- Design, synthesis, and evaluation of novel (E)-N'-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy)benzylidene-2-(4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazides as antitumor agents
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In our continuing search for novel small-molecule anticancer agents, we designed and synthesized a series of novel (E)-N'-(3-allyl-2-hydroxy)benzylidene-2-(4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazides (5), focusing on the modification of substitution in the quinazolin-4(3H)-one moiety. The biological evaluation showed that all 13 designed and synthesized compounds displayed significant cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon cancer; PC-3, prostate cancer; NCI-H23, lung cancer). The most potent compound 5l displayed cytotoxicity up to 213-fold more potent than 5-fluorouracil and 87-fold more potent than PAC-1, the first procaspase-activating compound. Structure–activity relationship analysis revealed that substitution of either electron-withdrawing or electron-releasing groups at positions 6 or 7 on the quinazolin-4(3H)-4-one moiety increased the cytotoxicity of the compounds, but substitution at position 6 seemed to be more favorable. In the caspase activation assay, compound 5l was found to activate the caspase activity by 291% in comparison to PAC-1, which was used as a control. Further docking simulation also revealed that this compound may be a potent allosteric inhibitor of procaspase-3 through chelation of the inhibitory zinc ion. Physicochemical and ADMET calculations for 5l provided useful information of its suitable absorption profile and some toxicological effects that need further optimization to be developed as a promising anticancer agent.
- Dung, Do T. M.,Park, Eun J.,Anh, Duong T.,Hai, Pham-The,Huy, Le D.,Jun, Hye W.,Kwon, Joo-Hee,Young Ji,Kang, Jong S.,Tung, Truong T.,Dung, Phan T. P.,Han, Sang-Bae,Nam, Nguyen-Hai
-
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- Visible-Light Photosynthesis of CHF2/CClF2/CBrF2-Substituted Ring-fused Quinazolinones in Dimethyl Carbonate
-
With eco-friendly and sustainable CO2-derived dimethyl carbonate as the sole solvent, the visible-light-induced cascade radical reactions have been established as a green and efficient tool for constructing various CHF2/CClF2/CBrF2-substituted ring-fused quinazolinones.
- Gui, Qing-Wen,He, Wei-Min,Huang, Wen-Jie,Lu, Zi-Qin,Ouyang, Wen-Tao,Teng, Fan,Xun, Changping,Yang, Hao,Zhu, Meng-Xue
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- Isoxazole formamido-4 (3H)-quinazolinone derivative as well as synthesis method and application thereof
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The invention relates to a 6-(isoxazolyl-3-formamido)-4 (3H)-quinazolinone derivative as well as a synthesis method and application thereof, belongs to the technical field of medicines, and relates to a general formula (I) in which R1, R2 and R3 are different substituent groups. The invention discloses structures and synthesis methods of the compounds, inhibitory activity of acetylcholin esterase and inhibitory activity of protein tyrosine phosphatase, and the compounds can be further developed into drugs for treating Alzheimer's disease.
- -
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Paragraph 0020; 0026-0027
(2021/06/06)
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- Synthesis, Anti-Tomato Spotted Wilt Virus Activities, and Interaction Mechanisms of Novel Dithioacetal Derivatives Containing a 4(3 H)-Quinazolinone Pyrimidine Ring
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A series of unreported novel dithioacetal derivatives containing a 4(3H)-quinazolinone pyrimidine ring were synthesized, and their antiviral activities were evaluated against tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV). A three-dimensional quantitative structure-activity relationship (3D-QSAR) analysis was established, and compound D32 was designed and synthesized according to the analysis results of the CoMFA and CoMSIA models. The bioassay results showed that compound D32 exhibited excellent inactivation activity against TSWV, with EC50 values of 144 μg/mL, which was better than those of ningnanmycin (149 μg/mL) and the lead compound xiangcaoliusuobingmi (525 μg/mL). The binding ability of compound D32 to TSWV CP was tested by microscale thermophoresis (MST), and the binding constant value was 4.4 μM, which was better than those of ningnanmycin (6.2 μM) and xiangcaoliusuobingmi (59.1 μM). Therefore, this study indicates that novel dithioacetal derivatives containing a 4(3H)-quinazolinone pyrimidine ring may be applied as new antiviral agents.
- Chen, Jixiang,Hu, Deyu,Song, Baoan,Zu, Guangcheng
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p. 14459 - 14466
(2021/12/06)
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- Discovery of quinazolinyl-containing benzamides derivatives as novel HDAC1 inhibitors with in vitro and in vivo antitumor activities
-
A series of quinazolinyl-containing benzamide derivatives were designed, synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1) inhibitory activities. Compounds 11a surpassed the known class I selective HDAC inhibitor MS-275 in both HDAC1 enzymatic inhibitory activity and cellular anti-proliferative activity against a selected set of cancer cell types (Hut78, K562, Hep3B and HCT116 cells) with no observed effects on human normal cells. In particular, compound 11a inhibited HDAC1 over the other tested HDACs isoforms (HDAC2, HDAC6 and HDAC8) with acceptable safety profiles. Moreover, compound 11a displayed favorable oral pharmacokinetic properties and showed significant antitumor activity in the A549 tumor xenograft model in vivo.
