- The hydrophilic ionic liquid at room temperature and its use (by machine translation)
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PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To provide a novel ionic liquid that has a cation structure apt to become liquid, and is highly hydrophilic, particularly highly water-soluble, and use thereof.SOLUTION: This invention provides a hydrophilic room-temperature ionic liquid including a cation and an anion, the cation being a quaternary ammonium cation of the formula (I), where Rs independently represent a 2-8C straight-chain or branched-chain polyhydroxyalkyl group having two or more hydroxy groups, Rs independently represent a hydrogen atom or a 1-5C straight-chain or branched-chain monohydroxyalkyl group, and n represents an integer of 1-4.
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Paragraph 0099; 0100; 0237; 0253
(2018/10/24)
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- Ionic liquids grafted onto graphene oxide as a new multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst and its application in the one-pot multi-component synthesis of hexahydroquinolines
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In this paper, tris(hydroxymethyl)methylene ammonium acetate supported on GO as a new multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst was synthesized. After its characterization by different techniques such as FT-IR, TEM, FESEM, EDS, XPS, solid-state MAS NMR and elemental analysis, it was used as an efficient catalyst for the synthesis of hexahydroquinolines (HHQs) via a one-pot multi-component reaction. Different HHQs were synthesized in the presence of this heterogeneous metal-free catalyst in good to high yields at room temperature under solvent-free conditions. The catalyst was easily separated and reused at least five times without significant loss of activity. The acidic nature of GO improved the catalytic activity of the supported ILs and also provided heterogeneity to the ILs. This is the first report for the synthesis of HHQs in the presence of a multifunctional heterogeneous catalyst.
- Sobhani, Sara,Zarifi, Farzaneh,Skibsted, J?rgen
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p. 6219 - 6225
(2017/07/17)
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- Salt effects on solvolysis reactions of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates catalyzed by 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine-functionalized polymer in buffered water and aqueous methanol solutions
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Specific salting-in effects that lead to striking substrate selectivity were observed for the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl alkanoates 2 (n = 2-16) catalyzed by 4-(dialkylamino)pyridine-functionalized polymer 1 in aqueous Tris buffer solution at pH 8.0 and 30°C. Macromolecule 1 was found to exhibit clear substrate preference for 2 (n = 6) in 0.05 M aqueous Tris buffer solution, as contrasted with the corresponding reaction in 0.05 M aqueous phosphate or borate buffer solutions where the substrate selectivity is absent. The formation of a reactive catalyst substrate complex, 1·2, appears to be promoted by the presence of tris(hydroxymethyl)methylammonium ion, an efficient salting-in agent, from the Tris buffer system. The salting-in effect on formation of 1·2 complex is presumed responsible for the substrate specificity. The salting-out effects of sodium chloride on the solvolysis of 2 catalyzed by 1 were also investigated in 1:1 (v/v) methanol-water solution at pH 8.0 and 30°C. The rate of 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n = 10-16) was found to vary inversely with NaCl concentration (0-1.0 M). The magnitude of the salting-out effects is dependent on the alkyl chain length in 2 and the concentrations of 1 and NaCl. At 7.5 x 10-5 unit mol L-1 1 and 0-1.0 M NaCl the order of reactivity for 2 (n = 10-16) was n = 10 > 12 > 14 > 16. However, at 5.0 x 10-6 unit mol L-1 1, a revised reactivity order, 2, n = 14 > 12 > 16, was obtained at [NaCl] 0.15 M. A significant decrease in the substrate preference for 1-catalyzed solvolysis of 2 (n = 10-16) was observed at higher NaCl concentrations. We suggest that the reduced catalytic efficiency and selectivity expressed by 1 in the presence of sodium chloride should be attributed to changes in the morphology and composition of aggregates containing 1 and 2 in aqueous methanol solution that lead to decreased dependence of aggregate formation on the hydrophobicity of the substrate.
- Wang, Guang-Jia,Ye, Donghao,Fife, Wilmer K.
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p. 12536 - 12540
(2007/10/03)
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- Ouabain triacetate derivative compounds
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A method for performing a diagnostic immunoassay by solid phase separation for digoxin. To a reaction mixture of a test sample and labeled anti-digoxin antibody, which forms a complex of any digoxin present in the test sample, is added a solid phase material having an immobilized ouabain triacetate derivative compound capable of binding any excess labeled antibody. The solid phase material is chosen to rapidly settle whereby a solid and liquid phase is formed. The liquid phase can then be extracted to measure the amount of digoxin-labeled antibody present therein. Ouabain triacetate derivative compounds possess sufficient affinity for anti-digoxin antibodies, and are therefore useful in a solid phase separation based digoxin immunoassay for settling out such antibodies without contributing to undesired background interference. These compounds are also less deleterious to assay performance because of low recognition when leached from the solid phase matrix thereby providing solid phase material with extended shelf life.
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