- Remote Amino Acid Recognition Enables Effective Hydrogen Peroxide Activation at a Manganese Oxidation Catalyst
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Precise delivery of a proton plays a key role in O2 activation at iron oxygenases, enabling the crucial O?O cleavage step that generates the oxidizing high-valent metal–oxo species. Such a proton is delivered by acidic residues that may either
- Costas, Miquel,Olivo, Giorgio,Vicens, Laia
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of novel o-aminobenzamide derivatives as potential anti-gastric cancer agents in vitro and in vivo
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Although gastric cancer has become a major public health problem, oral agents applied in clinics for gastric cancer therapy are scarce. Therefore, to explore new oral chemical entities with high efficiency and low toxicity, 41 o-aminobenzamide derivatives based on the scaffolds of MS-275 and SAHA were designed, synthesized, and evaluated for their anti-gastric cancer abilities in vitro and in vivo. Structure-activity relationships were discussed, leading to the identification of compounds F8 (IC50 = 0.28 μM against HGC-27 cell) and T9 (IC50 = 1.84 μM against HGC-27 cell) with improved cytotoxicity, anti-gastric cancer proliferation potency, induction of cell apoptosis and cell cycle arrest ability, inhibition of cell migration and invasion. What is worth mentioning is that compound F8 was more efficient and less toxic than the positive drug capecitabine in vivo on the HGC-27-xenograft model. Meanwhile, compound F8 exhibited suitable pharmacokinetic properties and less acute toxicity (LD50 > 1000 mg/kg). Besides, western blotting analysis, IHC analysis, differentially expressed proteins analysis and ABPP experiment indicated that compound F8 could modulate molecular pathways involved in apoptosis and cell cycle progression. Consequently, compound F8 is a strong candidate for the development of human gastric cancer therapy.
- Deng, Xuemei,Feng, Hanzhong,Feng, Yiyue,He, Yongxing,Jiang, Weifan,Li, Junfang,Li, Zhao,Liu, Dan,Lu, Yingmei,Shi, Tao,Wang, Zhen,Zhang, Honghua,Zhang, Jian
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- Vorinostat skeleton-based anthranilamide compound as well as preparation and application thereof
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The invention provides a vorinostat skeleton-based anthranilamide compound as well as preparation and application of the anthranilamide compound. The structural formula of the o-aminobenzamide compound based on a vorinostat skeleton is shown in the specification, wherein n is equal to 1-6, and R is methylamino, dimethylamino, hydroxyl, NH2 or the like. The anthranilamide compound based on the vorinostat skeleton has the effect of inhibiting gastric cancer cell proliferation through MTT method determination, and can be used for preparing anti-gastric cancer drugs.
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Paragraph 0018; 0022
(2021/08/06)
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- SMALL MOLECULE INHIBITORS OF AUTOPHAGY AND HISTONE DEACTYLASES AND USES THEREOF
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This invention is in the field of medicinal chemistry. In particular, the invention relates to a new class of small-molecules having a quinoline or thioxanthenone (or similar) structure which function as autophagy inhibitors and/or histone deactylase inhibitors, and their use as therapeutics for the treatment of conditions characterized with aberrant autophagy activity and/or aberrant HDAC activity (e.g., cancer, pulmonary hypertension, diabetes, neurodegenerative disorders, aging, heart disease, rheumatoid arthritis, infectious diseases, conditions and symptoms caused by a viral infection (e.g., COVID-19)).
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Page/Page column 44-45
(2021/05/07)
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- Selective Pseudo-irreversible Butyrylcholinesterase Inhibitors Transferring Antioxidant Moieties to the Enzyme Show Pronounced Neuroprotective Efficacy in Vitro and in Vivo in an Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model
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A series of multitarget-directed ligands (MTDLs) was designed by functionalizing a pseudo-irreversible butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitor. The obtained hybrids were investigated in vitro regarding their hBChE and hAChE inhibition, their enzyme kinetics, and their antioxidant physicochemical properties (DPPH, ORAC, metal chelating). In addition, in vitro assays were applied to investigate antioxidant effects using murine hippocampal HT22 cells and immunomodulatory effects on the murine microglial N9 cell line. The MTDLs retained their antioxidative properties compared to the parent antioxidant-moieties in vitro and the inhibition of hBChE was maintained in the submicromolar range. Representative compounds were tested in a pharmacological Alzheimer's disease (AD) mouse model and demonstrated very high efficacy at doses as low as 0.1 mg/kg. The most promising compound was also tested in BChE-/- mice and showed reduced efficacy. In vivo neuroprotection by BChE inhibition can be effectively enhanced by incorporation of structurally diverse antioxidant moieties.