- Zhang, Zixue,Zhang, Qingwei,Zhang, Hao,Jiao, Minru,Guo, Zheng,Peng, Xinyan,Fu, Lei,Li, Jianqi
-
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- Discovery of Potent EGFR Inhibitors With 6-Arylureido-4-anilinoquinazoline Derivatives
-
According to the classical pharmacophore fusion strategy, a series of 6-arylureido-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives (Compounds 7a–t) were designed, synthesized, and biologically evaluated by the standard CCK-8 method and enzyme inhibition assay. Among the title compounds, Compounds 7a, 7c, 7d, 7f, 7i, 7o, 7p, and 7q exhibited promising anti-proliferative bioactivities, especially Compound 7i, which had excellent antitumor activity against the A549, HT-29, and MCF-7 cell lines (IC50 = 2.25, 1.72, and 2.81?μM, respectively) compared with gefitinib, erlotinib, and sorafenib. In addition, the enzyme activity inhibition assay indicated that the synthesized compounds had sub-micromolar inhibitory levels (IC50, 11.66–867.1?nM), which was consistent with the results of the tumor cell line growth inhibition tests. By comparing the binding mechanisms of Compound 7i (17.32?nM), gefitinib (25.42?nM), and erlotinib (33.25?nM) to the EGFR, it was found that Compound 7i could extend into the effective region with a similar action conformation to that of gefitinib and interact with residues L85, D86, and R127, increasing the binding affinity of Compound 7i to the EGFR. Based on the molecular hybridization strategy, 14 compounds with EGFR inhibitory activity were designed and synthesized, and the action mechanism was explored through computational approaches, providing valuable clues for the research of antitumor agents based on EGFR inhibitors.
- Li, Meng,Xue, Na,Liu, Xingang,Wang, Qiaoyun,Yan, Hongyi,Liu, Yifan,Wang, Lei,Shi, Xiaowei,Cao, Deying,Zhang, Kai,Zhang, Yang
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- Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of Quinazolonethiazoles as New Potential Conquerors towards Pseudomonas Aeruginosa
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Novel quinazolonthiazoles were designed and synthesized as new potential antimicrobial agents by facile multi-step procedure from o-aminobenzoic acids and 2-acetylthiazole. A series of biological evaluation showed that compound 7d was the most effective quinazolonethiazole with superior activity to reference drugs chloramphenicol and norfloxacin. This active molecule displayed unobvious bacterial resistance against P. aeruginosa, the low toxicity to normal hepatocytes, suitable pharmacokinetics and drug-likeness. The preliminary biological interaction suggested that quinazolonethiazole 7d might induce bacterial death by disturbing the membrane permeability, whilst preventing bacteria from growth by integrating into DNA and binding with topoisomerase IV. These findings provided significant background for the further development of quinazolonethiazoles as new potential drugs in combating drug-resistant pathogens.
- Wang, Jie,Battini, Narsaiah,Ansari, Mohammad Fawad,Zhou, Cheng-He
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p. 1093 - 1103
(2021/04/29)
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- 6-Nitro-Quinazolin?4(3H)?one Exhibits Photodynamic Effects and Photodegrades Human Melanoma Cell Lines. A Study on the Photoreactivity of Simple Quinazolin?4(3H)?ones
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Photochemo and photodynamic therapies are minimally invasive approaches for the treatment of cancers and powerful weapons for competing bacterial resistance to antibiotics. Synthetic and naturally occurring quinazolinones are considered privileged anticancer and antibacterial agents, with several of them to have emerged as commercially available drugs. In the present study, applying a single-step green microwave irradiation mediated protocol we have synthesized eleven quinazolinon?4(3H)?ones, from cheap readily available anthranilic acids, in very good yields and purity. These products were irradiated in the presence of pBR322 plasmid DNA under UVB, UVA and visible light. Four of the compounds proved to be very effective DNA photocleavers, at low concentrations, being time and concentration dependent as well as pH independent. Participation of reactive oxygen species was related to the substitution of quinazolinone derivatives. 6-Nitro-quinazolinone in combination with UVA irradiation was found to be in vitro photodestructive for three cell lines; glioblastoma (U87MG and T98G) and mainly melanoma (A?375). Thus, certain appropriately substituted quinazolinones may serve as new lead photosensitizers for the development of promising biotechnological applications and as novel photochemo and photodynamic therapeutics.
- Panagopoulos, Anastasios,Balalas, Thomas,Mitrakas, Achilleas,Vrazas, Vassilios,Katsani, Katerina R.,Koumbis, Alexandros E.,Koukourakis, Michael I.,Litinas, Konstantinos E.,Fylaktakidou, Konstantina C.
