6119-74-0Relevant articles and documents
N,N'-Diphenyl-1,4(5)-dimethoxyanthraquinone Diimines: "Butterfly" Inversion of Anthraquinone Diimines
Boone, Harold W.,Bruck, Michael A.,Bates, Robert B.,Padias, Anne Buyle,Hall, H. K.
, p. 5279 - 5283 (1995)
Model compounds for polyaromatic quinone imines were synthesized and characterized by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy and X-ray single crystal structure determination.N,N'-Diphenyl-1,4(5)-dimethoxyanthraquinone 9,10-diimines were synthesized by condensing 2 equiv of aniline with 1,5-dimethoxyanthraquinone (15DMAQ) and 1,4-dimethoxyanthraquinone (14DMAQ), respectively, in the presence of titanium tetrachloride and 1,4-diazabicyclooctane (DABCO).The X-ray single crystal structure determination of the diimine of 15DMAQ is reported.The condensation of aniline with anthraquinones results in a buckling of the anthraquinone ring system, giving it a "butterfly" conformation while the diimine of 15DMAQ has an anti configuration with the N-phenyl rings lying above the methoxy substituents.The diimine of 14DMAQ has a syn configuration, again with these N-phenyl rings lying above the methoxy substituents.The symmetrical structural butterfly conformations of the diimines allowed for the observation of a dynamic butterfly inversion by variable-temperature 1H NMR spectroscopy.The energy barriers for the butterfly inversion of N-phenyl 15DMAQ and 14DMAQ diimines are 9.5 kcal/mol.The implications of the crystal structure and molecular dynamics for the polymeric structures are discussed.
1,4-Dipole-Metalated Quinone Strategy to (+/-)-4-Demethoxydaunomycinone and (+/-)-Daunomycine. Annelation of Benzocyclobutenedione Monoketals with Lithioquinone Bisketals
Swenton, John S.,Anderson, D. Keith,Jackson, Daniel K.,Narasimhan, Lakshmi
, p. 4825 - 4836 (1981)
A strategy for total synthesis of anthracyclinones is outlined in which a benzocyclobutenedione monoketal, serving as a 1,4-dipole equivalent, is reacted with a lithiated quinone bisketal, serving as a metalated quinone equivalent, to afford in one step a fully functionalized tetracyclic ring system.A convenient synthesis of the AB-ring system with the eventual C7 and C9 oxygen functions of the anthracyclinone present has been developed.In addition, a trimethylsilyl-mediated benzylic bromination serves as one of the key steps in a novel methylene-to-carbonyl transformation, resulting in a regiospecific route to benzocyclobutenedione monoketals.The potential general synthetic utility arising from trimethylsilyl-stabilized radical intermediates is noted.The chemistry described above resulted in a convergent, regiospecific route to (+/-)-4-demethoxydaunomycinone and (+/-)-daunomycinone
Evaluation of a series of 9,10-anthraquinones as antiplasmodial agents
Osman, Che Puteh,Ismail, Nor Hadiani,Widyawaruyanti, Aty,Imran, Syahrul,Tumewu, Lidya,Choo, Chee Yan,Ideris, Sharinah
, p. 353 - 363 (2019/06/20)
Background: A phytochemical study on medicinal plants used for the treatment of fever and malaria in Africa yielded metabolites with potential antiplasmodial activity, many of which are Anthraquinones (AQ). AQs have similar sub-structure as naphthoquinones and xanthones, which were previously reported as novel antiplasmodial agents. Objective: The present study aimed to investigate the structural requirements of 9,10-anthraquinones with hydroxy, methoxy and methyl substituents to exert strong antiplasmodial activity and to investigate their possible mode of action. Methods: Thirty-one AQs were synthesized through Friedel-Crafts reaction and assayed for antiplasmodial activity in vitro against Plasmodium falciparum (3D7). The selected compounds were tested for toxicity and probed for their mode of action against β-hematin dimerization through HRP2 and lipid catalyses. The most active compounds were subjected to a docking study using AutoDock 4.2. Results: The active AQs have similar common structural characteristics. However, it is difficult to establish a structure-activity relationship as certain compounds are active despite the absence of the structural features exhibited by other active AQs. They have either ortho- or meta-arranged substituents and one free hydroxyl and/or carbonyl groups. When C-6 is substituted with a methyl group, the activity of AQs generally increased. 1,3-DihydroxyAQ (15) showed good antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 1.08 μM, and when C-6 was substituted with a methyl group, 1,3-dihydroxy-6-methylAQ (24) showed stronger antiplasmodial activity with an IC50 value of 0.02μM, with better selectivity index. Compounds 15 and 24 showed strong HRP2 activity and mild toxicity against hepatocyte cells. Molecular docking studies showed that the hydroxyl groups at the ortho (23) and meta (24) positions are able to form hydrogen bonds with heme, of 3.49 A and 3.02 A, respectively. Conclusion: The activity of 1,3-dihydroxy-6-methylAQ (24) could be due to their inhibition against the free heme dimerization by inhibiting the HRP2 protein. It was further observed that the anthraquinone moiety of compound 24 bind in parallel to the heme ring through hydrophobic interactions, thus preventing crystallization of heme into hemozoin.