- Scheiner, Matthias,Hoffmann, Matthias,He, Feng,Poeta, Eleonora,Chatonnet, Arnaud,Monti, Barbara,Maurice, Tangui,Decker, Michael
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p. 9302 - 9320
(2021/07/19)
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- Ni-Catalyzed Carboxylation of Unactivated Alkyl Chlorides with CO2
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A catalytic carboxylation of unactivated primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl chlorides with CO2 at atmospheric pressure is described. This protocol represents the first intermolecular cross-electrophile coupling of unactivated alkyl chlorides, thus leading to new knowledge in the cross-coupling arena.
- B?rjesson, Marino,Moragas, Toni,Martin, Ruben
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p. 7504 - 7507
(2016/07/06)
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- Forward and reverse (Retro) Iron(III) or gallium(III) desferrioxamine e and ring-expanded analogues prepared using metal-templated synthesis from endo -hydroxamic acid monomers
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A metal-templated synthesis (MTS) approach was used to preorganize the forward endo-hydroxamic acid monomer 4-[(5-aminopentyl)(hydroxy)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid (for-PBH) about iron(III) in a 1:3 metal/ligand ratio to furnish the iron(III) siderophore for-[Fe(DFOE)] (ferrioxamine E) following peptide coupling. Substitution of for-PBH with the reverse (retro) hydroxamic acid analogue 3-(6-amino-N-hydroxyhexanamido)propanoic acid (ret-PBH) furnished ret-[Fe(DFOE)] (ret-ferrioxamine E). As isomers, for-[Fe(DFOE)] and ret-[Fe(DFOE)] gave identical mass spectrometry signals ([M + H+]+, m/zcalc 654.3, m/zobs 654.3), yet for-[Fe(DFOE)] eluted in a more polar window (tR = 23.44 min) than ret-[Fe(DFOE)] (tR = 28.13 min) on a C18 reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) column. for-[Ga(DFOE)] (tR = 22.99 min) and ret-[Ga(DFOE)] (tR = 28.11 min) were prepared using gallium(III) as the metal-ion template and showed the same trend for the retention time. Ring-expanded analogues of for-[Fe(DFOE)] and ret-[Fe(DFOE)] were prepared from endo-hydroxamic acid monomers with one additional methylene unit in the amine-containing region, 4-[(6-aminohexyl)(hydroxy)amino]-4-oxobutanoic acid (for-HBH) or 3-(7-amino-N-hydroxyheptanamido)propanoic acid (ret-HBH), to give the corresponding tris(homoferrioxamine E) macrocycles, for-[Fe(HHDFOE)] or ret-[Fe(HHDFOE)] ([M + H+]+, m/zcalc 696.3, m/zobs 696.4). The MTS reaction using a constitutional isomer of for-HBH that transposed the methylene unit to the carboxylic acid containing region, 5-[(5-aminopentyl)(hydroxy)amino]-5-oxopentanoic acid (for-PPH), gave the macrocycle for-[Fe(HPDFOE)] in a yield significantly less than that for for-[Fe(HHDFOE)], with the gallium(III) analogue for-[Ga(HPDFOE)] unable to be detected. The work demonstrates the utility and limits of MTS for the assembly of macrocyclic siderophores from endo-hydroxamic acid monomers. Indirect measures (RP-HPLC order of elution, c log P values, molecular mechanics, and density functional theory calculations) of the relative water solubility of the ligands, the iron(III) macrocycles, and the apomacrocycles were consistent in identifying for-DFOE as the most water-soluble macrocycle from for-DFOE, ret-DFOE, for-HHDFOE, ret-HHDFOE, and for-HPDFOE. From this group, only for-DFOE is known in nature, which could suggest that water solubility is an important trait in its natural selection.