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p. 826 - 836
(2021/02/03)
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- Method for photocatalytic synthesis of quinazolinone compound in aqueous phase (by machine translation)
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The method comprises the following steps: taking the compound of the formula (I) and the compound of the formula (II) as a solvent, adding a photocatalyst and a phase transfer catalyst to obtain the quinazolinone compound (III) under the condition of alkali and visible light. Compared with the prior art, the method not only can be applied to a large amount of functional groups, has high yield, few byproducts, and is simple and safe to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly. Wherein R is hydrogen or R1 Is H, C1 - C4 alkoxy, halogen or nitro; R2 Is H, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 2 - pyridyl or 2 - thienyl; the substituted phenyl is phenyl substituted by amino, nitro, C1 - C4 alkyl or C1 - C4 alkoxy. (by machine translation)
- -
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Paragraph 0030; 0031; 0032; 0033; 0058; 0059
(2020/11/22)
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- Method for synthesizing quinazolinone compound by photo-catalyzing alcohol oxidation in water phase
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The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a quinazolinone compound by photo-catalyzing alcohol oxidation in a water phase, which comprises the following steps: by taking a compound shown as aformula (I) and a compound shown as a formula (II) as raw materials and water as a solvent, adding a visible light catalyst, and reacting under the conditions of alkali and visible light to obtain a quinazolinone compound (III). The method for preparing the quinazolinone compound is environmentally friendly, easy and convenient to operate, safe, cheap and efficient. Compared with the prior art, the method is applicable to a large number of functional groups, high in yield, few in byproducts, simple and safe to operate, low in cost and environment-friendly; wherein R1 is H, C1-C4 alkoxy, halogen or nitro; and R2 is H, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, 2-pyridyl, 2-thienyl or 5-methylfuryl.
- -
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Paragraph 0028-0031; 0052-0053
(2020/10/29)
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- Design of Turn-On Near-Infrared Fluorescent Probes for Highly Sensitive and Selective Monitoring of Biopolymers
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Simple, sensitive, and selective detection of specific biopolymers is critical in a broad range of biomedical and technological areas. We present a design of turn-on near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes with intrinsically high signal-to-background ratio
- Ducharme, Gerard T.,LaCasse, Zane,Nesterov, Evgueni E.,Nesterova, Irina V.,Sheth, Tanya
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supporting information
p. 8440 - 8444
(2020/03/24)
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- Synthesis and evaluation of new 4(3H)-Quinazolinone derivatives as potential anticancer agents
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A series of new 4(3H)-quinazolinones were synthesized and evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against a set of human cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7 (breast), HCT-116 and HT-29 (colon) and A549 (lung). Among the tested compounds, 22a exhibited p
- Gatadi, Srikanth,Pulivendala, Gauthami,Gour, Jitendra,Malasala, Satyaveni,Bujji, Sushmitha,Parupalli, Ramulu,Shaikh, Mujahid,Godugu, Chandraiah,Nanduri, Srinivas
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- Preparation method of medicine for treating bile duct cancer
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The invention belongs to the field of medical industry, and discloses a preparation method of a medicine for treating bile duct cancer. The preparation method of the drug Varlitinib for treating bileduct cancer comprises the following steps: with 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid as a starting material, carrying out cyclization and chlorination on 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid and methylimidazole acetateso as to synthesize an intermediate I; with 2-chloro-5-nitrophenol as a starting material, carrying out 2-chloromethylthiazole substitution and nitro reduction to synthesize an intermediate II; with1-amino-2-propanol as a starting material, carrying out a cyclization reaction of BTC, and carrying out chlorination to synthesize an intermediate III; and carrying out C-N coupling and nitro reduction on the intermediate I and the intermediate II, and finally carrying out a C-N coupling reaction on the intermediate I and the intermediate II and an intermediate III to synthesize Varlitinib. The method is simple and convenient to synthesize, short in route, economical in raw materials, high in yield, friendly to environment and suitable for industrial production.
- -
-
Paragraph 0016; 0028; 0033
(2020/08/23)
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- Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of 4-aniline quinazoline derivatives conjugated with hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors as potent EGFR inhibitors against L858R resistance mutation
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In this study, a series of 4-aniline quinazoline derivatives bearing hydrogen sulfide (H2S) donors were designed, synthesized and evaluated for biological activities. The synthesized compounds were screened for the enzymatic activities against EGFR and EGFR mutants by kinase target-based cell screening method. The results demonstrate that most compounds exhibit selectively inhibitory activities against TEL-EGFR-L858R–BaF3, especially compound 9h with GI50 = 0.008 μM (TEL-EGFR-L858R–BaF3), 0.0069 μM (TEL-EGFR-C797S–BaF3), >10 μM (BaF3), >10 μM (TEL-EGFR-BaF3) and 6.03 μM (TEL-EGFR-T790M-L858R–BaF3). The results from anti-proliferative assays in two NSCLC cell lines indicate that synthetic derivatives (9g, 9h, 15e and 15f) with H2S donor ACS81 display greater anti-proliferative potency against NSCLC cell line H3255 bearing EGFR mutant (L858R) with GI50 values ranging from 0.3486 to 1.348 μM. In addition, compound 9h exhibits weak anti-proliferative effects on other tumor cells (HepG2, MCF-7, HT-29 and A431) and has lower toxic effect on HUVEC cells than AZD9291 (positive control). Meanwhile, compound 9h inhibits the phosphorylation of EGFR in H3255 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Cell cycle analysis reveals that compound 9h suppresses the proliferation of cells by inducing cell cycle arrest in G0-G1 phase. The result of H2S release evaluation suggests that the H2S release of compound 9h is significantly more and faster than other compounds.
