- Acetaminophen prodrug: Microwave-assisted synthesis and in vitro metabolism evaluation by mass spectrometry
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Propacetamol is an acetaminophen prodrug of intravenous administration used to control fever and pain of perioperative period in multimodal analgesia therapy. After injection, it is completely converted by plasma esterases into N,N-diethylglycine and acetaminophen, its active metabolite whose mechanism of action is the inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis. Herein, we report an improved protocol for the synthesis of propacetamol hydrochloride that allows the isolation of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with high purity and yield. In addition, the in vitro metabolism of propacetamol in a microssomal reaction was evaluated by ion trap tandem mass spectrometry.
- Murie, Valter E.,Marques, Lucas M.M.,Souza, Glória E.P.,Oliveira, Anderson R.M.,Lopes, Norberto P.,Clososkic, Giuliano C.
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p. 1121 - 1128
(2016/07/06)
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- Improved propacetamol hydrochloride preparation process
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The invention belongs to the field of synthesis of organic matters with carbon rings and provides an improved propacetamol hydrochloride preparation process. The process comprises: 1) carrying out acylation reaction to synthesize 4-acetamido phenol chlora
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Paragraph 0027-0031
(2017/01/12)
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- N,N′-Dialkylaminoalkylcarbonyl (DAAC) prodrugs and aminoalkylcarbonyl (AAC) prodrugs of 4-hydroxyacetanilide and naltrexone with improved skin permeation properties
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N,N′-Dialkylaminoalkylcarbonyl (DAAC) and aminoalkylcarbonyl (AAC) prodrugs of phenolic drugs acetaminophen (APAP) and naltrexone (NTX) are reported. The effects of incorporation of a basic amine group into the promoiety of an acyl prodrug of a phenolic drug on its skin permeation properties are also presented. DAAC-APAP prodrugs were synthesized via a three-step procedure starting with haloalkylcarbonyl esters which were reacted with five different amines: dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, morpholine, and piperidine. The spacing between the amino group and the carbonyl group of the acyl group was 1-3 CH2. After the hydrolysis of the ester, the carboxylic acid product was subsequently coupled with the parent drug via a dicyclohexyl carbodiimide (DCC) mediated coupling to yield the DAAC-APAP-HCl prodrugs in excellent yields. The AAC prodrugs were synthesized using commercially available Boc-protected amino acids using DCC or EDCI as coupling agents. The yields of the prodrugs synthesized using these two different methods have been compared. Half-lives (t1/2) of a few members of the DAAC and AAC series were measured in buffer (pH 6.0, 20 mM). The members evaluated in hydrolysis experiments exhibit a t1/2 range of 15-113 min. Among AAC-APAP prodrugs, the isopropyl group in valinate-APAP-HCl exerted a steric effect that increased the t1/2 value for this prodrug compared to alaninate-APAP-HCl or prolinate-APAP-HCl. The 2-morpholinylacetate-APAP prodrug was able to achieve twice the flux of APAP in in vitro diffusion cell experiments through hairless mouse skin.
- Devarajan-Ketha,Sloan
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 4078 - 4082
(2011/08/06)
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