,Tian, Xu,Ackermann, Lutz
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supporting information
p. 3053 - 3056
(2019/05/10)
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- Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Arylindoles via Palladium-Catalyzed Cyclization of Phenylglyoxal and 2-Anilinoacetophenones with Anilines
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A versatile route has been developed for the synthesis of 2-arylindoles using a Pd-catalyzed tandem process. Under reductive conditions, different 2-arylindoles were synthesized from phenylglyoxal and aniline. This synthetic methodology involves a tandem reaction of four steps with high regioselectivity. Alternatively, 2-anilinoacetophenones intermediates also can be using to give access to the corresponding 2-arylindoles.
- Benitez-Medina, G. Eliad,Ortiz-Soto, Sofía,Cabrera, Armando,Amézquita-Valencia, Manuel
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p. 3763 - 3770
(2019/06/24)
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- Synthetic method of 2-substituted indoles compounds
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The invention discloses a synthetic method of 2-substituted indoles compounds, and belongs to the organic synthesis field. 2-fluorotoluene compound shown in formula 1 and nitrile compound shown in formula 2 mix with an organic solvent in the presence of strong alkali and cesium salt additives, and react to synthesize the 2-substituted indoles compounds shown in formula 3. The synthesis method of 2-substituted indoles compounds is simple, economical and has wider applicability, is suitable for large-scale production, and has a very important influence on the synthesis of indoles compounds.
- -
-
Paragraph 0010; 0035-0037; 0040; 0043; 0047
(2019/05/02)
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- Synthesis of Indoles through Domino Reactions of 2-Fluorotoluenes and Nitriles
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Indoles are essential heterocycles in medicinal chemistry, and therefore, novel and efficient approaches to their synthesis are in high demand. Among indoles, 2-aryl indoles have been described as privileged scaffolds. Advanced herein is a straightforward, practical, and transition-metal-free assembly of 2-aryl indoles. Simply combining readily available 2-fluorotoluenes, nitriles, LiN(SiMe3)2, and CsF enables the generation of a diverse array of indoles (38 examples, 48–92 % yield). A range of substituents can be introduced into each position of the indole backbone (C4 to C7, and aryl groups at C2), providing handles for further elaboration.
- Mao, Jianyou,Wang, Zhiting,Xu, Xinyu,Liu, Guoqing,Jiang, Runsheng,Guan, Haixing,Zheng, Zhipeng,Walsh, Patrick J.
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supporting information
p. 11033 - 11038
(2019/07/08)
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- A Three-Component Strategy for Benzoselenophene Synthesis under Metal-Free Conditions Using Selenium Powder
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An efficient three-component benzoselenophenes formation has been developed from substituted indoles, acetophenones, and selenium powder under metal-free conditions. 2-Aryl indoles played an important role to promote benzoselenophene formation from acetophenone derivatives and selenium powder. One C-C and two C-Se bonds were selectively formed to provide 40 new benzoselenophenes in good yields.
- Ni, Penghui,Tan, Jing,Zhao, Wenqi,Huang, Huawen,Xiao, Fuhong,Deng, Guo-Jun
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supporting information
p. 3518 - 3522
(2019/05/24)
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- A micellar catalysis strategy applied to the Pd-catalyzed C-H arylation of indoles in water
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The selective control over multiple competing C-H sites would enable straightforward access to functionalized indoles. In this context, we report here a modular and selective C-H arylation of indoles following the micellar catalysis approach using the third generation "designer" surfactant SPGS-550-M in the presence of 1 mol% of [(cinnamyl)PdCl]2 under mild conditions. Thus, access to high value C-arylated (C-3 and C-2) indoles was achieved fulfilling the "triple bottom line philosophy" of green chemistry. The nature of the phosphine ligand was found to be critical for achieving site-selectivity, DPPF and DPPP being the most effective in promoting the arylation at C3-H and C2-H, respectively. The reaction is scalable and offers high chemo- (C vs. N) and regio-selectivity (C-3 vs. C-2) with a wide range of functional group tolerance. The surfactant aqueous solution can be recycled and reused without compromising on product yields.