- An, Lin,Gao, Cai-Yun,Li, Cheng-Lin,Liu, Yi,Meng, Long,Wu, Xiao-Qing,Xu, Liang,Zhang, Ling,Zhang, Wu-Qi,Zheng, You-Guang
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-
- Synthesis and antimicrobial activity of novel 1,2,3-triazole-conjugates of quinazolin-4-ones
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A novel series of diethyl{4-[(4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)methyl]-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl}alkylphosphonates 9aa–aj and their respective derivatives substituted at C6 of the quinazolinone moiety with a bromine atom (9ba–bj) or a nitro group (9ca–cj) were synthesized and assessed for the antibacterial activity toward selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Their antifungal activity was also screened. Compound 9ac was found to be the most active against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6535 (MIC 0.625 mg/mL, MBC 1.25 mg/mL), phosphonates 9ab–ai showed promising activity against Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212 (MIC = 0.625 mg/mL, MBC = 1.25 mg/mL), while compounds 9ac–j appeared the most active toward Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853 (MIC = 0.625 mg/mL, MBC = 1.25 mg/mL). Antifungal assays of compounds 9aa–aj, 9ba–bj, and 9ca–cj were conducted on Candida albicans ATCC 10231 and Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 and revealed noticeable activity of 9aa–aj (MIC = 1.25 mg/mL).
- G?owacka, Iwona E.,Grzonkowski, Piotr,Lisiecki, Pawe?,Kalinowski, ?ukasz,Piotrowska, Dorota G.
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- Novel 3,4-dihydro-4-oxoquinazoline-based acetohydrazides: Design, synthesis and evaluation of antitumor cytotoxicity and caspase activation activity
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In search for novel small molecules with antitumor cytotoxicity via activating procaspase-3, we have designed and synthesized three series of novel (E)-N′-benzylidene-4-oxoquinazolin-3(4H)-yl)acetohydrazides (5a-j, 6a-h, and 7a-h). On the phenyl ring ò the benzylidene part, three different substituents, including 2-OH-4-OCH3, 4-OCH3, and 4-N(CH3)2, were introduced, respectively. Biological evaluation showed that the acetohydrazides in series 5a-j, in which the phenyl ring of the benzylidene part was substituted by 2-OH-4-OCH3 substituent, exhibited potent cytotoxicity against three human cancer cell lines (SW620, colon; PC-3, prostate; NCI-H23, lung). Most of the compounds, in this series, especially compounds 5c, 5b and 5h, also significantly activated caspase-3 activity. Among these, compound 5c displayed 1.61-fold more potent than PAC-1 as caspase-3 activator. Cell cycle analysis showed that compounds 5b, 5c, and 5h significantly arrested the cell cycle in G1 phase. Further apoptotic studies also demonstrated compounds 5b, 5c, and 5h as strong apoptotic cell death inducers. The docking simulation studies showed that these compounds could activate procaspase via chelating Zn2+ ion bound to the allosteric site of the zymogen.
- Huan, Le Cong,Tran, Phuong-Thao,Phuong, Cao Viet,Duc, Phan Huy,Anh, Duong Tien,Hai, Pham The,Huong, Le Thi Thu,Thuan, Nguyen Thi,Lee, Hye Jin,Park, Eun Jae,Kang, Jong Soon,Linh, Nguyen Phuong,Hieu, Tran Trung,Oanh, Dao Thi Kim,Han, Sang-Bae,Nam, Nguyen-Hai
-
-
- Hetero-aromatic compound and its use in medicine
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The invention provides a hetero-aromatic compound or a stereisomer, geometric isomer, tautomer, despinner, nitrogen oxide, hydrate, solvate, metabolite, metabolism precursor and pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, which is used for treating proliferative diseases. The invention also discloses a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound and an application of the compound or pharmaceutical composition thereof in preparation of a medicine for treating proliferative diseases.
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Paragraph 1684; 1687-1689
(2019/07/04)
-
- Method for preparing lapatinib key intermediates
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The invention discloses a method for preparing lapatinib key intermediates. The method includes steps of (1), carrying out chlorination on formamidine or salt of the formamidine and N-chlorosuccinimide to prepare compounds 2 or salt of the compounds 2; (2), carrying out reaction on the compounds 2 or the salt of the compounds 2 and compounds 3 to obtain compounds 5; (3), carrying out reaction on the compounds 5 and thionyl chloride to obtain compounds 6 which are the lapatinib key intermediates. The method has the advantages of inexpensive and easily available starting materials, simplified steps, high atom utilization rate, mild reaction conditions, high yield, suitability for industrial production and the like.
