- Thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoxalines, Oxazolo[5,4-f]quinoxalines and Pyrazino[b,e]isatins: Synthesis from 6-Aminoquinoxalines and Properties
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The regioselective iodination of different 2-mono-, 3-mono- and 2,3-disubstituted 6-aminoquinoxalines, which takes place at their 5-position, was rationalized on the basis of Hückel theory calculations. Oxazolo- and thiazolo[5,4-f]quinoxaline analogues of
- Bach, Stéphane,Dorcet, Vincent,El Osmani, Nour,Erb, William,Fajloun, Ziad,Lassagne, Frédéric,Mongin, Florence,Mongin, Olivier,Picot, Laurent,Richy, Nicolas,Robert, Thomas,Roisnel, Thierry,Sims, Joshua M.,Thiéry, Valérie
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Read Online
- Nucleophilic vinylic substitution (SNV) of activated alkoxymethylene derivatives with 6-aminoquinoxaline
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Treatment of 6-aminoquinoxaline with β,β-diactivated alkoxymethylene derivatives gave the corresponding N-(quinoxalin-6-yl)enamines. A variant of the SNV reaction mechanism was proposed for substitution of the alkoxymethylene compounds, on the basis of the structures of the precursor enol ether and the vinylic substitution product and on computations. Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005.
- Salon, Jozef,Milata, Viktor,Gatial, Anton,Pronayova, Nadezda,Lesko, Jan,Cernuchova, Petra,Rappoport, Zvi,Vo-Thanh, Giang,Loupy, Andre
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Read Online
- Cyclic (Alkyl)(amino)carbene Ligand-Promoted Nitro Deoxygenative Hydroboration with Chromium Catalysis: Scope, Mechanism, and Applications
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Transition metal catalysis that utilizes N-heterocyclic carbenes as noninnocent ligands in promoting transformations has not been well studied. We report here a cyclic (alkyl)(amino)carbene (CAAC) ligand-promoted nitro deoxygenative hydroboration with cost-effective chromium catalysis. Using 1 mol % of CAAC-Cr precatalyst, the addition of HBpin to nitro scaffolds leads to deoxygenation, allowing for the retention of various reducible functionalities and the compatibility of sensitive groups toward hydroboration, thereby providing a mild, chemoselective, and facile strategy to form anilines, as well as heteroaryl and aliphatic amine derivatives, with broad scope and particularly high turnover numbers (up to 1.8 × 106). Mechanistic studies, based on theoretical calculations, indicate that the CAAC ligand plays an important role in promoting polarity reversal of hydride of HBpin; it serves as an H-shuttle to facilitate deoxygenative hydroboration. The preparation of several commercially available pharmaceuticals by means of this strategy highlights its potential application in medicinal chemistry.
- Zhao, Lixing,Hu, Chenyang,Cong, Xuefeng,Deng, Gongda,Liu, Liu Leo,Luo, Meiming,Zeng, Xiaoming
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supporting information
p. 1618 - 1629
(2021/01/25)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation, and in silico studies of new acetylcholinesterase inhibitors based on quinoxaline scaffold
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A quinoxaline scaffold exhibits various bioactivities in pharmacotherapeutic interests. In this research, twelve quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated as new acetyl-cholinesterase inhibitors. We found all compounds showed potent inhibitory activity against acetyl-cholinesterase (AChE) with IC50 values of 0.077 to 50.080 μM, along with promising predicted drug-likeness and blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeation. In addition, potent butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 14.91 to 60.95 μM was observed in some compounds. Enzyme kinetic study revealed the most potent compound (6c) as a mixed-type AChE inhibitor. No cytotoxicity from the quinoxaline derivatives was noticed in the human neuroblastoma cell line (SHSY5Y). In silico study suggested the compounds preferred the peripheral anionic site (PAS) to the catalytic anionic site (CAS), which was different from AChE inhibitors (tacrine and galanthamine). We had proposed the molecular design guided for quinoxaline derivatives targeting the PAS site. Therefore, the quinoxaline derivatives could offer the lead for the newly developed candidate as potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors.
- Khongkow, Pasarat,Lomlim, Luelak,Nualnoi, Teerapat,Saetang, Jirakrit,Suwanhom, Paptawan,Tipmanee, Varomyalin
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- Compound used as EGFR kinase inhibitor and application thereof
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The invention relates to a compound used as an EGFR kinase inhibitor and application thereof, the compound has a structure as shown in a formula I, and the compound can be used for adjusting EGFR kinase activity or treating related diseases, especially non-small cell lung cancer.