- Vaidya, Gargi Nikhil,Fiske, Sneha,Verma, Hansa,Lokhande, Shyam Kumar,Kumar, Dinesh
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supporting information
p. 1448 - 1454
(2019/03/26)
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- Indole-3-carbonitriles as DYRK1A inhibitors by fragment-based drug design
-
Dual-specificity tyrosine phosphorylation-regulated kinase 1A (DYRK1A) is a potential drug target because of its role in the development of Down syndrome and Alzheimer's disease. The selective DYRK1A inhibitor 10-iodo-11H-indolo[3, 2-c]quinoline-6-carboxy
- Meine, Rosanna,Becker, Walter,Falke, Hannes,Preu, Lutz,Loa?c, Nadège,Meijer, Laurent,Kunick, Conrad
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- Synthesis of 2-Aminobenzonitriles through Nitrosation Reaction and Sequential Iron(III)-Catalyzed C-C Bond Cleavage of 2-Arylindoles
-
A variety of 2-aminobenzonitriles were prepared from 2-arylindoles in good to excellent yields through tert-butylnitrite (TBN)-mediated nitrosation and sequential iron(III)-catalyzed C-C Bond cleavage in a one-pot fashion. The 2-aminobenzonitriles can be used to rapidly synthesize benzoxazinones by intramolecular condensation. The present method features an inexpensive iron(III) catalyst, gram scalable preparations, and novel C-C bond cleavage of indoles.
- Chen, Wei-Li,Wu, Si-Yi,Mo, Xue-Ling,Wei, Liu-Xu,Liang, Cui,Mo, Dong-Liang
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supporting information
p. 3527 - 3530
(2018/06/26)
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- Palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation of free (N–H) indoles via norbornene-mediated regioselective C–H activation
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A palladium-catalyzed direct C2-arylation reaction of free (N–H) indoles has been developed. This reaction relies on a norbornene-mediated C–H activation process on the indole ring, which features high regioselectivity and excellent functional group tolerance.
- Gao, Yadong,Zhu, Wangying,Yin, Long,Dong, Bo,Fu, Jingjing,Ye, Zhiwen,Xue, Fengtian,Jiang, Chao
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supporting information
p. 2213 - 2216
(2017/05/16)
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- Palladium-Catalyzed Formation of N-Heteroarenes from Nitroarenes using Molybdenum Hexacarbonyl as the Source of Carbon Monoxide
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The development of a method that employs a two-chamber reaction vessel and uses molybdenum hexacarbonyl [Mo(CO)6] as the carbon monoxide (CO) source for the palladium-catalyzed transformation of nitroarenes into indoles or imidazoles is reported.
- Zhou, Fei,Wang, Duo-Sheng,Driver, Tom G.
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p. 3463 - 3468
(2016/01/25)
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- Well-Defined Noble Metal Single Sites in Zeolites as an Alternative to Catalysis by Insoluble Metal Salts
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Insoluble precious metal chlorides in polymeric form (i.e., PtCl2, PdCl2, AuCl, RhCl3) are commonly used as catalysts for a plethora of organic reactions in solution. Here we show that only the minor soluble fraction of these precious metal chlorides (typically 5-30%) is catalytically active for the hydroamination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrosilylation, and cycloisomerization of alkynes and alkenes, and that the resting insoluble metal is catalytically useless. To circumvent this waste of precious metal and follow a rational design, we generate here well-dispersed Pt(II) and Pd(II) single sites on zeolite Y, with an exquisite control of the Lewis acidity, to catalyze different hydroaddition reactions to alkynes and alkenes with up to 104 catalytic cycles (at least 2 orders of magnitude superior to precious metal chlorides) and with high isolated yields (82-99%, >15 examples).
- Rubio-Marqués, Paula,Rivero-Crespo, Miguel A.,Leyva-Pérez, Antonio,Corma, Avelino
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p. 11832 - 11837
(2015/09/28)
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- Multi-site cyclization via initial C-H activation using a rhodium(III) catalyst: Rapid assembly of frameworks containing indoles and indolines
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Tandem multi-site cyclization triggered by Rh(III)-catalyzed C-H activation has been achieved for highly efficient synthesis of spirocycle indolin-3-one (C2-cyclization), benzo[a]carbazole (C3-cyclization) and an unusual indoxyl core (N1-cyclization). In particular, the synthesis of pseudo-indoxyl is typically completed within 10 min, and the reaction tolerates air, water and a range of solvents.
- Huang, Ji-Rong,Qin, Liu,Zhu, Yu-Qin,Song, Qiang,Dong, Lin
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supporting information
p. 2844 - 2847
(2015/03/05)
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- Synthesis of 2-Substituted Indoles through Visible Light-Induced Photocatalytic Cyclizations of Styryl Azides
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A visible light-induced photocatalytic intramolecular cyclization of styryl azides has been developed in the presence of the ruthenium complex Ru(bpy)3Cl2 (0.5 mol%) as photocatalyst at room temperature. The present photocatalytic strategy features operational simplicity as well as high functional group tolerance, and provides a facile access to various 2-substituted N-free indoles in good to excellent yields. Importantly, the present process can employ sunlight as the light source to afford the corresponding products without loss of reaction efficiency.