- -
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Paragraph 0010; 0024; 0028-0035; 0046-0049
(2018/09/12)
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- Efficient and selective microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed synthesis of quinazolinone derivatives in aqueous
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Microwave-assisted copper-catalyzed cascade reactions between 2-halobenzoic acids and amidines to synthesize quinazolinone derivatives in water are reported. A variety of target products were obtained in good to excellent yields up to 94%. Its application was performed by the synthesis of 4-(1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-ylthio)-6-methoxypteridine, which displayed significant anti-proliferation effect.
- Ke, Fang,Liu, Caiqin,Zhang, Peng,Xu, Jianhua,Chen, Xiaole
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supporting information
p. 3089 - 3098
(2018/12/04)
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- Method for synthesizing lapatinib or intermediate 5-(4-hydroxy quinazoline)-furan-2-formaldehyde of lapatinib
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing lapatinib or intermediate 5-(4-hydroxy quinazoline)-furan-2-formaldehyde of lapatinib. The method for synthesizing the intermediate comprises steps as follows: 4-hydroxy-6-nitro quinazoline reacts with hydrazine hydrate in a solvent in the presence of a catalytic amount of catalyst, and 4-hydroxy-6-amino quinazoline is prepared; 4-hydroxy-6-amino quinazoline reacts with furaldehyde in the solvent in presence of acid, sodium nitrite and a catalytic amount of catalyst, and the intermediate is prepared. The invention further relates to a method for synthesizing lapatinib and/or a lapatinib salt, a lapatinib intermediate and/or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the intermediate. The method is performed by using the intermediate synthesized with the method. The method has the advantages that steps are simplified, agents are cheap, available and high in utilization rate, heavy metal pollution is avoided, the reaction condition/operation requirement is lower and/or the yield is high and the like.
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Paragraph 0034; 0036; 0037; 0038; 0054; 0055
(2017/03/22)
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- Method for synthesizing lapatinib or intermediate thereof
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The invention relates to a method for synthesizing lapatinib or an intermediate thereof. The method for synthesizing the intermediate comprises the steps as follows: under the condition that a catalytic quantity of a catalyst exists in a solvent, 4-amino-5-(4-(3-chloro-4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy) phenylamino)-quinazoline reacts with furfural for preparation of 5-(4-(3-chloro-4-(3-fluorobenzyloxy) phenylamino)-quinazoline-6-yl)furyl-2-carboxaldehyde hydrochloride, and the intermediate is prepared. The invention further relates to a method for synthesizing lapatinib and/or salt of lapatinib, the intermediate of lapatinib and/or pharmaceutically acceptable salt of the intermediate, and the method is performed with the intermediate which is synthesized by the previous method. The method has the advantages that steps are simplified, a reagent is cheap, available and high in use ratio, pollution from heavy metal is avoided, and requirements for reaction conditions/operation are relatively low and/or the yield is high.
- -
-
Paragraph 0040; 0041; 0042; 0055; 0056
(2017/06/30)
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- Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of novel 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives bearing amino acid moiety as potential EGFR kinase inhibitors
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In this study, a series of 4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives bearing amino acid moiety were designed, synthesized and evaluated for biological activities. The synthesized compounds were screened for anticancer activity against human hepatocellular carcinoma cell HepG2 using SRB assay. In?vitro cell growth inhibition assays indicated that compound 6m exhibited moderate inhibitory activities only against human hepatocellular carcinoma cells HepG2 with IC50 of 8.3?μM. Synthetic derivatives showed excellent selectivity, such as compound 6m demonstrated a strong inhibition of EGFR (IC50?=?0.0032?μM), with selectivity of over 2000-fold over other kinases. Apoptosis analysis revealed that compound 6m caused obvious induction of cell apoptosis. 6m significantly down-regulated the expression of Bcl-2 and up-regulated the expression of Bax, decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm), promoted the mitochondrial cytochrome c release into the cytoplasm, activated caspase-3, and finally induced apoptosis of HepG2 cells. Molecular docking indicated that compound 6m could bind well with EGFR. Therefore, compound 6m may be a potential agent for cancer therapy deserving further research.
- Zheng, You-Guang,Su, Jun,Gao, Cai-Yun,Jiang, Ping,An, Lin,Xue, Yun-Sheng,Gao, Jian,Liu, Yi
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p. 393 - 405
(2017/03/10)
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- QUINAZOLINE DERIVATIVE AND PREPARATION METHOD THEREFOR
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The present invention relates to a quinazoline derivative shown in formula (I) and a preparation method therefor, a pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound shown in formula (I), and an application of the compound in preparing drugs for curing and preventing tumors. The compound of the present invention can irreversibly prevent EGFR phosphorylation, and effectively depress signal transduction of cancer cells, and accordingly has higher anti-tumor activity in vitro and in vivo,
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Paragraph 0241
(2016/08/17)
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- A microwave catalysis in the aqueous phase a method of preparing Quinazolinone compounds
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The invention discloses a method for preparing quinazolinone in water phase through microwave catalysis. The method comprises the step: by utilizing a water-soluble coordination compound (such as 8-hydroxyquinoline) as a catalyst, carrying out high-efficiency microwave catalysis on the reaction of 2-halogenated benzaldehyde and amidine salts in pure water phase. The invention relates to a method for preparing a quinazolinone compound, which is environment-friendly, simple and convenient to operate, safe and low-cost, and high-efficiency. Compared with the prior art, the method not only can be applicable to a great deal of functional groups, high in yield, fewer in side products, but also is simple and safe to operate, low in cost, and environment-friendly.