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Paragraph 0422; 0425; 0448-0449
(2021/05/22)
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- ARYL-PHOSPHORUS-OXYGEN COMPOUND AS EGFR KINASE INHIBITOR
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Disclosed is a class of new aryl-phosphorus-oxygen compounds as shown in formula (I) as EGFR kinase inhibitors, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof.
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Paragraph 0230; 0240; 0241; 0282; 0284; 0285
(2020/06/16)
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- Oxalic amide ligands, and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides
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The present invention provides oxalic amide ligands and uses thereof in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides. Specifically, the present invention provides a use of a compound represented by formula I, wherein definitions of each group are described in the specification. The compound represented by formula I can be used as a ligand in copper-catalyzed coupling reaction of aryl halides for the formation of C—N, C—O and C—S bonds.
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Page/Page column 89-90
(2020/01/09)
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- HETEROCYCLIC CARBOXYLIC ACID AMIDE LIGAND AND APPLICATIONS THEREOF IN COPPER CATALYZED COUPLING REACTION OF ARYL HALOGENO SUBSTITUTE
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Provided are a heterocyclic carboxylic acid amide ligand and applications thereof in a copper catalyzed coupling reaction. Specifically, provided are uses of a compound represented by formula (I), definitions of radical groups being described in the specifications. The compound represented by formula (I) can be used as the ligand in the copper catalyzed coupling reaction of the aryl halogeno substitute, and is used or catalyzing the coupling reaction for forming the aryl halogeno substitute having C—N, C—O, C—S and other bonds.
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Paragraph 0266-0267
(2019/05/15)
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- Discovery of N-(Naphthalen-1-yl)-N′-alkyl Oxalamide Ligands Enables Cu-Catalyzed Aryl Amination with High Turnovers
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A class of N-(naphthalen-1-yl)-N′-alkyl oxalamides have been proven to be powerful ligands, making a coupling reaction of (hetero)aryl iodides with primary amines proceed at 50 °C with only 0.01 mol % of Cu2O and ligand as well as a coupling reaction of (hetero)aryl bromides with primary amines and ammonia at 80 °C with only 0.1 mol % of Cu2O and ligand. A wide range of coupling partners work well under these conditions, thereby providing an easy to operate method for preparing (hetero)aryl amines.
- Gao, Jie,Bhunia, Subhajit,Wang, Kailiang,Gan, Lu,Xia, Shanghua,Ma, Dawei
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supporting information
p. 2809 - 2812
(2017/06/07)
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- New 6-Aminoquinoxaline Derivatives with Neuroprotective Effect on Dopaminergic Neurons in Cellular and Animal Parkinson Disease Models
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Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder of aging characterized by motor symptoms that result from the loss of midbrain dopamine neurons and the disruption of dopamine-mediated neurotransmission. There is currently no curative treatment for this disorder. To discover druggable neuroprotective compounds for dopamine neurons, we have designed and synthesized a second-generation of quinoxaline-derived molecules based on structure-activity relationship studies, which led previously to the discovery of our first neuroprotective brain penetrant hit compound MPAQ (5c). Neuroprotection assessment in PD cellular models of our newly synthesized quinoxaline-derived compounds has led to the selection of a better hit compound, PAQ (4c). Extensive in vitro characterization of 4c showed that its neuroprotective action is partially attributable to the activation of reticulum endoplasmic ryanodine receptor channels. Most interestingly, 4c was able to attenuate neurodegeneration in a mouse model of PD, making this compound an interesting drug candidate for the treatment of this disorder.
- Le Douaron, Gael,Ferrié, Laurent,Sepulveda-Diaz, Julia E.,Amar, Majid,Harfouche, Abha,Séon-Méniel, Blandine,Raisman-Vozari, Rita,Michel, Patrick P.,Figadère, Bruno
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p. 6169 - 6186
(2016/07/26)
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- 6- endo -dig Cycloisomerization of N -Propargyl Aminoquinoxalines: A New Route to 1,4,8-Triazaphenanthrenes
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We report the preparation of novel 1,4,8-triazaphenanthrenes and show that the target compounds are efficiently obtained from the corresponding 6-aminoquinoxalines after N-propargylation followed by copper-catalyzed 6-endo-dig cycloisomerization and aroma
- Vallerotto, Sara,Douaron, Gael Le,Bernadat, Guillaume,Ferrié, Laurent,Figadère, Bruno
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p. 3232 - 3240
(2016/09/12)
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- Assembly of Primary (Hetero)Arylamines via CuI/Oxalic Diamide-Catalyzed Coupling of Aryl Chlorides and Ammonia
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A general and practical catalytic system for aryl amination of aryl chlorides with aqueous or gaseous ammonia has been developed, with CuI as the catalyst and bisaryl oxalic diamides as the ligands. The reaction proceeds at 105-120°C to provide a diverse set of primary (hetero)aryl amines in high yields with various functional groups.
