- Dual Parasiticidal Activities of Phthalimides: Synthesis and Biological Profile against Trypanosoma cruzi and Plasmodium falciparum
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Chagas disease and malaria are two neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) that prevail in tropical and subtropical regions in 149 countries. Chagas is also present in Europe, the US and Australia due to immigration of asymptomatic infected individuals. In the absence of an effective vaccine, the control of both diseases relies on chemotherapy. However, the emergence of parasite drug resistance is rendering currently available drugs obsolete. Hence, it is crucial to develop new molecules. Phthalimides, thiosemicarbazones, and 1,3-thiazoles have been used as scaffolds to obtain antiplasmodial and anti-Trypanosoma cruzi agents. Herein we present the synthesis of 24 phthalimido-thiosemicarbazones (3 a–x) and 14 phthalimido-thiazoles (4 a–n) and the corresponding biological activity against T. cruzi, Plasmodium falciparum, and cytotoxicity against mammalian cell lines. Some of these compounds showed potent inhibition of T. cruzi at low cytotoxic concentrations in RAW 264.7 cells. The most active compounds, 3 t (IC50=3.60 μM), 3 h (IC50=3.75 μM), and 4 j (IC50=4.48 μM), were more active than the control drug benznidazole (IC50=14.6 μM). Overall, the phthalimido-thiosemicarbazone derivatives were more potent than phthalimido-thiazole derivatives against T. cruzi. Flow cytometry assay data showed that compound 4 j was able to induce necrosis and apoptosis in trypomastigotes. Analysis by scanning electron microscopy showed that T. cruzi trypomastigote cells treated with compounds 3 h, 3 t, and 4 j at IC50 concentrations promoted changes in the shape, flagella, and surface of the parasite body similar to those observed in benznidazole-treated cells. The compounds with the highest antimalarial activity were the phthalimido-thiazoles 4 l (IC50=1.2 μM), 4 m (IC50=1.7 μM), and 4 n (IC50=2.4 μM). Together, these data revealed that phthalimido derivatives possess a dual antiparasitic profile with potential effects against T. cruzi and lead-like characteristics.
- Teixeira de Moraes Gomes, Paulo André,Veríssimo de Oliveira Cardoso, Marcos,dos Santos, Ignes Regina,Amaro de Sousa, Fabiano,da Concei??o, Juliana Maria,Gouveia de Melo Silva, Vanessa,Duarte, Denise,Pereira, Raquel,Oliveira, Rafael,Nogueira, Fátima,Alves, Luiz Carlos,Brayner, Fabio André,da Silva Santos, Aline Caroline,Rêgo Alves Pereira, Valéria,Lima Leite, Ana Cristina
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p. 2164 - 2175
(2020/10/21)
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- Inhibition of hedgehog signaling by stereochemically defined des-triazole itraconazole analogues
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Dysregulation of the hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway is associated with cancer occurrence and development in various malignancies. Previous structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies have provided potent Itraconazole (ITZ) analogues as Hh pathway antagonists. To further expand on our SAR for the ITZ scaffold, we synthesized and evaluated a series of compounds focused on replacing the triazole. Our results demonstrate that the triazole region is amenable to modification to a variety of different moieties; with a single methyl group representing the most favorable substituent. In addition, nonpolar substituents were more active than polar substituents. These SAR results provide valuable insight into the continued exploration of ITZ analogues as Hh pathway antagonists.
- Wen, Jiachen,Teske, Kelly A.,Kyle Hadden
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supporting information
(2020/01/02)
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- Synthesis, Binding Mode, and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Potent and Selective (5-Imidazol-2-yl-4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)[2-(2-pyridylamino)ethyl]amine Inhibitors of Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3
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In an effort to identify new antidiabetic agents, we have discovered a novel family of (5-imidazol-2-yl-4-phenylpyrimidin-2-yl)[2-(2-pyridylamino)ethyl]amine analogues which are inhibitors of human glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). We developed efficient synthetic routes to explore a wide variety of substitution patterns and convergently access a diverse array of analogues. Compound 1 (CHIR-911, CT-99021, or CHIR-73911) emerged from an exploration of heterocycles at the C-5 position, phenyl groups at C-4, and a variety of differently substituted linker and aminopyridine moieties attached at the C-2 position. These compounds exhibited GSK3 IC50s in the low nanomolar range and excellent selectivity. They activate glycogen synthase in insulin receptor-expressing CHO-IR cells and primary rat hepatocytes. Evaluation of lead compounds 1 and 2 (CHIR-611 or CT-98014) in rodent models of type 2 diabetes revealed that single oral doses lowered hyperglycemia within 60 min, enhanced insulin-stimulated glucose transport, and improved glucose disposal without increasing insulin levels.