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Paragraph 0041
(2017/02/09)
-
- 6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives and their synthesis method and use
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The invention discloses 6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives and their synthesis method and use and belongs to the technical field of drug synthesis. The invention also relates to a use of the 6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives with a general formula (I) and its synthesis method in medical science, wherein in the general formula (I), X represents (CH2)n-1, n=1 to 10 and R1, R2 and R3 represent different substituents. The invention discloses the compound structures and their synthesis method and external acetylcholinesterase inhibition activity. The 6-amino-4(3H)-quinazolinone derivatives can be further studied and developed to form novel drugs for treating Alzheimer disease.
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Paragraph 0027; 0028
(2016/12/22)
-
- Phenyl [...] compound and its preparation method, pharmaceutical composition, drug use (by machine translation)
-
The invention provides a phenylurea coupling quinazoline compound or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof represented by formula (I), wherein R1 represents H, represents Br, Cl or F, represents -CH3, -CH2-CH3, -CH2(CH3)2 or -CF3, represents -O-CH3, -O-CH2-CH3 or -O-CH2(CH3)2, or represents -C[triple bond]CH or -C[triple bond]N; n1 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; one of R2 and R3 is a group represented by formula (II); R4 represents H, represents Br, Cl or F, represents -CH3, -CH2-CH3, -CH2(CH3)2 or -CF3, represents -O-CH3, -O-CH2-CH3 or -O-CH2(CH3)2, represents -NH2, or represents -NO2; n2 is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; and the other one of R2 and R3 represents H, -O-CH3, -O-CH2-CH3, -O-CH2(CH3)2, or the following groups.
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Paragraph 0329; 0331-0333
(2016/10/27)
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- Microwave-assisted synthesis of new 6-ureido-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives
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An efficient rapid method for the synthesis of new 6-ureido-4-anilinoquinazoline derivatives derived from 2-amino-5-nitrobenzoic acid under microwave irradiation has been developed. All of the new compounds were identified by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, IR, MS and elemental analyses.
- Zheng, Youguang,Gao, Caiyun,Huang, Rongrong,Liu, Yi,Xue, Yunsheng,An, Lin
-
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- H2S donor compound based on quinazoline structure and application thereof
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The invention discloses an H2S donor compound based on a quinazoline structure and an application thereof. The H2S donor compound is a compound shown as a formula (I) or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, wherein Ar is substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, and a substituent thereof is selected from one or more of halogen, nitro, C1-C4 alkyl, halogenated C1-C4 alkyl, alkoxy with 1-4 carbon atoms and halogenated alkoxy with 1-4 carbon atoms; X is alkoxy with 1-4 carbon atoms, a B-NH or A-CH2CO-NH- group; Y is a H, B-CnH2nO- or A-CnH2nO- group; A or B is a H2S donor group; n is an integer being 1-5; Y is not H when X is alkoxy with 1-3 carbon atoms. A series of H2S donor compounds based on a 4-anilino quinazoline structure are designed and synthesized, and the antineoplastic activity of a medicament is increased under the synergistic action of H2S and 4-anilino quinazoline derivatives. The formula of the H2S donor compound is shown in the description.
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Paragraph 0178; 0179; 0180
(2017/07/20)
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- Carbon Dioxide Mediated Novel Synthesis of Quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione in Water
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A novel, efficient, and scalable CO2 mediated synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione was developed by a simple cyclization of 2-aminobenzonitrile with DMF in water as the solvent. This is the first report of its kind. DMF was used as the necessary carbon source in the synthesis of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione. This synthetic protocol is very efficient; it gives >99% conversion with excellent selectivity. The product was isolated by filtration because of the highly insoluble nature of quinazoline-2,4(1H,3H)-dione in water. The co-product, dimethyl amine, also has industrial importance, and the CO2 that is used can be recycled. This protocol has wide-spread applications in the syntheses of benzimidazole and benzothiazole.
- Rasal, Kalidas B.,Yadav, Ganapati D.
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p. 2067 - 2073
(2016/12/24)
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- Highly chemo- and regioselective allylic substitution with tautomerizable heteroarenes
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Tautomerizable heteroarenes, bearing multiple interconvertible nucleophilic centers exhibit high chemo- and regioselective allylation irrespective of allylating agents used under Pd-catalysis. The achieved selectivity may be attributed to the dominant lactam form of heteroarenes and Pd-catalyzed intramolecular allylic substitution. A generalized green protocol for chemo- and regioselective allylation of biologically relevant heteroarenes with allyl alcohols in dimethyl carbonate (DMC) as solvent was developed. Excellent selectivity was observed during intermolecular competition study demonstrating the differential nucleophilicity of tautomerizable heteroarenes and differential allyl palladium forming ability of a variety of allyl alcohols.
