- NITRATION
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The present invention relates to a process for preparing a nitrated compound, comprising the step of reacting a compound (A) comprising at least one substituted or unsubstituted aromatic or heteroaromatic ring, wherein said heteroaromatic ring comprises at least one heteroatom selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, phosphor, selenium and nitrogen, with a compound of formula (I) wherein Y is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and nitro.
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Page/Page column 36; 41; 46; 64; 37; 43; 48; 68
(2020/05/28)
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- Tert-amino effect-promoted rearrangement of aryl isothiocyanate: A versatile approach to benzimidazothiazepines and benzimidazothioethers
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A general and practical approach to benzimidazothiazepine and benzimidazothioether derivatives via an intramolecular nucleophilic addition/ring expansion rearrangement of aryl isothiocyanates promoted by the tert-amino effect has been developed. This reaction is catalyzed by low-cost camphorsulfonic acid and tolerates a broad substrate scope with complete atom economy. Structurally intriguing benzimidazothiazepine and benzimidazothioether products could be easily obtained by a simple operation in good to excellent yield (up to 98%).
- Geng, Xinyu,Liu, Siyuan,Qu, Jingping,Wang, Baomin,Wang, Wenyao
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p. 12635 - 12643
(2020/11/09)
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- Amination of Aromatic Halides and Exploration of the Reactivity Sequence of Aromatic Halides
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A base-promoted amination of aromatic halides has been developed using a limited amount of dimethylformamide (DMF) or amine as an amino source. Various aryl halides, including F, Cl, Br, and I, have been successfully aminated in good to excellent yields. Although the amination of aromatic halides with amines or DMF is usually considered as an aromatic nucleophilic substitution (SNAr) process, and the reactivity of an aromatic halide is F > Cl > Br > I, the reactivity of aromatic halides in this system was found to be I > Br a‰ F > Cl. This protocol also showed a good regioselectivity for multihalogenated aromatics. This protocol is valuable for industrial application due to the simplicity of operation, the unrestricted availability of amino sources and aromatic halides, transition metal-free conditions, no requirement for solvent, and scalability.
- Yang, Chu,Zhang, Feng,Deng, Guo-Jun,Gong, Hang
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p. 181 - 190
(2019/01/10)
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- Mechanical force under the action of the nitration of aromatic compounds of nitrate method (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a mechanical force under the action of the nitration of aromatic compounds of nitrate method. The invention provides a method for preparing aromatic nitro compounds, comprising the following steps: under the action of mechanical force, aromatic compound with a metal nitrate or its hydrate by the nitration reaction, to obtain the aromatic nitro compound; the mechanical fastener is machinery offers can cause material physical and/or chemical nature of the change of the external force. The mechanical force can be compression, shear, impact, friction, tensile, bending and vibration of any kind. The invention has the following advantages: without the use of any solvent, thereby avoiding the waste liquid produced; and without the use of the acidic substance, the reaction is complete after treatment is simple, without any damage to the apparatus; a very high conversion and selectivity, can be applied to the nitration of conventional aromatic compound. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0062; 0063
(2018/09/11)
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- Zinc Chloride Complexes with Aliphatic and Aromatic Guanidine Hybrid Ligands and Their Activity in the Ring-Opening Polymerisation of d,l-Lactide
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The synthesis of the new hybrid guanidine ligands DMEGdmap, DMEGdeae, TMGdmab, DMEGdmab, TMGdeab and DMEGdeab is reported. These ligands were combined with zinc chloride, and the six obtained new complexes were structurally characterised by X-ray crystall
- Metz, Angela,Plothe, Ramona,Glowacki, Britta,Koszalkowski, Andreas,Scheckenbach, Michael,Beringer, Andreas,R?sener, Thomas,Michaelis de Vasconcellos, Janna,Haase, Roxana,Fl?rke, Ulrich,Hoffmann, Alexander,Herres-Pawlis, Sonja
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p. 4974 - 4987
(2016/11/09)
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- Two-photon "caging" groups: Effect of position isomery on the photorelease properties of aminoquinoline-derived photolabile protecting groups
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High two-photon photolysis cross sections and water solubility of probes are important to avoid toxicity in biomedical applications of photolysis. Systematic variation of the position of a carboxyl electron-withdrawing group (EWG) on photolysis of 8-dimet
- Tran, Christine,Gallavardin, Thibault,Petit, Morgane,Slimi, Riadh,Dhimane, Hamid,Blanchard-Desce, Mireille,Acher, Francine C.,Ogden, David,Dalko, Peter I.