- Fan, Mengyang,Zhou, Wei,Jiang, Yongwen,Ma, Dawei
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supporting information
p. 5934 - 5937
(2015/12/11)
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- Nickel-catalyzed monoarylation of ammonia
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Structurally diverse (hetero)aryl chloride, bromide, and tosylate electrophiles were employed in the Ni-catalyzed monoarylation of ammonia, including chemoselective transformations. The employed JosiPhos/[Ni(cod)2] catalyst system enables the use of commercially available stock solutions of ammonia, or the use of ammonia gas in these reactions, thereby demonstrating the versatility and potential scalability of the reported protocol. Proof-of-principle experiments established that air-stable [(JosiPhos)NiCl2] precatalysts can be employed successfully in such transformations. Lighten Up: The substrate scope of the title reaction includes (hetero)aryl chloride, bromide, and tosylate electrophiles. The versatility and potential scalability of the reported method is demonstrated by the use of either commercially available stock solutions of ammonia or ammonia gas.
- Borzenko, Andrey,Rotta-Loria, Nicolas L.,Macqueen, Preston M.,Lavoie, Christopher M.,McDonald, Robert,Stradiotto, Mark
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supporting information
p. 3773 - 3777
(2015/03/18)
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- Nickel-catalyzed amination of Aryl chlorides with ammonia or ammonium salts
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The nickel-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides to form primary arylamines occurs with ammonia or ammonium sulfate and a well-defined single-component nickel(0) precatalyst containing a Josiphos ligand and an η2-bound benzonitrile ligand. This system also catalyzes the coupling of aryl chlorides with gaseous amines in the form of their hydrochloride salts. Simple alternative: The title reaction, which results in primary arylamines, is catalyzed by well-defined single-component nickel(0) precatalysts containing a Josiphos ligand and an η2-bound benzonitrile ligand. This system also catalyzes the coupling of aryl chlorides with gaseous amines in the form of their hydrochloride salts.
- Green, Rebecca A.,Hartwig, John F.
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supporting information
p. 3768 - 3772
(2015/03/18)
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- Palladium-catalyzed amination of aryl chlorides and bromides with ammonium salts
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We report the palladium-catalyzed coupling of aryl halides with ammonia and gaseous amines as their ammonium salts. The coupling of aryl chlorides and ortho-substituted aryl bromides with ammonium sulfate forms anilines with higher selectivity for the primary arylamine over the diarylamine than couplings with ammonia in dioxane. The resting state for the reactions of aryl chlorides is different from the resting state for the reactions of aryl bromides, and this change in resting states is proposed to account for a difference in selectivities for reactions of the two haloarenes.
- Green, Rebecca A.,Hartwig, John F.
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supporting information
p. 4388 - 4391
(2015/01/08)
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- ANTIVIRAL COMPOUNDS
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The present invention relates to a compound of formula: (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein the symbols are as defined in the specification; a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same, a method for treating or preventing a viral infection such as HIV using the same.
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Paragraph 0170
(2013/03/26)
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- Mild and highly selective palladium-catalyzed monoarylation of ammonia enabled by the use of bulky biarylphosphine ligands and palladacycle precatalysts
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A method for the Pd-catalyzed arylation of ammonia with a wide range of aryl and heteroaryl halides, including challenging five-membered heterocyclic substrates, is described. Excellent selectivity for monoarylation of ammonia to primary arylamines was achieved under mild conditions or at rt by the use of bulky biarylphosphine ligands (L6, L7, and L4) as well as their corresponding aminobiphenyl palladacycle precatalysts (3a, 3b, and 3c). As this process requires neither the use of a glovebox nor high pressures of ammonia, it should be widely applicable.
- Cheung, Chi Wai,Surry, David S.,Buchwald, Stephen L.