- Kumar, Dinesh,Vemula, Sandeep R.,Cook, Gregory R.
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supporting information
p. 4300 - 4306
(2015/08/11)
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- Design, synthesis and bioactivities evaluation of novel quinazoline analogs containing oxazole units
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A novel type of quinazoline derivatives, which were designed by the combination of quinazoline as the backbone and oxazole scaffold as the substituent, have been synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated for anti-proliferative activities and EGFR inhibitory potency. Compound 12b demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activity (IC 50=0.95 μmol/L for EGFR), which could be optimized as a potential EGFR inhibitor in the further study. The structures of the synthesized quinazoline analogs and all intermediates were comfirmed by 1H and 13C NMR, 2D NMR spectra, IR spectra and MS spectra. Copyright
- Hou, Xuehui,Zhang, Jingyu,Zhao, Xuan,Chang, Liming,Hu, Ping,Liu, Hongmin
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supporting information
p. 538 - 544
(2014/07/08)
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- TARGETED COVALENT PROBES AND INHIBITORS OF PROTEINS CONTAINING REDOX-SENSITIVE CYSTEINES
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Covalent, irreversible small-molecule inhibitors that modify the sulfenyl form (i.e., sulfenic acid, RSOH and sulfenamide, RSNR'2) of therapeutically important proteins (particularly kinases and phosphatases) are disclosed, where the compositions include a compound having a substituted aryl or heterocyclic core structure that promotes binding interactions with a specific protein, and a nucleophilic reaction center (carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, or phosphorous) that is capable of forming a covalent bond with a sulfenic acid- or sulfenamide-modified cysteine residue in the protein. Methods for synthesizing these compounds are also disclosed, as well as methods of using them for determining the bioactivity of a chemical composition comprising an active compound toward a specific protein and for determining the potency of an inhibitor against a specific protein.
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Page/Page column 0095
(2014/06/24)
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- PROCESS FOR THE PREPARATION OF LAPATINIB
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Present process relates to an improved and commercial process for the preparation of lapatinib of formula-I or its pharmaceutically acceptable p-toluenesulfonate salt involving novel intermediates of formulae-XVII, XVIII, and XIX. Present process utilizes Meerwein reaction as a key step in the aryl C-C bond formation step avoiding costly boronate coupling chemistry used in the conventional synthesis of lapatinib.
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Page/Page column 12
(2014/11/11)
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- Design and synthesis of novel quinazoline derivatives and their evaluation as PI3Ks inhibitors
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The aim of this work was to synthesize 4-acetamido-, 4-amino- and 4-oxo-6-substituted aminoquinazolines and to evaluate them as phosphoinositide 3-kinases (PI3Ks) inhibitors. The respective chemotype was designed based on combining the structural features
- El-Said, Omar Maged,Hamed, Mostafa Mohamed,Laufer, Stefan,Abadi, Ashraf Hassan
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p. 1166 - 1172
(2015/02/19)
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- Synthesis, biological evaluation and QSAR study of a series of substituted quinazolines as antimicrobial agents
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A novel series of 1-N-substituted-3-(4-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2- ylthio)quinazolin-6-yl)urea/thiourea derivatives (6a-6r) and 1-N-substituted-3-(7-(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)-4-(5-(pyridin-3-yl)-1,3, 4-oxadiazol-2-ylthio)quinazolin-6-yl)urea/thiourea derivatives (14a-14s) were synthesized and screened for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Biological results indicated that the synthesized compounds showed a broad-spectrum activity against tested microorganisms at MIC values between 6.25 and 100 μg/mL. Compound 6r showed a broad spectrum of activity and was found to be active against all tested species. A quantitative structure-activity relationship study has been carried out on the synthesized compounds to get better insights into pharmacophoric features responsible for the antibacterial activity. Genetic function approximation technique was used to identify descriptors that influence biological activity. Hydrophobic (AlogP98), electronic (atomic polarizability), and topological (radius of gyration) descriptors were found to affect the activity significantly. Generated model was found to be statistically significant (r 2 = 0.86, predictive index = 0.96) and predictive as indicated by very low residuals in internal and external cross-validation.
- Buha, Vipul M.,Rana, Dharmaraj N.,Chhabria, Mahesh T.,Chikhalia, Kishor H.,Mahajan, Bhushan M.,Brahmkshatriya, Pathik S.,Shah, Nisha K.
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p. 4096 - 4109
(2013/09/02)
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- Design, synthesis, biological evaluation, and molecular modeling study of 4-alkoxyquinazoline derivatives as potential VEGFR2 kinase inhibitors
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A series of novel 4-alkoxyquinazoline derivatives were prepared and synthesized and their biological activities were evaluated as potential inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2). Of these compounds, compound 3j demonstrated the most potent inhibitory activities against VEGFR2 tyrosine kinase and cell proliferation, the IC50 values of this compound reaching up to 2.72 nM and 0.35 μM, respectively, compared with Tivozanib (3.40 nM and 0.38 μM). The obtained results, along with a 3D-QSAR study and molecular docking that was used for investigating the probable binding mode, could provide an important basis for further optimization of compound 3j as a potential tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013.