- Xia, Xu-Dong,Xuan, Jun,Wang, Qiang,Lu, Liang-Qiu,Chen, Jia-Rong,Xiao, Wen-Jing
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p. 2807 - 2812
(2016/02/18)
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- A highly efficient and recyclable Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle immobilized palladium catalyst for the direct C-2 arylation of indoles with arylboronic acids
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A highly efficient Fe3O4 magnetic nanoparticle (MNP) immobilized palladium catalyst was prepared and applied to the direct C-2 arylation of indoles with arylboronic acids. The reactions generated the corresponding cross-coupling products in good yields. In addition, the supported catalyst with low loading (2.0 mol%) showed high stability and could be recovered and reused 8 times without significant loss of activity. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2014.
- Zhang, Lei,Li, Pinhua,Liu, Can,Yang, Jin,Wang, Min,Wang, Lei
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p. 1979 - 1988
(2014/06/24)
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- 2-phenylindole and arylsulphonamide: Novel scaffolds bactericidal against mycobacterium tuberculosis
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A cellular activity-based screen on Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) H37Rv using a focused library from the AstraZeneca corporate collection led to the identification of 2-phenylindoles and arylsulphonamides, novel antimycobacterial scaffolds. Both the series were bactericidal in vitro and in an intracellular macrophage infection model, active against drug sensitive and drug resistant Mtb clinical isolates, and specific to mycobacteria. The scaffolds showed promising structure-activity relationships; compounds with submicromolar cellular potency were identified during the hit to lead exploration. Furthermore, compounds from both scaffolds were tested for inhibition of known target enzymes or pathways of antimycobacterial drugs including InhA, RNA polymerase, DprE1, topoisomerases, protein synthesis, and oxidative-phosphorylation. Compounds did not inhibit any of the targets suggesting the potential of a possible novel mode of action(s). Hence, both scaffolds provide the opportunity to be developed further as leads and tool compounds to uncover novel mechanisms for tuberculosis drug discovery.
- Naik, Maruti,Ghorpade, Sandeep,Jena, Lalit Kumar,Gorai, Gopinath,Narayan, Ashwini,Guptha, Supreeth,Sharma, Sreevalli,Dinesh, Neela,Kaur, Parvinder,Nandishaiah, Radha,Bhat, Jyothi,Balakrishnan, Gayathri,Humnabadkar, Vaishali,Ramachandran, Vasanthi,Naviri, Lava Kumar,Khadtare, Pallavi,Panda, Manoranjan,Iyer, Pravin S.,Chatterji, Monalisa
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p. 1005 - 1009
(2014/12/10)
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- Microwave-accelerated Pd-catalyzed desulfitative direct C2-arylation of free (NH)-indoles with arylsulfinic acids
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The rapid and efficient direct C2-arylation of free (NH)-indoles with arylsulfinic acids proceeded through a microwave-accelerated palladium-catalyzed desulfitation reaction. By using PdCl2 as a catalyst, silver acetate as an oxidant, and H2SO4 as an additive, arylsulfinic acids with both electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups underwent desulfitative coupling with an array of free (NH)-indoles, thereby selectively providing C2-arylindoles in good yields. From C2 shining sea: The direct C2-arylation of free (NH)-indoles with arylsulfinic acids proceeded through a Pd-catalyzed desulfitation reaction. In the presence of an oxidant and an additive, 2-arylindoles were selectively afforded in good yields. Copyright
- Miao, Tao,Li, Pinhua,Wang, Guan-Wu,Wang, Lei
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p. 3185 - 3190
(2014/01/06)
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- Oxidation of 2-arylindoles for synthesis of 2-arylbenzoxazinones with oxone as the sole oxidant
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A novel and efficient method for the oxidation of 2-arylindoles to synthesize 2-arylbenzoxazinones utilizing oxone as the sole oxidant has been developed. The reaction tolerates a wide range of functional groups and allows quick and atom-economical assembly of a variety of valuable 2-arylbenzoxazinones in high yields.
