- Raney Ni-Al alloy-mediated reduction of alkylated phenols in water
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Raney Ni-Al alloy in a dilute aqueous alkaline solution has been shown to be a very powerful reducing agent in the hydrogenation of phenol and alkylated phenols to the corresponding cyclohexanol derivatives.
- Tan, Song-Liang,Liu, Guo-Bin,Gao, Xiang,Thiemann, Thies
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experimental part
p. 5 - 7
(2009/09/06)
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- Aliphatic Liquid Crystals, 2. Some Nematic Derivatives of all-trans-Perhydrophenanthrene
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A stereoselective synthesis of the all-trans-7-alkylperhydro-2-phenanthrenols 15a-f in 11 steps and 28 liquid crystalline esters 16 of 15a-f are described, additionally some further derivatives of 7-alkylperhydro-2-phenanthrenol.An X-ray structure analysis of ester 16ec is reported.
- Sucrow, Wolfgang,Minas, Hermann,Stegemeyer, Horst,Geschwinder, Peter,Murawski, Hans-Ruediger,Krueger, Carl
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p. 3332 - 3349
(2007/10/02)
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- The Thermal Properties of (4-Substituted Cyclohexyl) 4-Substituted Cinnamates
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The thermal properties for a homologous series of 4-alkylcyclohexyl 4-alkoxy- and 4-cyanocinnamates are examined.They exhibit nematic phases with low melting points.The effect of the cyclohexyl group on the mesophase stability is discussed.
- Hayashi, Shigetsugu,Takenaka, Shunsuke,Kusabayashi, Shigekazu
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p. 283 - 284
(2007/10/02)
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- Liquid crystal substituted trans-4-n-alkylcyclohexanes and subst.-3-subst.-benzoyloxy-[trans-4-n-alkylcyclohexane]s
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The invention relates to liquid crystal nematic substances for electro-optical devices for the modulation of light, for the reproduction of numerals, signs and images as well as an orienting medium for spectroscopy and gas chromatography.It was found that compounds containing two or three rings, connected by carboxyl groups are new liquid crystal nematic substances of the general formula STR1 where R 1 =C n H 2n+1, CN; R 2 =C m H 2m+1, CN;R 3 =H, CH 3, C 2 H 5 Cl, Br; x=0 or 1; m,n=numbers from 1 to 10 are suitable for electro-optical arrangements for the modulation of transmitted or reflected light as well as for the reproduction of numeral signals and images, and further, as an orienting medium for spectroscopy and gas chromotography.Other liquid crystal substances or non-liquid crystalline substances, particularly dyes, may be added to the substances according to the invention.
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- ENZYMATIC "IN VITRO" REDUCTIONS OF KETONES. PART 12. REDUCTION OF 1-ALKYL-4-PIPERIDONES IN AN ETHANOL-NAD+-HLAD-SYSTEM.
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The steady state initial rate equation for a ketone-ethanol-NAD+-HLAD recycling system is checked for 1-n-butyl-4-piperidone.All reaction parameters are discussed in order to optimize the reduction of this substrate.For a series of 1-alkyl-4-piperidones the thermodynamic activation parameters for the reduction in this system are determined and discussed.
- Luppen, Jaymes Van,Lepoivre, Jozef,Lemiere, Guy,Alderweireldt, Frank
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p. 749 - 761
(2007/10/02)
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- ENZYMATIC "IN VITRO" REDUCTION OF KETONES. Part 10. Study of 3-Acetylpyridine Adenine Dinucleotide in a Co-enzyme Recycling System Ethanol-Ketone-3-AcPyAD+-HLAD
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The NAD+ analogue 3-acetylpyridine adenine dinucleotide (3-AcPyAD+) has been studied in the co-enzyme recycling system ethanol-ketone-3-AcPyAD+-HLAD.All reaction parameters are tested in analogous conditions as for the NAD+-recycling system.The stereospecificity of the new system is investigated for the reduction of 4-, 3- and 2-alkylcyclohexanones.The new recycling system is kinetically and stereochemically very similar to the NAD+ system, but 3.2 times slower.
- Lemiere, Guy L.,Jaco, Jan,Merckx, Erik M.,Lepoivre, Josef A.,Alderweireldt, Frank C.
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p. 747 - 752
(2007/10/02)
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- ENZYMATIC "IN VITRO" REDUCTION OF KETONES. VI.(1) Reduction rates and stereochemistry of the HLAD-catalyzed reduction of 3-alkyl- and 4-alkylcyclohexanones.
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Reaction rate constants for the catalytic step HLAD-NADH + ketone * HLAD-NAD+ + alcohol in the HLAD-catalyzed reduction of 3-alkyl- and 4-alkylcyclohexanones are determined from initial rate measurements in the coenzyme recycling system ketone-ethanol-NAD+-HLAD.By rate measurements at several temperatures, activation parameters were determined and isokinetic relationships tracked down.Two different isokinetic relationships show that the 3-alkylcyclohexanones pass through an other type of transition state than cyclohexanone and the 4-alkylcyclohexanones, which means that they have a different arrangement on the HLAD-NADH complex.The results are rationalized in view of the most recent principles on nucleophilic additions to carbonyl functions.The resulting model for the HLAD-catalyzed reduction adequately explains the observed rate accelerating and decelerating effects and the stereochemistry of the reduction as well.
- Osselaer, T. A. Van,Lemiere, G. L.,Lepoivre, J. A.,Alderweireldt, F. C.
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p. 133 - 150
(2007/10/02)
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