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supporting information
p. 402 - 405
(2015/03/04)
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- Synthesis of benzimidazoles via iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
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Iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and arylamines has been developed. A number of benzimidazoles were prepared in good yields. An iridium-mediated C-H activation mechanism is suggested. This finding represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Sun, Xiang,Lv, Xiao-Hui,Ye, Lin-Miao,Hu, Yu,Chen, Yan-Yan,Zhang, Xue-Jing,Yan, Ming
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supporting information
p. 7381 - 7383
(2015/07/15)
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- Synthesis of benzimidazoles via iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling
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Iridium-catalyzed acceptorless dehydrogenative coupling of tertiary amines and arylamines has been developed. A number of benzimidazoles were prepared in good yields. An iridium-mediated C-H activation mechanism is suggested. This finding represents a novel strategy for the synthesis of benzimidazoles.
- Sun, Xiang,Lv, Xiao-Hui,Ye, Lin-Miao,Hu, Yu,Chen, Yan-Yan,Zhang, Xue-Jing,Yan, Ming
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supporting information
p. 7381 - 7383
(2015/11/27)
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- A unified strategy towards N-aryl heterocycles by a one-pot copper-catalyzed oxidative C-H amination of azoles
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An efficient one-pot synthesis of N-aryl-substituted heterocycles by a Cu-catalyzed two-fold C-N bond formation is reported. This strategy involves a CuI-catalyzed C-N bond-forming reaction between azoles and electron-deficient bromopyridines followed by an intramolecular sp2 C-H amination. One of the products thus formed has been successfully used as a ligand for the synthesis of a Pd complex. An efficient one-pot synthesis of N-aryl heterocycles by a Cu-catalysed double C-N bond formation is reported. This strategy involves a CuI-catalysed C-N bond-forming reaction between azoles and electron-deficient bromopyridines followed by an intramolecular sp2 C-H amination.
- Subramanian, Parthasarathi,Kaliappan, Krishna P.
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supporting information
p. 5986 - 5997
(2015/03/30)
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- Metal-free protodeboronation of electron-rich arene boronic acids and its application to ortho -functionalization of electron-rich arenes using a boronic acid as a blocking group
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The metal-free thermal protodeboronation of various electron-rich arene boronic acids was studied. Several reaction parameters controlling this protodeboronation, such as solvent, temperature, and a proton source, have been investigated. On the basis of these studies, suitable reaction conditions for protodeboronation of several types of electron-rich arene boronic acids were provided. On the basis of this protodeboronation, a new protocol for the synthesis of ortho-functionalized electron-rich arenes from these boronic acids was developed using the boronic acid moiety as a blocking group in the electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, followed by the removal of the boronic acid moiety via thermal protodeboronation. Mechanistic studies suggested that this protodeboronation might proceed via the complex formation of a boronic acid with a proton source, followed by the carbon-boron bond fission through σ-bond metathesis, to afford the corresponding arene compound and boric acid.
- Ahn, Su-Jin,Lee, Chun-Young,Kim, Nak-Kyoon,Cheon, Cheol-Hong
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p. 7277 - 7285
(2014/11/27)
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- Aromatic nitration under neutral conditions using N-bromosuccinimide/ silver(I) nitrate
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The use of N-bromosuccinimide and silver nitrate as a convenient reagent system for the nitration of aromatic compounds under neutral and environmentally safer reaction conditions is described.
