- Accelerated saponification of methyl dodecanoate with aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the presence of alcohols in a silicone rubber tube as a flow-type reactor
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Saponification of methyl dodecanoate with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution in the absence and presence of alcohols was studied using a tubular reactor made of silicone tube to elucidate effects of alcohol addition on the saponification. The reaction r
- Kamiouji, Atsushi,Hashimoto, Keiji,Kominami, Hiroshi,Ito, Seishiro
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- Systems based on nonionic amphiphilic compounds: Aggregation and catalytic properties
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The micellization properties, solubilization capability, and catalytic effect of conventional nonionic surfactants and amphiphilic compounds of oligomeric (Tyloxapol) and polymeric (Synperonic F-68, Pluronic F-127) structure were compared. The systems studied demonstrate a marked catalytic effect toward basic hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl laurate, which exceeds the effect of aqueous alkali solutions by two orders of magnitude. Correlations between the solubilization capacity of aggregates and their catalytic effect were observed. The maximum efficiency was found for the Tyloxapol solution. The synergetic enhancement of the catalytic effect was observed for the mixed Tyloxapol-cetyltrimethylammonium bromide systems in the presence of small amounts of cationic surfactant
- Ablakova, Yu. R.,Mirgorodskaya,Zakharova, L. Ya.,Valeeva
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- Continuous preparation method of metal fatty acid salt
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The invention relates to a continuous preparation method of metal fatty acid salt. The continuous preparation method of the metal fatty acid salt comprises the step of continuously enabling fatty acidand metal hydroxides to react in a solvent and prepare the metal fatty acid salt in a microchannel reactor or pipeline reactor. The preparation method disclosed by the invention can control the particle diameter of a product material to be within 70nm and 1000nm, and the particle diameter of the product material can be adjusted as needed; the metal fatty acid salt is simple in preparation method,short in technological process, few in three wastes (waste water, waste residues and waste gas), beneficial to environmental protection and suitable for industrial production; the reactor used in theinvention has short reaction time, high safety, high efficiency and large productivity, and can realize continuous production, furthermore, the space utilization rate of workshops is high, and mass production can be realized; by adopting the preparation method disclosed by the invention, the solvent can be recycled to lower the production cost; and the preparation method has high conversion rateof raw materials, stable quality and high purity.
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Paragraph 0060; 0061; 0062; 0063; 0108; 0109; 0110; 0111
(2019/04/04)
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- The salts of fatty acids as precursors for preparation of silver nanoparticles in organic solvents
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The silver salts of fatty acids were studied as precursors for the preparation of colloidal dispersions of silver nanoparticles and UHMWPE (ultra-high-molecular-weight polyethylene) composite with silver nanoparticles, as well as the composition, the spectra and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) results.
- Glushko,Anisimova,Blokhina
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p. 1759 - 1764
(2016/10/24)
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- GLYCOPYRRONIUM FATTY ACID SALTS AND METHODS OF MAKING SAME
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Novel glycopyrronium fatty acid salts have been developed. Bi-phasic reaction conditions enable the desired counterion exchange reactions between glycopyrronium bromide and fatty acid salts of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals in methods to form glycopyrronium fatty acid salts. In preferred embodiments, an excess of the free fatty acid in the reaction mixture stabilizes the glycopyrronium fatty acid salt and reduces the formation of the impurity, Acid A. In some preferred embodiments, between 0.2 and 1.2 molar equivalent of excess free fatty acid is added to the reaction mixture. In another embodiment, approximately 1.2 molar equivalent of excess free fatty acid is added to the reaction mixture.