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supporting information
p. 3734 - 3737
(2013/08/23)
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- HETEROARYL COMPOUNDS AND METHODS OF USE THEREOF
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Provided herein are heteroaryl compounds, methods of their synthesis, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, and methods of their use. In one embodiment, the compounds provided herein are useful for the treatment, prevention, and/or management of various disorders, such as CNS disorders and metabolic disorders, including, but not limited to, e.g., neurological disorders, psychosis, schizophrenia, obesity, and diabetes.
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Page/Page column 43
(2012/07/27)
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- HETEROCYCLIC DERIVATIVES THAT ARE USED IN THE TREATMENT OF NEURODEGENERATIVE DISEASES
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The present invention relates to compounds of Formula (I) below, to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts and to their isomers or mixtures of isomers: HetAr—X—CHR1R2 (I) in which: -HetAr represents a group chosen from: —X represents a linear, saturated or unsaturated, hydrocarbon-based chain comprising from 8 to 22 carbon atoms, optionally interrupted by an —NH— or —NH—CO— group, —R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an —OH, —O(C1-C6)alkyl, —OCO((C1-C6)alkyl), —OSO2((C1-C6)alkyl) or —OSO3H group, and —R2 represents a hydrogen atom or a (C2-C6)alkynyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl or (C3-C6)cycloalkyl group. The present invention also relates to a process for preparing the compounds of Formula (I), and also to the use thereof, especially in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Page/Page column 8
(2011/06/10)
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- Fluorescent sensing of anions using a bis-quinoxaline amidothiourea based supramolecular cleft; an example of an anion-induced deprotonation event
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The quinoxaline 1, possessing a 2,6-pyridyl-based amidothiourea moiety, with the view of forming a pre-organised molecular cleft, was developed as a fluorescent anion sensor. The sensing ability of 1 was evaluated in organic solution where both the ground and the excited state of 1 was affected upon recognition of anions such as acetate [as tetrabutylammonium salt (TBAAc) solution] at the amiodothiourea moieties in MeCN. The fluorescence of 1, with λmax at 477 nm, was, on all occasions quenched, upon anion recognition. Using TBAOH, we also show that the same anion-induced changes occurred; demonstrating that for this particular sensor, the anion-sensing takes place via a deprotonation mechanism. This anion-induced deprotonation event was further investigated by carrying out 1H NMR titrations on 1, using both AcO- and OH- in DMSO-d6.
- Duke, Rebecca M.,Gunnlaugsson, Thorfinnur
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body text
p. 5402 - 5405
(2010/11/02)
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- Novel nitroheterocyclic hypoxic markers for solid tumor: Synthesis and biological evaluation
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Based on the principle that the nitro-group can quench the fluorescence and can be reduced under hypoxic conditions, several novel nitroheterocyclic compounds without 2-nitroimidazole as potential hypoxic markers were prepared. Although they were synthesized from the same matrix, nitrosubstituted acenaphtho[1,2-b]quinoxaline, these compounds exhibited quite different fluorescence changes when they were differently nitrosubstituted. Their evaluation for imaging tumor hypoxia was carried out in V79 cells in vitro by Fluorescence Microplate Reader. After 3.5 h, the hypoxic-oxic fluorescence differential incubated with A1, A4, and A5 in V79 cells could reach 6, 9, and 11 times differential fluorescence between oxic and hypoxic cells separately, which are suitable for further evaluation as probes for hypoxic cells in tumors in vivo.
- Zhu, Weiping,Dai, Min,Xu, Yufang,Qian, Xuhong
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p. 3255 - 3260
(2008/09/19)
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- Novel highly regioselective syntheses of unsymmetrical 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines
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Non-symmetrical 2,3-disubstituted quinoxalines are not easily obtained in good yields because of the lack of regioselectivity of the Hinsberg condensation, or the large number of steps required for achieving their preparation. Two efficient methods leadin
- Hui, Xu,Schmidt, Fanny,Fakhfakh, Mohammed Akram,Franck, Xavier,Figadère, Bruno
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p. 353 - 361
(2008/03/12)
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- Synthesis and antiprotozoal activity of some new synthetic substituted quinoxalines
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A series of 29 new quinoxalines was synthesized and evaluated in vitro against several parasites (Leishmania donovani, Trypanosoma brucei brucei, and Trichomonas vaginalis). Several of them displayed interesting activities, and particularly four quinoxaline amides showed in vitro antileishmanial properties (IC50 less than 20 μM).