- Nowrouzi, Najmeh,Mehranpour, Abdol Mohammad,Bashiri, Elham,Shayan, Zohre
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experimental part
p. 4841 - 4842
(2012/09/22)
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- Substitution effect on the one- and two-photon sensitivity of DMAQ "caging" groups
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The systematic SAR study of a "caging" group showed a strong influence of the position of the donor dimethylamino group on the efficiency of photolysis of the DMAQ (2-hydroxymethylene-(N,N-dimethylamino)quinoline) caged acetate under one-photon near-UV or two-photon near-IR excitation. Photorelease of l-glutamate by the most efficient 8-DMAQ derivative strongly and efficiently activated glutamate receptors, generating large, fast rising responses similar to those elicited by glutamate photoreleased from the widely used MNI-caged glutamate.
- Petit, Morgane,Tran, Christine,Roger, Thomas,Gallavardin, Thibault,Dhimane, Hamid,Palma-Cerda, Francisco,Blanchard-Desce, Mireille,Acher, Francine C.,Ogden, David,Dalko, Peter I.
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supporting information
p. 6366 - 6369
(2013/02/23)
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- Nitration of aromatic compounds under neutral conditions using the Ph 2PCl/I2/AgNO3 reagent system
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Aromatic compounds were nitrated efficiently under essentially neutral conditions by employing Ph2PCl in the presence of I2 and AgNO3. This method minimizes waste products compared to traditional methods and gives the corresponding mononitro derivatives in good to excellent yields in dichloromethane at room temperature.
- Nowrouzi, Najmeh,Zareh Jonaghani, Mohammad
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experimental part
p. 5081 - 5082
(2011/10/09)
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- Ethylammonium nitrate (EAN)/Tf2O and EAN/TFAA: Ionic liquid based systems for aromatic nitration
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Acting as in situ sources of triflyl nitrate (TfONO2) and trifluoroacetyl nitrate (CF3COONO2), the EAN/Tf 2O and EAN/TFAA systems, generated via metathesis in the readily available ethylammonium nitrate (EAN) ionic liquid as solvent, are powerful electrophilic nitrating reagents for a wide variety of aromatic and heteroaromatic compounds. Comparative nitration experiments indicate that EAN/Tf2O is superior to EAN/TFAA for nitration of strongly deactivated systems. Both systems exhibit low substrate selectivity (K T/KB = 5-10) in (Figure presented) between values reported for covalent nitrates and preformed nitronium salts.
- Aridoss, Gopalakrishnan,Laali, Kenneth K.
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experimental part
p. 8088 - 8094
(2011/11/13)
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- Pd, Pt, and Ru complexes of a pincer bis(amino)amide ligand
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An improved synthesis of pincer ligand bis[(2-dimethylamino)phenyl]amine (MeN2NH) was reported. Reaction of the Li complex of MeN2N with suitable Pd, Pt, and Ru precursors gave the corresponding metal complexes. The structures of the Pd, Pt, and Ru complexes were determined. The Ru complex showed activity in catalytic transfer hydrogenation of aryl and alkyl ketones. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011.
- Ren, Peng,Vechorkin, Oleg,Csok, Zsolt,Salihu, Isuf,Scopelliti, Rosario,Hu, Xile
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experimental part
p. 8906 - 8911
(2011/10/30)
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- HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVE HAVING INHIBITORY ACTIVITY ON TYPE-I 11 -HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE
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Disclosed is a compound which is useful as an 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 inhibitor. A compound represented by the formula: its pharmaceutically acceptable salt, or a solvate thereof, wherein X is O or S, a broken line and a wavy line represent the presence or the absence of a bond, (i) when a broken line represents the presence of a bond, a wavy line represents the absence of a bond, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl or the like, (ii) when a broken line represents the absence of a bond, a wavy line represents the presence of a bond, R1 and R4 are each independently hydrogen, halogen or the like, R2 and R3 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, cyano, hydroxy, carboxy, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl or the like, and R5 and R6 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl or the like.
