- An Amphiphilic (salen)Co Complex – Utilizing Hydrophobic Interactions to Enhance the Efficiency of a Cooperative Catalyst
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An amphiphilic (salen)Co(III) complex is presented that accelerates the hydrolytic kinetic resolution (HKR) of epoxides almost 10 times faster than catalysts from commercially available sources. This was achieved by introducing hydrophobic chains that increase the rate of reaction in one of two ways – by enhancing cooperativity under homogeneous conditions, and increasing the interfacial area under biphasic reaction conditions. While numerous strategies have been employed to increase the efficiency of cooperative catalysts, the utilization of hydrophobic interactions is scarce. With the recent upsurge in green chemistry methods that conduct reactions ‘on water’ and at the oil-water interface, the introduction of hydrophobic interactions has potential to become a general strategy for enhancing the catalytic efficiency of cooperative catalytic systems. (Figure presented.).
- Solís-Mu?ana, Pablo,Salam, Joanne,Ren, Chloe Z.-J.,Carr, Bronte,Whitten, Andrew E.,Warr, Gregory G.,Chen, Jack L.-Y.
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supporting information
p. 3207 - 3213
(2021/06/01)
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- A broadly applicable and practical oligomeric (salen)Co catalyst for enantioselective epoxide ring-opening reactions
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The (salen)Co catalyst (4a) can be prepared as a mixture of cyclic oligomers in a short, chromatography-free synthesis from inexpensive, commercially available precursors. This catalyst displays remarkable enhancements in reactivity and enantioselectivity relative to monomeric and other multimeric (salen)Co catalysts in a wide variety of enantioselective epoxide ring-opening reactions. The application of catalyst 4a is illustrated in the kinetic resolution of terminal epoxides by nucleophilic ring-opening with water, phenols, and primary alcohols; the desymmetrization of meso epoxides by addition of water and carbamates; and the desymmetrization of oxetanes by intramolecular ring opening with alcohols and phenols. The favorable solubility properties of complex 4a under the catalytic conditions facilitated mechanistic studies, allowing elucidation of the basis for the beneficial effect of oligomerization. Finally, a catalyst selection guide is provided to delineate the specific advantages of oligomeric catalyst 4a relative to (salen)Co monomer 1 for each reaction class.
- White, David E.,Tadross, Pamela M.,Lu, Zhe,Jacobsen, Eric N.
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supporting information
p. 4165 - 4180
(2014/06/09)
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- Enantioselective catalytic addition of HCN to ketoimines. Catalytic synthesis of quaternary amino acids.
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[formula: see text] Highly enantioselective addition of HCN to ketoimines has been achieved for the first time using readily accessible and recyclable Schiff base catalysts. Essentially quantitative isolated yield and enantioselectivity of up to 95% ee wa
- Vachal,Jacobsen
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p. 867 - 870
(2007/10/03)
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