- Lifa, Tulip,Tieu, William,Hocking, Rosalie K.,Codd, Rachel
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p. 3573 - 3583
(2015/04/14)
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- Chemoselective reductive nucleophilic addition to tertiary amides, secondary amides, and N-methoxyamides
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As the complexity of targeted molecules increases in modern organic synthesis, chemoselectivity is recognized as an important factor in the development of new methodologies. Chemoselective nucleophilic addition to amide car-bonyl centers is a challenge because classical methods require harsh reaction conditions to overcome the poor elec-trophilicity of the amide carbonyl group. We have successfully developed a reductive nucleophilic addition of mild nu-cleophiles to tertiary amides, secondary amides, and N-methoxyamides that uses the Schwartz reagent [Cp2ZrHCl]. The reaction took place in a highly chemoselective fashion in the presence of a variety of sensitive functional groups, such as methyl esters, which conventionally require protection prior to nucleophilic addition. The reaction will be applicable to the concise synthesis of complex natural alkaloids from readily available amide groups.
- Nakajima, Minami,Oda, Yukiko,Wada, Takamasa,Minamikawa, Ryo,Shirokane, Kenji,Sato, Takaaki,Chida, Noritaka
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p. 17565 - 17571
(2015/02/19)
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- Total synthesis of (±)-gephyrotoxin by amide-selective reductive nucleophilic addition
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A chemoselective approach for the total synthesis of (±)- gephyrotoxin has been developed. The key to success was the utilization of N-methoxyamides, which enabled the direct coupling of the amide with an aldehyde and selective reductive nucleophilic addition to the amide in the presence of a variety of sensitive and electrophilic functional groups, such as a methyl ester. This chemoselective approach minimized the use of protecting-group manipulations and redox reactions, which resulted in the most concise and efficient total synthesis of (±)-gephyrotoxin described to date. Aim for selectivity: A chemoselective approach that utilizes N-methoxyamides has been developed for the total synthesis of (±)-gephyrotoxin. The N-methoxy group enabled the direct coupling of the amide with an aldehyde and amide-selective reductive allylation in the presence of a more electrophilic methyl ester, which resulted in the most concise and efficient total synthesis of (±)-gephyrotoxin described to date.
- Shirokane, Kenji,Wada, Takamasa,Yoritate, Makoto,Minamikawa, Ryo,Takayama, Nobuaki,Sato, Takaaki,Chida, Noritaka
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supporting information
p. 512 - 516
(2014/01/23)
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- Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of fluorescent and biotinylated antagonists of ρ1 GABAC receptors
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The ρ1 GABAC receptor is a ligand-gated chloride ion channel that shows promise as a therapeutic target for myopia, sleep disorders, memory and learning facilitation, and anxiety-related disorders. As such, there is a need for molecular probes to understand the role GABA C receptors play in physiological and pathological processes. To date, no labeled (either radioactive or fluorescent) GABAC selective ligand has been developed that can act as a marker for GABAC receptor visualization and localization studies. Herein, we report a series of fluorescent ligands containing different-sized linkers and fluorophores based around (S)-4-ACPBPA [(4-aminocyclopenten-1-yl)-butylphosphinic acid], a selective GABAC antagonist. One of these conjugates, (S)-4-ACPBPA-C5-BODIPY (13), displayed moderate potency (IC50 = 58.61 μM) and selectivity (>100 times) for ρ1 over α1β2γ2L GABAA receptors. These conjugates are novel lead agents for the development of more potent and selective fluorescent probes for studying the localization and function of GABAC receptors in living cells.
- Gavande, Navnath,Kim, Hye-Lim,Doddareddy, Munikumar R.,Johnston, Graham A. R.,Chebib, Mary,Hanrahan, Jane R.
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supporting information
p. 402 - 407
(2013/06/05)
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- SELECTIVE HDAC INHIBITORS
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This disclosure is related to compounds having the structure (I) wherein Ar1, Ar2, R1 - R6, Z, m, n, o, and p are defined herein. This disclosure also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising the above compounds and methods for their use.