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Page/Page column 22
(2017/01/02)
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- Micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide: Effect of small chain bola electrolytes
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Sodium dicarboxylates (or Bola salts) with methylene spacers 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 were studied in aqueous solution to investigate their influence on the micellization of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). Since bolas with spacer length a??12 are known not to micellize in general, the herein used sodium dicarboxylates were treated as 2:1 amphiphilic electrolytes which reduced surface tension of water (except sodium oxalate with zero spacer) without self-association. Their concentration dependent conductance was also linear without breaks. The bolas affected the micellization of CTAB but acted like salts to decrease its CMC. Their combinations did not form bilayer aggregates as found in vesicles. Nevertheless, they synergistically interacted with CTAB at the air/water interface as revealed from Rosen's thermodynamic model. Hydrodynamic radius (Rh), Zeta-potential (??), and electrical double layer behavior of bola interacted CTAB micelles were assessed. From SANS measurements, micelle shape, shape parameters, aggregation number (N agg), surface charge of the bola influenced CTAB micelles were also determined. NMR study as well supported the non-mixing of bolas with the CTAB micelles. They interacted in solution like amphiphilic electrolytes to influence the surface and micelle forming properties of CTAB. ? 2014 American Chemical Society.
- Pan, Animesh,Sil, Pallabi,Dutta, Sounak,Das, Prasanta Kumar,Bhattacharya, Subhash Chandra,Rakshit, Animesh Kumar,Aswal, Vinod Kumar,Moulik, Satya Priya
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p. 3041 - 3052
(2014/04/03)
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- Solubilization and catalytic behavior of micellar system based on gemini surfactant with hydroxyalkylated head group
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The correlation between aggregation, solubilization and catalytic properties has been found for series of cationic surfactants with hexadecyl radical of both monomeric and dimeric structures. The highest catalytic effect in the series, reaching three orde
- Mirgorodskaya, Alla B.,Yackevich, Ekaterina I.,Lukashenko, Svetlana S.,Zakharova, Lucia Ya.,Konovalov, Alexander I.
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scheme or table
p. 106 - 109
(2012/07/27)
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- PH-sensitive self-propelled motion of oil droplets in the presence of cationic surfactants containing hydrolyzable ester linkages
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Self-propelled oil droplets in a nonequilibrium system have drawn much attention as both a primitive type of inanimate chemical machinery and a dynamic model of the origin of life. Here, to create the pH-sensitive self-propelled motion of oil droplets, we synthesized cationic surfactants containing hydrolyzable ester linkages. We found that n-heptyloxybenzaldehyde oil droplets were self-propelled in the presence of ester-containing cationic surfactant. In basic solution prepared with sodium hydroxide, oil droplets moved as molecular aggregates formed on their surface. Moreover, the self-propelled motion in the presence of the hydrolyzable cationic surfactant lasted longer than that in the presence of nonhydrolyzable cationic surfactant. This is probably due to the production of a fatty acid by the hydrolysis of the ester-containing cationic surfactant and the subsequent neutralization of the fatty acid with sodium hydroxide. A complex surfactant was formed in the aqueous solution because of the cation and anion combination. Because such complex formation can induce both a decrease in the interfacial tension of the oil droplet and self-assembly with n-heptyloxybenzaldehyde and lauric acid in the aqueous dispersion, the prolonged movement of the oil droplet may be explained by the increase in heterogeneity of the interfacial tension of the oil droplet triggered by the hydrolysis of the ester-containing surfactant.
- Banno, Taisuke,Kuroha, Rie,Toyota, Taro
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experimental part
p. 1190 - 1195
(2012/06/05)
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- A simple and efficient large-scale synthesis of metal salts of medium-chain fatty acids
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A simple, inexpensive, one-step general procedure was developed for the preparation of medium-chain fatty acid (MCFA) metal salts. This approach offers the advantage of a practical route and is superior to literature methods. Also, it overcomes many of the limitations previously reported for the preparation of fatty acid salts. The potential utility of this method is illustrated by the production of pilot-scale quantities of high-purity (>99.9%) sodium decanoate.