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Page/Page column 125
(2010/08/07)
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- DIKETOPIPERAZINE DERIVATIVES AS P2X7 MODULATORS
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The invention provides a compound of formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: (I) wherein: A represents an aryl, heteroaryl or heterocyclyl group; and any ring or ring system of said aryl or heteroaryl is optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents, which may be the same or different, selected from the group consisting of halogen, C1-6 alkyl, -CF3, - OCF3, cyano, C1-6 alkoxy, -NR10R11, -X-aryl, -X-heteroaryl and -X-heterocyclyl; R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 independently represent hydrogen, fluorine, chlorine, -CF3, cyano or C1-6 alkyl, such that at least one of R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 is other than hydrogen; R6, R7, R8, R9, R10 and R11 independently represent hydrogen or C1-6 alkyl; X represents a linker selected from a bond, -(CH2)n- and -O-(CH2)n-; and n represents an integer from 1 to 3. The compounds or salts modulate P2X7 receptor function and are capable of antagonizing the effects of ATP at the P2X7 receptor ("P2X7 receptor antagonists").
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Page/Page column 93
(2010/11/17)
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- Antiprion activity of functionalized 9-aminoacridines related to quinacrine
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A library of functionalized 6-chloro-2-methoxy-(N9-substituted)acridin-9-amines structurally related to quinacrine were synthesized and evaluated for antiprion activity on four different cell models persistently infected with scrapie prion strains (ScN2a, N167, Ch2) or a human disease prion strain (F3). Most of the compounds were distinguished by the side chain attached to 9-amino of the acridine ring. These were dialkylaminoalkyl and phenyl with basic groups on the phenyl ring. The most promising compound was 6-chloro-2-methoxy-N-(4-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)phenyl)acridin-9-amine (15) which had submicromolar EC50 values (0.1-0.7 μM) on all cell models, was able to clear PrPSc at non-toxic concentrations of 1.2-2.5 μM, and was more active than quinacrine in terms of EC50 values. Other promising compounds were 14 (a regioisomer of 15) and 17 which had a 1-benzylpiperidin-4-yl substituent attached to the 9-amino function. Activity was strongly dependent on the presence of a substituted acridine ring, which in this library comprised 6-chloro-2-methoxy substituents on the acridine ring. The side chains of 14, 15, and 17 have not been previously associated with antiprion activity and are interesting leads for further optimization of antiprion activity.
- Nguyen Thi, Hanh Thuy,Lee, Chong-Yew,Teruya, Kenta,Ong, Wei-Yi,Doh-ura, Katsumi,Go, Mei-Lin
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p. 6737 - 6746
(2008/12/21)
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- Ce(SO4)2-mediated nitration of N,N-dialkylanilines with NaNO2 in water
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Ce(SO4)2-mediated nitration of N,N-dialkylanilines with NaNO2 using water as the solvent has been achieved in good to excellent yields. The nitrating reaction proceeded smoothly at ambient temperature. Copyright Taylor & Francis Group, LLC.
- Yang, Xianghua,Xi, Chanjuan
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p. 3381 - 3392
(2008/02/12)
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- Nitration of aromatic compounds catalyzed by divanadium-substituted molybdophosphoric acid, H5[PMo10V2O 40]
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The nitration of aromatic compounds was carried out in the presence of divanadium-substituted molybdophosphoric acid, H5PMo 10V2O40, as catalyst and a mixture of nitric acid and acetic anhydride as nitrating agent. In the presence of this heteropolyacid the ortho- and para-nitro compounds were obtained in good to excellent yields under mild reaction conditions. Springer-Verlag 2007.
- Heravi, Majid M.,Bakhtiari, Khadijeh,Benmorad, Tina,Bamoharram, Fatemeh F.,Oskooie, Hossein A.,Tehrani, Maryam H.
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p. 449 - 452
(2008/02/02)
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- Novel small molecules with selective cytotoxicity against human microvascular endothelial cell proliferation
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Disclosed herein are angiogenesis inhibitors represented by formula (I) or formula (II): The variables for formulas (I) and (II) are defined herein.
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Page/Page column 22
(2010/11/28)
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- Highly chemoselective nitration of aromatic amines using the Ph3P/Br2/AgNO3 system
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The use of PPh3/Br2/AgNO3 provides a new reagent system for the novel and highly chemoselective nitration of aromatic amines under mild reaction conditions.