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Page/Page column 100-101
(2011/12/04)
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- Incorporation of fluorescent-labeled non-α-amino carboxylic acids into the N-terminus of proteins in response to amber initiation codon
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Incorporation of non-natural amino acid derivatives containing fluorescent groups into proteins is a useful method for protein analyses. Here, we investigated the incorporation of fluorescent-labeled non-α-amino carboxylic acids into the N-terminus of proteins in response to the UAG initiation codon. A series of TAMRA-labeled amino carboxylic acids were synthesized and attached to an amber suppressor initiator tRNA derived from Escherichia coli initiator tRNA. Fluorescent-labeled amino carboxylic acids were successfully incorporated into the N-terminus of streptavidin by adding TAMRA-acylated initiator tRNAs to an E. coli cell-free translation system, although the incorporation efficiency differed depending on the amino carboxylic acid chain length. Based on this observation, 3-aminopropionic acid derivatives labeled with BODIPY, rhodamine, and cyanine fluorophores were designed and synthesized. The fluorescent-labeled 3-aminopropionic acid derivatives developed using BODIPY and rhodamine dyes could be incorporated with good efficiency. On the other hand, 6-aminohexanoic acid was effectively incorporated when labeled with cyanine dyes. The present study demonstrates that translation initiation can accept a wide variety of non-natural substrates and provides a useful method for N-terminal-specific labeling of proteins with various fluorophores.
- Miura, Masanori,Muranaka, Norihito,Abe, Ryoji,Hohsaka, Takahiro
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experimental part
p. 546 - 553
(2010/08/21)
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- Comparison of N-terminal modifications on neurotensin(8-13) analogues correlates peptidestability but not binding affinity with in vivo efficacy
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Neurotensin(8-13) and two related analogues were used as model systems to directly compare various N-terminal peptide modifications representing both commonly used and novel capping groups. Each N-terminal modification prevented aminopeptidase cleavage but surprisingly differed in its ability to inhibit cleavage at other sites, a phenomenon attributed to long-range conformational effects. None of the capping groups were inherently detrimental to human neurotensin receptor 1 (hNTR1) binding affinity or receptor agonism. Although the most stable peptides exhibited the lowest binding affinities and were the least potent receptor agonists, they produced the largest in vivo effects. Of the parameters studied only stability significantly correlated with in vivo efficacy, demonstrating that a reduction in binding affinity at NTR1 can be countered by increased in vivo stability.
- Orwig, Kevin S.,Lassetter, McKensie R.,Hadden, M. Kyle,Dix, Thomas A.
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 1803 - 1813
(2009/12/30)
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- Design, synthesis, and pharmacological evaluation of thapsigargin analogues for targeting apoptosis to prostatic cancer cells
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A series of thapsigargin (TG) analogues, containing an amino acid applicable for conjugation to a peptide specifically cleaved by prostate-specific antigen (PSA), has been prepared to develop the drug-moiety of prodrugs for treatment of prostatic cancer. The analogues were synthesized by converting TG into O-8-debutanoylthapsigargin (DBTG) and esterifying O-8 of DBTG with various amino acid linkers. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to elevate the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) in TSU-Pr1 cells, their ability to inhibit the rabbit skeletal muscle SERCA pump, and their ability to induce apoptosis in TSU-Pr1 human prostatic cancer cells. The activity of analogues, in which DBTG were esterified with ω-amino acids [HOOC(CH2)nNH2, n = 5-7, 10, 11], increased with the linker length. Analogues with 3-[4-(L-leucinoylamino)phenyl]propanoyl, 6-(L-leucinoylamino)hexanoyl, and 12-(L -serinoylamino)dodecanoyl were considerably less active than TG, and analogues with 12-(L-alaninoylamino)dodecanoyl and 12-(L-phenylalaninoylamino)dodecanoyl were almost as active as TG. The 12-(L-leucinoylamino)dodecanoyl gave an analogue equipotent with TG, making this compound promising as the drug-moiety of a PSA sensitive prodrug of TG.
- Jakobsen,Denmeade,Isaacs,Gady,Olsen,Christensen
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p. 4696 - 4703
(2007/10/03)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of non-natural homologues of lysine
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A series of non-natural amino acid homologues of L- and D-lysine have been synthesized and protected for use in solid-phase peptide synthesis. With these residues, electrostatics and hydrophobicity of peptides can be enhanced or altered.
- Kennedy, Kevin J.,Lundquist IV, Joseph T.,Simandan, Tiberiu L.,Beeson, Craig C.,Dix, Thomas A.
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p. 1937 - 1940
(2007/10/03)
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- Cyclic undecapeptides related to somatostatin and intermediates therefor
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Cyclic undecapeptides of the general formula STR1 WHEREIN N IS AN INTEGER OF FROM 3 TO 8 AND T may be either L-Trp or D-Trp are disclosed. These compounds inhibit the release of pituitary growth hormome, glucagon, and insulin.
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