- Wagman, Allan S.,Boyce, Rustum S.,Brown, Sean P.,Fang, Eric,Goff, Dane,Jansen, Johanna M.,Le, Vincent P.,Levine, Barry H.,Ng, Simon C.,Ni, Zhi-Jie,Nuss, John M.,Pfister, Keith B.,Ramurthy, Savithri,Renhowe, Paul A.,Ring, David B.,Shu, Wei,Subramanian, Sharadha,Zhou, Xiaohui A.,Shafer, Cynthia M.,Harrison, Stephen D.,Johnson, Kirk W.,Bussiere, Dirksen E.
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p. 8482 - 8514
(2017/11/03)
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- Design and synthesis of tricyclic corticotropin-releasing factor-1 antagonists
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Antagonists of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) neuropeptide should prove to be effective in treating stress and anxiety-related disorders. In an effort to identify antagonists with improved physicochemical properties, new tricyclic CRF1/sub
- Gross, Raymond S.,Guo, Zhiqiang,Dyck, Brian,Coon, Tim,Huang, Charles Q.,Lowe, Richard F.,Marinkovic, Dragan,Moorjani, Manisha,Nelson, Jodene,Zamani-Kord, Said,Grigoriadis, Dimitri E.,Hoare, Sam R. J.,Crowe, Paul D.,Bu, Jane Han,Haddach, Mustapha,McCarthy, James,Saunders, John,Sullivan, Robert,Chen, TaKung,Williams, John P.
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p. 5780 - 5793
(2007/10/03)
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- Inhibitors of glycogen synthase kinase 3
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New pyrimidine or pyridine based compounds, compositions and methods of inhibiting the activity of glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3) in vitro and of treatment of GSK3 mediated disorders in vivo are provided. The methods, compounds and compositions of the invention may be employed alone, or in combination with other pharmacologically active agents in the treatment of disorders mediated by GSK3 activity, such as diabetes, Alzheimer's disease and other neurodegenerative disorders, obesity, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, essential hypertension, polycystic ovary syndrome, syndrome X, ischemia, traumatic brain injury, bipolar disorder, immunodeficiency or cancer.
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- New Anticancer Agents: Synthesis of 1,2-Dihydropyridopyrizines (1-Deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines)
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Reaction of α-aminoacetophenone oximes (2) with ethyl 6-amino-4-chloro-5-nitropyridine-2-carbamate (1) gave ethyl 6-amino-5-nitro-4-pyridine-2-carbamate oximes (3), which were hydrolyzed under acidic conditions to give the corresponding ketones (4).Related pyridines substituted with keto side chain were prepared from 1 and 1,3-diaminopropanone oximes and by oxidation of the side-chain hydroxy group of ethyl 6-amino-4-amino>-5-nitropyridine-7-carbamates (6).Catalytic hydrogenation of the nitro group of 4 over Raney nickel in a large volume of ethanol gave the 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines (7).Several of the oximes 3 were successfully hydrogenated to give 7 directly.The resulting 1-deaza-7,8-dihydropteridines showed potent cytotoxicity against cultured L1210 cells and significant anticancer activity against lymphocytic leukemia P-388 in mice.THese biological activities are attributed to the accumulation of cells at mitosis.
- Temple, Carroll,Wheeler, Glynn P.,Elliott, Robert D.,Rose, Jerry D.,Kussner, Conrad L.,et al.
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p. 1045 - 1050
(2007/10/02)
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