- Iranpoor, Nasser,Firouzabadi, Habib,Nowrouzi, Najmeh,Firouzabadi, Dena
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p. 6879 - 6881
(2007/10/03)
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- Dichlorobis(1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane)(tetrahydroborato)zirco- nium(IV), [Zr(BH4)2Cl2(dabco)2](ZrBDC), as a new, stable, and versatile bench top reducing agent: Reduction of imines and enamines, reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones and reductive methylation of amines
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The reducing agent is easily prepared in an almost quantitative yield from commercially available starting materials. This compound is stable under mild aqueous acidic conditions (pH 4-6) and survives in H2O for several days without losing its reducing abilities. ZrBDC has been successfully used for the reduction of imines and enamines, reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones, and reductive methylation of amines.
- Firouzabadi, Habib,Iranpoor, Nasser,Alinezhad, Heshmatollah
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p. 143 - 151
(2007/10/03)
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- Unusual aminations with tetramethylguanidine
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Heating activated halobenzenes with 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine affords mixtures of dimethylaminobenzenes and 2-aryl-1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidines.
- Gabbutt, Christopher D.,Heron, B. Mark,McCreary, Janice M.,Thomas, David A.
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- 1-Benzyl-1-azonia-4-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane tetrahydroborate (BAAOTB) as a selective reducing agent
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1-Benzyl-1-azonia-4-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octane tetrahydroborate (BAAOTB) 1 generated as white solid from commercially available DABCO and sodium borohydride is found to be a selective and versatile reducing agent. The reagent in t-butanol is very useful for reduction of imines, enamines, oximes, reductive amination of aldehydes and ketones and reductive methylation of amines.
- Hajipour,Mohammadpoor-Baltork,Rahi
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p. 239 - 242
(2007/10/03)
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- AROMATIC TERTIARY AMINES AND n-BUTYL NITRITE
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The reaction between alkyl nitrites, particularly n-butyl nitrite, and tertiary aromatic amines under a variety of experimental conditions promptly yielded products of N-dealkylation-N-nitrosation, ring nitration, ipso-substitution and, occasionally, combinations of these processes.Aminoethers were detected as final products and intermediates on the way to N-nitrosations.Reaction pathways are suggested for some of the observed behaviours on the basis of experimental evidences whereas other alternatives are discarded.
- Varardo, Giancarlo,Giumanini, Angelo G.,Strazzolini, Paolo
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p. 4303 - 4332
(2007/10/02)
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- Direct Nitration of Anilines Using Nitrocyclohexadienones
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Nitrocyclohexadienones (in particular, 2,3,5,6-tetrabromo-4-methyl-4-nitro-2,5-cyclohexadienone) are used as reagents for the direct nitration of anilines.Depending on the conditions, good yields of C-nitroanilines are obtained.Under the same conditions, N,N-dimethylaniline is converted into N-methyl-N-nitroaniline.
- Lemaire, M.,Guy, A.,Boutin, P.,Guette, J. P.
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p. 761 - 763
(2007/10/02)
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- Reaction of 6-Ethylamino-3-methyluracil with Nitrobenzenes
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Reaction of 6-ethylamino-3-methyluracil (1) with nitrobenzenes in hexamethylphosphoric triamide gave isoalloxazines in 3.8-18 percent yield.In the presence of potassium carbonate, reaction of 1 with o-fluoronitrobenzene afforded 5-substituted uracil 3 in moderate yield.
- Harayama, Takashi,Jinno, Hideto,Tezuka, Yasuhiro,Yoneda, Fumio
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p. 1507 - 1509
(2007/10/02)
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- Studies in Tertiary Amine Oxides. Part V - Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectra of some N-Aryl Tertiary Amines, the Corresponding N-Oxides and the Meisenheimer Rearrangement Products
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The carbon-13 NMR spectra of some N-(2- or 4-nitrophenyl) tertiary amines and their corresponding N-oxides have been analysed.These N-oxides undergo thermal rearrangement to O-arylhydroxylamines, for which the 13C NMR spectral assignments were also carried out.The N-oxidation effect on the aromatic and aliphatic fragments is calculated.
- Khuthier, Abdul-Hussain,Al-Rawi, Jasim M. A.,Al-Kazzaz, Abdul K.,Al-Iraqi, Mohammed A.
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p. 104 - 108
(2007/10/02)
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