64265-26-5Relevant articles and documents
PROCESS FOR THE TRANSFORMATION OF LIGNOCELLULOSIC BIOMASS INTO MONO- OR POLY-OXYGENATED MOLECULES
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Paragraph 0122-0126, (2016/05/09)
The invention concerns a process for the transformation of lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose into mono- or poly-oxygenated compounds, in which the lignocellulosic biomass or the cellulose is brought into simultaneous contact with a catalytic system comprising a combination of one or more homogeneous catalysts and one or more heterogeneous catalysts, in the same reaction chamber, in the presence of at least one solvent, said solvent being water alone or as a mixture with at least one other solvent, in a reducing atmosphere, and at a temperature in the range 80° C. to 250° C. and at a pressure in the range 0.5 MPa to 20 MPa.
Experimental investigation of the low temperature oxidation of the five isomers of hexane
Wang, Zhandong,Herbinet, Olivier,Cheng, Zhanjun,Husson, Benoit,Fournet, Rene,Qi, Fei,Battin-Leclerc, Frederique
, p. 5573 - 5594 (2014/08/18)
The low-temperature oxidation of the five hexane isomers (n-hexane, 2-methyl-pentane, 3-methyl-pentane, 2,2-dimethylbutane, and 2,3-dimethylbutane) was studied in a jet-stirred reactor (JSR) at atmospheric pressure under stoichiometric conditions between 550 and 1000 K. The evolution of reactant and product mole fraction profiles were recorded as a function of the temperature using two analytical methods: gas chromatography and synchrotron vacuum ultraviolet photoionization mass spectrometry (SVUV-PIMS). Experimental data obtained with both methods were in good agreement for the five fuels. These data were used to compare the reactivity and the nature of the reaction products and their distribution. At low temperature (below 800 K), n-hexane was the most reactive isomer. The two methyl-pentane isomers have about the same reactivity, which was lower than that of n-hexane. 2,2-Dimethylbutane was less reactive than the two methyl-pentane isomers, and 2,3-dimethylbutane was the least reactive isomer. These observations are in good agreement with research octane numbers given in the literature. Cyclic ethers with rings including 3, 4, 5, and 6 atoms have been identified and quantified for the five fuels. While the cyclic ether distribution was notably more detailed than in other literature of JSR studies of branched alkane oxidation, some oxiranes were missing among the cyclic ethers expected from methyl-pentanes. Using SVUV-PIMS, the formation of C 2-C3 monocarboxylic acids, ketohydroperoxides, and species with two carbonyl groups have also been observed, supporting their possible formation from branched reactants. This is in line with what was previously experimentally demonstrated from linear fuels. Possible structures and ways of decomposition of the most probable ketohydroperoxides were discussed. Above 800 K, all five isomers have about the same reactivity, with a larger formation from branched alkanes of some unsaturated species, such as allene and propyne, which are known to be soot precursors.
Kinetics and thermal degradation of the fructose-methionine Amadori intermediates. GC-MS/SPECMA data bank identification of volatile aroma compounds
Vernin, Gaston,Metzger, Jacques,Boniface, Christian,Murello, Marie-Helene,Siouffi, Antoine,et al.
, p. 15 - 30 (2007/10/02)
Fructose-methionine Amadori intermediates, prepared from D-glucose and L-methionine, were purified by semi-preparative HPLC.Structural elucidation was achieved by 13C-NMR and mass spectrometry in the FAB+ and FAB- modes.Constant rates of formation of glucosylamine and the Amadori intermediate, and their thermal degradation into reductones and methionine as well as into diglucosylamine, were observed.Thermal degradation of the Amadori intermediate gives not only the well-known degradation products of the sugar moiety and methional (from the Strecker degradation of methionine), but also several heterocyclic compounds (pyridines, pyrazines, pyrroles, and furans).Some of them contain a methylthiopropyl group in their side chain.These new compounds were identified by the fragmentation rules and Kovats additive properties.Out of the 80 compounds isolated, ca. 70 were identified.