- Hui, Xu,Desrivot, Julie,Bories, Christian,Loiseau, Philippe M.,Franck, Xavier,Hocquemiller, Reynald,Figadere, Bruno
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p. 815 - 820
(2007/10/03)
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- INHIBITORS OF HISTONE DEACETYLASE
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The invention relates to a series of compounds useful for inhibiting histone deacetylase (HDAC) enzymatic activity. The invention also provides a method for inhibiting histone descetylase in a cell using said compounds as well as a method for treating cell proliferative diseases and conditions using said HDAC inhibitors. Further, the invention provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the HDAC inhibiting compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.
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Page/Page column 158
(2010/02/14)
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- PHENYL CARBOXAMIDE AND SULFONAMIDE DERIVATIVES FOR USE AS 11-BETA-HYDROXYSTEROID DEHYDROGENASE
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There is provided a compound having Formula (I) R1-Z-R2 Formula (I) wherein R1 is an optionally substituted phenyl ring; R2 is or comprises an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and Z is -X-Y-L- or -Y-X-L- wherein either X is selected from -S(=O)(=O)- and -C(=O)-, and Y is -NR3-; or X is selected from -S(=O)(=O)- and -S-, and Y is -C(R4)(R5)-; L is an optional linker; and R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H and hydrocarbyl; and wherein when R2 comprises the following structural moiety, Formula (II) wherein Q is an atom selected from the group consisting of S, O, N and C; the compound is selected from compounds of the formulae R1-C(=O)-NR3-L-R2; R1-S(=O)(=O)-C(R4)(R5)-L-R2; R1-S-C(R4)(R5)-L-R2; R1-NR3-S(=O)(=O)-L-R2; R1-NR3-C(=O)-L-R2; R1-C(R4)(R5)-S(=O)(=O)-L-R2; and R1-C(R4)(R5)-S-L-R2. These compounds are useful as 11β-hydroxysteriod dehydrogenase inhibitors in the treatment of i.a. diabetes.
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Page/Page column 71
(2010/02/11)
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- Phototransformations of 6-X-5-nitroquinoxalines
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Photophysical properties and photochemical activity of 6-X-5- nitroquinoxalines with electron-donor substituents (X = H, CH3, Cl, OC2H5, NH2) ortho to the nitro group were studied. The quantum yield of the formation of 5-hydroxyquinoxaline from the corresponding nitro derivative depends on the nature of the substituent and irradiation conditions. Phototransformations can go through nitro-nitrite rearrangement with the participation of two alternative T(nπ*) levels, depending on the size and electronic effects of the substituent. The latter factor is largely determined by the population on excitation of different charge-transfer states involving the nitro group.
- Rtishchev,Selitrennikov
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p. 428 - 437
(2007/10/03)
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- Vanilloid receptor ligands and their use in treatments
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Compounds having the general structure and compositions containing them, for the treatment of acute, inflammatory and neuropathic pain, dental pain, general headache, migraine, cluster headache, mixed-vascular and non-vascular syndromes, tension headache, general inflammation, arthritis, rheumatic diseases, osteoarthritis, inflammatory bowel disorders, inflammatory eye disorders, inflammatory or unstable bladder disorders, psoriasis, skin complaints with inflammatory components, chronic inflammatory conditions, inflammatory pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, neuropathic pain and associated hyperalgesia and allodynia, diabetic neuropathy pain, causalgia, sympathetically maintained pain, deafferentation syndromes, asthma, epithelial tissue damage or dysfunction, herpes simplex, disturbances of visceral motility at respiratory, genitourinary, gastrointestinal or vascular regions, wounds, burns, allergic skin reactions, pruritis, vitiligo, general gastrointestinal disorders, gastric ulceration, duodenal ulcers, diarrhea, gastric lesions induced by necrotising agents, hair growth, vasomotor or allergic rhinitis, bronchial disorders or bladder disorders.
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- Methods for using (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) quinoxaline derivatives
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A method of treating a mammal comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount to provide a desired therapeutic effect in the mammal of a compound selected from the group consisting of those having the formula: and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof and mixtures thereof, wherein R1and R2each is selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the 2-imidazolin-2-ylamino group may be in any of the 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus, and R3, R4and R5each is located in one of the remaining 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus and is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, H and alkyl radicals containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Such compounds, when administered to a mammal, provide desired therapeutic effects, such as reduction in peripheral pain.
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- METHODS FOR USING (2-IMIDAZOLIN-2-YLAMINO) QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES
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A method of treating a mammal comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount to provide a desired therapeutic effect in the mammal of a compound selected from the group consisting of those having the formula: STR1 and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof and mixtures thereof, wherein R 1 and R 2 each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms and alkoxy radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the 2-imidazolin-2-ylamino group may be in any of the 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus, and R 3, R 4 and R 5 each is located in one of the remaining 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus and is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, H and alkyl radicals containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Such compounds, when administered to a mammal, provide treatment for ischemia.