- Lian, Xiao-Li,Lei, Hao,Quan, Xue-Jing,Ren, Zhi-Hui,Wang, Yao-Yu,Guan, Zheng-Hui
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supporting information
p. 8196 - 8198
(2013/09/12)
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- The sequential reactions of tetrazoles with bromoalkynes for the synthesis of (Z)-N-(2-bromo-1-vinyl)-N-arylcyanamides and 2-arylindoles
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2-Arylindoles were prepared by a sequential reaction of Ag-catalyzed α-addition-Pd-catalyzed C-H bond functionalization of tetrazoles with bromoalkynes. A stereocontrolled Ag-catalyzed α-addition reaction of tetrazoles with bromoalkynes underwent smoothly to generate (Z)-N-(2-bromo-1- vinyl)-N-arylcyanamides, which were subsequently converted into 2-arylindoles through an intramolecular cyclization by Pd-catalyzed direct C-H bond functionalizations.
- Zhang, Jiajun,Meng, Ling-Guo,Li, Pinhua,Wang, Lei
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p. 6807 - 6812
(2013/05/23)
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- Palladium-catalyzed cascade process consisting of isocyanide insertion and benzylic C(sp3)-H activation: Concise synthesis of indole derivatives
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Synthesis of the indole skeleton was achieved using a Pd-catalyzed cascade process consisting of isocyanide insertion and benzylic C(sp3)-H activation. It was found that slow addition of isocyanide is effective for reducing the amount of catalyst needed and Ad2PnBu is a good ligand for C(sp3)-H activation. The construction of the tetracyclic carbazole skeleton was also achieved by a Pd-catalyzed domino reaction incorporating alkyne insertion.
- Nanjo, Takeshi,Tsukano, Chihiro,Takemoto, Yoshiji
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4270 - 4273
(2012/10/08)
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- Exploiting the chemistry of strained rings: Synthesis of indoles via domino reaction of aryl iodides with 2 H-azirines
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(Equation Presented). The highly strained 2H-azirine ring system has been the source of considerable theoretical and synthetic work. The reaction of these strained heterocycles with transition metals has been documented to give rise to ring opening and subsequent formation of varied heterocycles. An interesting domino reaction is described wherein the strained bicyclic alkene, norbornene, mediates the reaction of 2H-azirines with aryl iodides under palladium catalysis to provide indole or polycyclic dihydroimidazole heterocycles.
- Candito, David A.,Lautens, Mark
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 3312 - 3315
(2010/10/19)
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- Anxiolytic-like effects of N,N-dialkyl-2-phenylindol-3-ylglyoxylamides by modulation of translocator protein promoting neurosteroid biosynthesis
-
Novel N,N-disubstituted indol-3-ylglyoxylamides (1-56), bearing different combinations of substituents R1-R5, were synthesized and evaluated as ligands of the translocator protein (TSPO), the 18 kDa protein representing the minimal f
- Da Settimo, Federico,Simorini, Francesca,Taliani, Sabrina,La Motta, Concettina,Marini, Anna Maria,Salerno, Silvia,Bellandi, Marusca,Novellino, Ettore,Greco, Giovanni,Cosimelli, Barbara,Da Pozzo, Eleonora,Costa, Barbara,Simola, Nicola,Morelli, Micaela,Martini, Claudia
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 5798 - 5806
(2009/08/07)
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- A highly selective tandem cross-coupling of gem-dihaloolefins for a modular, efficient synthesis of highly functionalized indoles
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(Chemical Equation Presented) A highly efficient method of indole synthesis using gem-dihalovinylaniline substrates and an organoboron reagent was developed via a Pd-catalyzed tandem intramolecular amination and an intermolecular Suzuki coupling. Aryl, alkenyl, and alkyl boron reagents are all successfully employed, making for a versatile modular approach. The reaction tolerates a variety of substitution patterns on the aniline leading to indoles with group at C2-C7. The orthogonal approach of the sequential copper- and palladium-mediated synthesis of 1,2-diarylindoles exploited the wide availability of diverse organoboron reagents.
- Fang, Yuan-Qing,Lautens, Mark
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p. 538 - 549
(2008/09/17)
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- Antibacterial activity of a novel series of 3-bromo-4-(1H-3-indolyl)-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledione derivatives - An extended structure-activity relationship study
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Compounds containing 3-bromo-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledione and indole substructures were found to have antibacterial activity against resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and some other Gram positive bacteria. The investigated compounds exhibit mi
- Mahboobi, Siavosh,Eichhorn, Emerich,Winkler, Matthias,Sellmer, Andreas,Moellmann, Ute
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p. 633 - 656
(2008/09/19)
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- Microwave-assisted, solvent-free Bischler indole synthesis
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The solid-state reaction between anilines and phenacyl bromides in the presence of an equimolecular amount of sodium bicarbonate gives N-phenacylanilines. Microwave irradiation of mixtures of these compounds with anilinium bromides at 540 W for 45-60 s provides a mild, general, and environmentally friendly method for the synthesis of 2-arylindoles in 50-56% overall yields. A one-pot variation of the method, involving irradiation of 2:1 mixtures of anilines and phenacyl bromides, was also developed, allowing a simplified experimental procedure and leading to improved yields (52-75%). Georg Thieme Verlag Stuttgart.
