- Lubricity, tribological and rheological properties of green ester oil prepared from bio-based azelaic acid
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Plant oil derived compounds have been used as the raw material for the synthesis of green biolubricant. Azelaic acid derived from oleic acid is one of the interesting compounds. The synthesis of azelate esters oil based synthetic green biolubricants was carried out. The esterification process of azelaic acid with variety type of alcohols was catalyzed by concentrated H2SO4. The yields percentages of azelate esters oil produced were varied depending their overall molecular structure. The azelate esters oil properties were evaluated for their suitability as a biolubricant. The results showed that the linear azelate esters oil showed high pour point values in a range of 15 to 5°C for di-decyl azelate, di-octyl azelate and di-hexyl azelate respectively. On the other hands, the branch azelate esters oil showed very low pour point of -70, -58 and -50°C for di-2-butyloctyl azelate, di-2-ethylhexanol azelate and di-2-ethylbutyl azelate, respectively. Moreover, the linear azelate esters oil gave high values of flash point, viscosity index and oxidative stability, and they were slightly affected by branching molecule structure. The tribological and rheological properties of high molecular azelate esters oil were also performed. Subsequently, most of them were classified as non-Newtonian fluids and having boundary lubrication properties with low friction coefficient. The branch azelate esters oil is plausible to be used as green biolubricants in many applications including automotive, marine engine oils, compressor oils, hydraulic fluids, gear oils and industrial biolubricants.
- AHMED, WALED ABDO,SALIH, NADIA,SALIMON, JUMAT
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p. 1363 - 1369
(2021/06/09)
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- The synthesis of di-carboxylate esters using continuous flow vortex fluidics
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A vortex fluidic device (VFD) is effective in mediating the synthesis of di-esters at room temperature. Processing under ambient conditions allows for a simple and efficient synthesis, whilst operating under continuous flow addresses scalability. The rotational speed of the sample tube and the flow rate were critical variables during reaction optimization, and this relates to the behaviour of the fluid flow at a molecular level. Whilst at specific rotational speeds the tube imparts a vibrational response into the fluid flow, the flow rate dictates residence time and the ability to maintain high levels of shear stress. The combination of mechanically induced vibrations, rapid micromixing, high levels of shear stress and water evaporation results in yields up to 90% for 3.25 minutes or less residence time. These results are key for devising greener and more efficient processes both mediated by the VFD and other continuous flow platforms.
- Britton, Joshua,Dalziel, Stuart B.,Raston, Colin L.
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p. 2193 - 2200
(2016/04/19)
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- Synthesis, antiproliferation, and docking studies of N-phenyl-lipoamide and 8-mercapto-N-phenyloctanamide derivatives: Effects of C6 position thiol moiety
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Some N-phenyl lipoamide and 8-mercapto- N-phenyloctanamide derivatives were synthesized and their in vitro antiproliferative activity was evaluated. The experimental results indicated that 8-mercapto-N-phenyloctanamides might be good histone deacetylase inhibitors rather than N-phenyl lipoamides, who had thiol moiety at C6 position. To verify the antiproliferation data on structural basis, in silico docking studies of the representative compounds into the crystal structure of histone deacetylase- like protein using AutoDock 4.0 program were performed. Furthermore, sulfur acetylated 8-mercapto-Nphenyloctanamide improved its in vitro antiproliferative activity, probably due to the increasing of its cell membrane permeability. While the identification of enzymatic target of N-phenyl lipoamides with dithiolane is still ongoing. Springer Science+Business Media, LLC 2011.
- Zhang, Shi-Jie,Hu, Wei-Xiao
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p. 3312 - 3320
(2012/11/07)
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- METHODS AND COMPOSITIONS INVOLVING ESTERS OF AZELAIC ACID AND OTHER DICARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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The present invention relates to formulations of azelaic acid esters and other dicarboxylic acid esters, and their derivatives. In preferred embodiments, the esters have the general Formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are selected from hydrogen, alkyl groups of up to about 18 carbon atoms and aryl groups of up to about 18 carbon atoms and alkylene group of up to about 18 carbon atoms and an arylene group of up to about 18 carbon atoms. The alkyl, aryl, alkylene and aryl groups may be substituted or unsubstituted, branched or straight chains. In addition, R1 and R2 may contain heteroatoms and may be straight chained or branched, n is an integer from 1-16, and R1 and R2 are not simultaneously hydrogen. R2OOC-(CH2)n-COOR1 (I). The azelaic acid derivatives of Formula I of this invention are certain derivatives of azelaic acid and other alkyl geminal diacids which possess a desirable high lipophilicity and biphasic solubility in comparison to the parent compound, azelaic acid, and which are cleaved enzymatically to azelaic acid. Compounds produced from the compounds of Formula (I) by the enzymatic hydrolysis of the R1 and R2 groups are useful as anti-bacterial agents in mammals in vivo and have been contemplated to be used in the treatment of skin disease.
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Page/Page column 18-19
(2008/06/13)
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- Regioselective Ring Opening of Vinylcyclopropanes by Hydrogenation with Palladium on Activated Carbon
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A highly regioselective reductive ring opening of vinylcyclopropanes induced by palladium on activated carbon has been investigated. High yields and excellent regioselectivities were observed in cleaving either the less hindered bond or the more hindered bond of the cyclopropane depending on whether the substituent on the vinylcyclopropane is capable of coordinating to Pd or not.
- Barrett, Anthony G. M.,Tam, William
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p. 7673 - 7678
(2007/10/03)
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