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- Methods for using (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) quinoxaline derivatives
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A method of treating a mammal comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount to provide a desired therapeutic effect in the mammal of a compound selected from the group consisting of those having the formula: STR1 , pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof and mixtures thereof, wherein R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the R2 s are independently selected from H or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are, together, oxo; the R3 s are independently selected from H or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are, together, oxo; the 2-imidazolin-2-ylamino group may be in any of the 5-, 6, 7- or 8- positions of the quinoxaline nucleus; and R5, R6 and R7 each is located in one of the remaining 5-, 6-, 7- or 8- positions of the quinoxaline nucleus and is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, H and alkyl radicals having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Such compounds, when administered to a mammal, provide desired therapeutic effects, such as constriction of one or more blood vessels and decongestion of one or more nasal passages.
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- METHODS FOR USING (2-IMIDAZOLIN-2-YLAMINO) QUINOXALINE DERIVATIVES
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A method of treating a mammal comprises administering to a mammal an effective amount to provide a desired therapeutic effect in the mammal of a compound selected from the group consisting of those having the formula: STR1 ,pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof and mixtures thereof, wherein R 1 and R 4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; the R 2 s are independently selected from H or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are, together, oxo; the R 3 s are independently selected from H or alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or are, together, oxo; the 2-imidazolin-2-ylamino group may be in any of the 5-, 6, 7-or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus; and R 5, R 6 and R 7 each is located in one of the remaining 5-, 6-, 7-or 8-positions of the quinoxaline nucleus and is independently selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, H and alkyl radicals having 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Such compounds, when administered to a mammal, provide desired therapeutic effects, such as reduction in peripheral pain, anesthetization of the central nervous system, constriction of one or more blood vessels, reduction in or prevention of at least one effect of ischemia, decongestion of one or more nasal passages, and reduction of at least one effect of an inflammatory disorder.
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- (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) tetrahydroquinoxalines and methods for using same
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A compound selected from the group consisting of those having the formula: STR1 and pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts thereof, wherein R1 wherein R1 and R4 are independently selected from the group consisting of H and alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R2 and R3 are independently selected from the group consisting of H, OXO, and alkyl radicals containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the 2-imidazolin-2-ylamino group may be in any of the 5-, 6-, 7- or 8- positions of the quinoxaline nucleus, and R5, R6 and R7 each is located in one of the remaining 5-, 6-, 7- or 8- positions of the qunioxaline nucleus and is selected from the group consisting of Cl, Br, H and alkyl radicals containing 1 to 3 carbon atoms. Such compounds, when administered to a mammal, provide desired therapeutic effects, such as alteration in the rate of fluid transport in the gastrointestinal tract, reduction in intraocular pressure, and increase in renal fluid flow.
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- Method for using (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) quinoxalines to reduce or maintain intraocular pressure
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Certain (2-imidazolin-2-ylamino) quinoxalines are disclosed. Such quinoxalines reduce or maintain intraocular pressure when administered directly to the eye of a mammal.
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- PHOTOLYTIC RING-EXPANSIONS OF 4-AZIDOQUINOLINES AND 6-AZIDODIAZINES: SOME UNEXPECTED AZEPINE RING-OPENING REACTIONS
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Photolysis of 6-azidoquinazoline in MeOH-KOMe-dioxan yields 8,9-dihydro-5,7-dimethoxy-5H-pyrimidoazepine (5) which on acid hydrolysis ring-opens to the pyrimidine-carbaldehyde (7).The mechanism of formation of this unexpected dimethoxypyrimido-azepine is discussed and related to previous similar results involving 6-azido-2,3-dihydrofuro- and 6-azido-2,3-dihydrothienoquinolines. In contrast, 6-azidoquinoxaline and 6-azido-2-chloro-4-methylquinoline on photolysis under similar conditions undergo ring expansion to the expected pyrazino- and pyridoazepines (22a) and (17) respectively.However, photolysis of the latter azide in MeOH-dioxan yields the 3-(2-pyridyl)propenonitrile derivative (18) in a reaction analogous to that undergone by 6-azidophenazine.
- Hayes, Roy,Schofield, Joseph M.,Smalley, Robert K.,Scopes, David I. C.
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p. 2089 - 2096
(2007/10/02)
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