- Zacharie, Boulos,Ezzitouni, Abdallah,Duceppe, Jean-Simon,Penney, Christopher
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experimental part
p. 581 - 583
(2010/04/22)
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- PREPARATION OF METAL SALTS OF MEDIUM-CHAIN FATTY ACIDS
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A process for the preparation of metal salts of a medium-chain length monocarboxylic fatty acid comprises reacting the precursor free fatty acid, dissolved in a suitable solvent, with the appropriate metal salt. The process uses a relatively high concentration of free fatty acid as a soluble reactant and produces metal fatty acid salts at high purity and high yield at a reasonable cost.
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Page/Page column 5
(2008/06/13)
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- Salt effects on solvolysis reactions of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates catalyzed by 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine-functionalized polymer in buffered water and aqueous methanol solutions
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Specific salting-in effects that lead to striking substrate selectivity were observed for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates 2 (n = 2-16) catalyzed by 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine-functionalized polymer 1 in aqueous Tris buffer solution at pH 8.0 and 30°C. Macromolecule 1 was found to exhibit clear substrate preference for 2 (n = 6) in 0.05 M aqueous Tris buffer solution, as contrasted with the corresponding reaction in 0.05 M aqueous phosphate or borate buffer solutions where the substrate selectivity is absent. The formation of a reactive catalyst substrate complex, 1·2, appears to be promoted by the presence of tris(hydroxymethyl)methylammonium ion, an efficient salting-in agent, from the Tris buffer system. The salting-in effect on formation of 1·2 complex is presumed responsible for the substrate specificity. The salting-out effects of sodium chloride on the solvolysis of 2 catalyzed by 1 were also investigated in 1:1 (v/v) methanol-water solution at pH 8.0 and 30°C. The rate of 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n = 10-16) was found to vary inversely with NaCl concentration (0-1.0 M). The magnitude of the salting-out effects is dependent on the alkyl chain length in 2 and the concentrations of 1 and NaCl. At 7.5 x 10-5 unit mol L-1 1 and 0-1.0 M NaCl the order of reactivity for 2 (n = 10-16) was n = 10 > 12 > 14 > 16. However, at 5.0 x 10-6 unit mol L-1 1, a revised reactivity order, 2, n = 14 > 12 > 16, was obtained at [NaCl] 0.15 M. A significant decrease in the substrate preference for 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n = 10-16) was observed at higher NaCl concentrations. We suggest that the reduced catalytic efficiency and selectivity expressed by 1 in the presence of sodium chloride should be attributed to changes in the morphology and composition of aggregates containing 1 and 2 in aqueous methanol solution that lead to decreased dependence of aggregate formation on the hydrophobicity of the substrate.
- Wang, Guang-Jia,Ye, Donghao,Fife, Wilmer K.
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p. 12536 - 12540
(2007/10/03)
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- Adsorbtion of sodium cyclododecylmethanoate and cycloundecylmethanoate at the air/water interface
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Surface tension measurements on aqueous solutions of sodium cyclododecylmethanoate and sodium cycloundecylmethanoate in sodium carbonate/bicarbonate buffers and at constant sodium ion concentration at 25 deg C were used to obtain the standard free energies of adsorbtion, the saturation areas per surfactant ion, and the critical "micelle" concentrations of these compounds.Similar measurements were done for solutions of sodium dodecanoate for comparisons.The standard free energies of adsorption of CH2 group that is located in a macrocyclic cycloalkyl ring appears to follow the "rule of two" (-RT ln 2) that is also valid for straight chain ionic surfactants.The saturation areas of both cyclododecylmethanoate and cycloundecylmethanoate are about 52 Angstroem2/ion as compared to about 32 Angstroem2/ion for normal dodecanoate.For large ring cycloalkylmethanoates the critical "micelle" concentrations appear to decrease by a factor of about 4/5 for each CH2 group added to the ring as compared to the factor of about 1/2 for each CH2 group added to the chain of normal alkanoates.The data suggest that large cycloalkyl rings have "collapsed ring", or "double chain", conformation in aqueous solutions and in the adsorbed state.
- Spitzer, Jan J.
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p. 2359 - 2363
(2007/10/02)
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