- Sridharan, Vellaisamy,Perumal, Subbu,Avenda?o, Carmen,Menéndez, J. Carlos
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- 2-SUBSTITUTED INDOLES, THEIR PRECURSORS AND NOVEL PROCESSES FOR THE PREPARATION THEREOF
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Disclosed are processes for the preparation of 2-substituted indole compounds wherein the 2-substituent comprises an R4 group, wherein R4 is selected from the group consisting of monocyclic aromatic, polycyclic aromatic, monocyclic heteroaromatic, polycyclic heteroaromatic, 1° alkyl, and alkenyl, all of which are optionally substituted at one or more substitutable positions with one or more suitable substituents, and wherein R4 is bonded to the 2-position of the indole ring via a C-C bond; the process comprising reacting an ortho-gem-dihalovinylaniline compound of the formula (I): wherein Halo comprises Br, Cl, or I; each of the one or more R1 is independently selected from the group consisting of H, fluoro, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, lower haloalkyl, lower alkenyl, -C(O)O-lower alkyl, monocyclic or polycyclic aryl or heteroaryl moiety, or R1 is an alkenyl group bonded so to as to form a 4- to 20-membered fused monocycle or polycyclic ring with the indole ring; all of which are optionally substituted with one or more suitable substituents at one or more substitutable positions; R2 comprises H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, heteroaryl, aryl-loweralkyl-, or heteroaryl-loweralkyl-, all of which are optionally substituted at one or more substitutable positions with one or more suitable substituents; R3 comprises H, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aryl, heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, heterocycle, aryl-(C1-6)alkyl-, or heteroaryl-loweralkyl-, all of which are optionally substituted at one or more substitutable positions with one or more suitable substituents; with an organoboron reagent selected from the group consisting of a boronic ester of R4, a boronic acid of R4, a boronic acid anhydride of R4, a trialkylborane of R4 and a 9-BBN derivative of R4; in the presence of a base, a palladium metal pre-catalyst and a ligand under reaction conditions effective to form the 2-substituted indole compound. Also disclosed are processes for the preparation of ortho-gem-dihalovinylaniline compounds. Novel compounds prepared by the processes and novel uses of the compounds are likewise disclosed.
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Page/Page column 68; 114
(2010/11/08)
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- Synthesis of benz[5,6]azepino[4,3-b]indoles by 1,7-electrocyclisation of azomethine ylides
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A new, general route to the benz[5,6]azepino[4,3-b]indole ring system has been developed via the 1,7-dipolar electrocyclisation reactions of azomethine ylides. A new, general route to the benz[5,6]azepino[4,3-b]indole ring system has been developed via the 1,7-dipolar electrocyclisation reactions of azomethine ylides derived from easily available 3-formyl indole derivatives. The intermediacy of azomethine ylides was shown by the trapping of the proposed α,β:γ,δ-conjugated dipole with N-phenylmaleimide.
- Nyerges, Miklós,Pintér, áron,Virányi, Andrea,Bitter, István,Toke, László
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p. 377 - 380
(2007/10/03)
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- Reactivity of Nitro- and Nitroso-arenes with Vinyl Grignard Reagents: Synthesis of 2-(Trimethylsilyl)indoles
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The reaction of nitrosoarenes and 1-(trimethylsilyl)vinylmagnesium bromide in dibutyl ether represents a useful tool for the synthesis of 2-(trimethylsilyl)indoles by cyclisation of benzene derivatives.The use of more common ethers as the solvent leads to large amounts of azo and azoxy derivatives.Conversely, the reaction of nitroarenes and 1-(trimethylsilyl)vinylmagnesium bromide gives conjugate addition products.The reasons for this behaviour are discussed.
- Bartoli, Giuseppe,Bosco, Marcella,Dalpozzo, Renato,Palmieri, Gianni,Marcantoni, Enrico
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p. 2757 - 2762
(2007/10/02)
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