Clip[5]arenes: A new family of molecular clips
Shi, Bingbing,Li, Zhengtao,Liu, Yuezhou,Shangguan, Liqing,Zhu, Huangtianzhi,Ju, Huaqiang,Huang, Feihe
supporting information, p. 3477 - 3480 (2018/08/22)
Here we report the design and syntheses of two new triptycene-based rigid acyclic C-shaped hosts, clip[5]arenes C[5]OH and C[5]ME, and the strong host–guest complexation between C[5]OH and an electron-poor bipyridinium salt, paraquat G. The Ka value for the host–guest complex C[5]OH ? G was calculated to be (1.09 ± 0.36) × 105 M?1 in acetone by using a non-linear curve-fitting method based on the UV–vis absorption titration experiments. Furthermore, based on this new host–guest recognition motif, a novel pseudopolyrotaxane-like supramolecular structure was constructed with C[5]OH threaded on polyviologen polymer VP-10.
Synthesis method of anthraquinone derivatives and tetracenedione derivatives through benzannulation reaction
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Paragraph 0029-0030; 0045, (2017/08/09)
The present invention relates to a method for synthesizing anthraquinone derivatives and tetracene dione derivatives through a benzannulation reaction, which presents a novel synthesis method, capable of processing synthesis easily, conveniently, and efficiently under mild conditions by an organic catalyst. The synthesis method uses an L-proline catalyst which is nontoxic, economical and easily available, compared to conventional production methods, thereby providing the anthraquinone derivatives and the tetracene dione derivatives through the one-pot benzannulation reaction of an α, β-unsaturated aldehyde compound, various 1,4-naphthoquinone compounds or 1,4-anthracenedione compounds. Various forms of anthraquinone derivatives or tetracene dione derivatives prepared by the synthesis method can be widely used for synthesis of natural products, dyes, and pharmaceutical products.COPYRIGHT KIPO 2017
Access to 1,2,3,4-Tetraoxygenated Benzenes via a Double Baeyer-Villiger Reaction of Quinizarin Dimethyl Ether: Application to the Synthesis of Bioactive Natural Products from Antrodia camphorata
Newson, Harriet L.,Wild, Duncan A.,Yeung, Sing Yee,Skelton, Brian W.,Flematti, Gavin R.,Allan, Jane E.,Piggott, Matthew J.
, p. 3127 - 3135 (2016/05/19)
The first systematic investigation into the Baeyer-Villiger reaction of an anthraquinone is presented. The double Baeyer-Villiger reaction of quinizarin dimethyl ether is viable, directly providing the dibenzo[b,f][1,4]-dioxocin-6,11-dione ring-system, which is otherwise difficult to prepare. This methodology provides rapid access to 1,2,3,4-tetraoxygenated benzenes, and has been exploited by application to the total synthesis of a natural occurring benzodioxole and its biphenyl dimer, which both display noteworthy biological activity. Interestingly, the axially chiral biphenyl was found to be configurationally stable, but the resolved enantiomers exhibit no optical activity at the αD-line.
Organocatalyzed benzannulation for the construction of diverse anthraquinones and tetracenediones
Somai Magar, Krishna Bahadur,Xia, Likai,Lee, Yong Rok
supporting information, p. 8592 - 8595 (2015/05/20)
An efficient one-pot synthesis of anthraquinones and tetracenediones was achieved vial-proline catalyzed [4+2] cycloaddition of in situ generated azadiene from α,β-unsaturated aldehydes and 1,4-naphthoquinones or 1,4-anthracenedione in good to excellent yield. This protocol constitutes an unprecedented tandem benzannulation that allows one-pot construction of diverse anthraquinones and tetracenediones in the presence of organocatalysts. This methodology was applied successfully to the synthesis of naturally occurring molecules and photochemically interesting phenanthrenequinone derivatives.
Synthesis of new cytotoxic aminoanthraquinone derivatives via nucleophilic substitution reactions
Nor, Siti Mariam Mohd,Sukari, Mohd Aspollah Hj Md,Azziz, Saripah Salbiah Syed Abdul,Fah, Wong Chee,Alimon, Hasimah,Juhan, Siti Fadilah
, p. 8046 - 8062 (2013/08/23)
Aminoanthraquinones were successfully synthesized via two reaction steps. 1,4-Dihydroxyanthraquinone (1) was first subjected to methylation, reduction and acylation to give an excellent yield of anthracene-1,4-dione (3), 1,4-dimethoxyanthracene- 9,10-dione (5) and 9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydroanthracene-1, 4-diyl diacetate (7). Treatment of 1, 3, 5 and 7 with BuNH2 in the presence of PhI(OAc)2 as catalyst produced seven aminoanthraquinone derivatives 1a, b, 3a, and 5a-d. Amination of 3 and 5 afforded three new aminoanthraquinones, namely 2-(butylamino)anthracene-1,4-dione (3a), 2-(butylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (5a) and 2,3-(dibutylamino)anthracene-9,10-dione (5b). All newly synthesised aminoanthraquinones were examined for their cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 (estrogen receptor positive human breast) and Hep-G2 (human hepatocellular liver carcinoma) cancer cells using MTT assay. Aminoanthraquinones 3a, 5a and 5b exhibited strong cytotoxicity towards both cancer cell lines (IC50 1.1-13.0 μg/mL).
Synthesis of damnacanthal, a naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinone and its analogues, and its biological evaluation against five cancer cell lines
Saha, Koushik,Lam, Kok Wai,Abas, Faridah,Sazali Hamzah,Stanslas, Johnson,Hui, Lim Siang,Lajis, Nordin H.
, p. 2093 - 2104 (2013/07/26)
Damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, two naturally occurring 9,10-anthraquinones, and their analogues were synthesized. Cytotoxic activity against five cancer cell lines was evaluated using MTT assay. 2-Bromomethyl-1,3-dimethoxyanthraquinone was found to display the highest activity against all cell lines with IC50 range of 2-8 μM. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) assessment was considered to rationalise the cytotoxic effect. Bromomethyl group at position C-2 of the anthraquinone was found to be important in exerting cytotoxic activity of this class of compounds. The presence of the flanking methoxyl or hydroxyl groups at C-1 and C-3 also contributes to this activity. Finally, the antioxidant effect of these compounds was evaluated. MTT assay was used to measure the cytotoxicity against different cancer cell lines. Antioxidant activity was measured by FTC and TBA methods. Only two anthraquinones, damnacanthal and nordamnacanthal, were found to be antioxidative.
Synthesis of 1,4-Anthracene-9,10-dione derivatives and their regulation of nitric oxide, IL-1β and TNF-α in activated RAW264.7 cells
Correa, Tais Arthur,Alves, Caio C. S.,Castro, Sandra B. R.,Oliveira, Erick E.,Franco, Lucas S.,Ferreira, Ana P.,De Almeida, Mauro V.
, p. 463 - 467 (2013/10/08)
Mitoxantrone is an anthracenedione antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent approved for multiple sclerosis treatment. Novel mono- and disubstituted anthraquinone derivatives, analogues of mitoxantrone, were synthesized through the addition of lipophilic amino alcohols and evaluated for their effect on IL-1β, TNF-α and nitric oxide production by LPS/IFN-γ-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The disubstituted 1,4-anthracene-9,10-dione 10 showed significant inhibition of nitric oxide, TNF-α and IL-1β production at the concentration of 5 μg/mL, with a much lower cytotoxicity than mitoxantrone. The monosubstituted 3, 4, 11, 12 and 13 also displayed a moderate to good inhibitory capacity on IL-1β production. However, the methylated compounds 11, 12 and 13 failed to inhibit the TNF-α production, and compound 13 was the only one to decrease the production of nitric oxide. None of these derivatives was toxic at the tested concentrations. Compounds 10 and 13 had better inhibitory capacity of the inflammatory mediators analyzed, with reliable viability of the cells.