- Sun, Jian,Li, Dong-Dong,Li, Jing-Ran,Fang, Fei,Du, Qian-Ru,Qian, Yong,Zhu, Hai-Liang
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p. 7676 - 7686
(2013/11/06)
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- Novel synthesis of angular thiazolo[5,4-f] and [4,5-h]quinazolines, preparation of their linear thiazolo[4,5-g] and [5,4-g]quinazoline analogs
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Synthesis of 9-oxo-8,9-dihydrothiazolo[5,4-f]quinazoline-2-carbonitrile (1) or 6-oxo-6,7-dihydrothiazolo[4,5-h]quinazoline-2-carbonitrile (2) was reinvestigated with the ambition of varying the position of the thiazole ring linked to the quinazolin-4-one
- Hédou, Damien,Guillon, Rémi,Lecointe, Charlotte,Logé, Cédric,Chosson, Elizabeth,Besson, Thierry
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p. 3182 - 3191
(2013/04/24)
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- Combinatorial synthesis of labelled drugs and PET tracers: Synthesis of a focused library of 11C-carbonyl-labelled acrylamides as potential biomarkers of EGFR expression
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Combinatorial synthesis is extensively used in drug development and lead optimisation. However, this approach has rarely been used for positron emission tomography because of limitations in available technologies. [ 11C]Carbon monoxide is amenable to combinatorial synthesis in transition-metal-catalysed reactions because it can react with a wide variety of electrophiles and nucleophiles, which opens up the possibilities for combinatorial radiochemistry. Herein, we exemplify the combinatorial approach by 11C-labelling a library of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. The selection of candidates was guided by molecular docking. Epidermal growth factor receptor is overexpressed in a variety of tumours, and it has become an important drug target. The 11C-labelling reactions were performed using four substituted vinyl iodides and three different 4-anilino-6-aminoquinazolines using a palladium-mediated reaction with [ 11C]carbon monoxide using a single set of reaction conditions. In total, 12 labelled acrylamide derivatives were radiolabelled and obtained in 24-61% decay-corrected radiochemical yield (from [11C]carbon monoxide). Starting from 5.6 GBq [11C]carbon monoxide, 0.85 GBq of formulated N-[4-(3-bromo-phenylamino)-quinazolin-6-yl]-acryl[ 11C]amide [11C]12da was obtained within 47 min from end of bombardment (specific activity of 60 GBq μmol-1). This strategy is an example of how [11C]carbon monoxide can be utilised in the labelling of libraries of drug candidates and positron emission tomography tracers for in vitro and in vivo testing. Copyright
- ?berg, Ola,L?ngstr?ma, Bengt
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p. 477 - 483
(2013/03/28)
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- Synthesis and SAR optimization of quinazolin-4(3H)-ones as poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 inhibitors
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We have demonstrated that quinazolin-4(3H)-one, a nicotinamide (NI) mimic with PARP-1 inhibitory activity in the high micromolar range (IC50 = 5.75 μM) could be transformed into highly active derivatives with only marginal increase in molecular weight. Convenient one to two synthetic steps allowed us to explore extensive SAR at the 2-, and 5- through 8-positions of the quinazolin-4(3H)-one scaffold. Substitutions at the 2- and 8-positions were found to be most favorable for improved PARP-1 inhibition. The amino group at 8-position resulted in compound 22 with an IC50 value of 0.76 μM. Combination of the 8-amino substituent with an additional methyl substituent at the 2-position provided the most potent compound 31 [8-amino-2-methylquinazolin- 4(3H)-one, IC50 = 0.4 μM] in the present study. Compound 31 inhibited the proliferation of Brca1-deficient cells with an IC50 value of 49.0 μM and displayed >10-fold selectivity over wild type counterparts. Binding models of these derivatives within the active site of PARP-1 have further supported the SAR data and will be useful for future lead optimization efforts.
- Kulkarni, Shridhar S.,Singh, Satyakam,Shah, Janki R.,Low, Woon-Kai,Talele, Tanaji T.
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experimental part
p. 264 - 273
(2012/07/14)
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- Irreversible inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor activity by 3-aminopropanamides
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Irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors contain a reactive warhead which covalently interacts with a conserved cysteine residue in the kinase domain. The acrylamide fragment, a commonly employed warhead, effectively alkylates Cys797 of EGFR, but its reactivity can cause rapid metabolic deactivation or nonspecific reactions with off-targets. We describe here a new series of irreversible inhibitors containing a 3-aminopropanamide linked in position 6 to 4-anilinoquinazoline or 4-anilinoquinoline-3- carbonitrile driving portions. Some of these compounds proved to be as efficient as their acrylamide analogues in inhibiting EGFR-TK (TK = tyrosine kinase) autophosphorylation in A549 lung cancer cells. Moreover, several 3-aminopropanamides suppressed proliferation of gefitinib-resistant H1975 cells, harboring the T790M mutation in EGFR, at significantly lower concentrations than did gefitinib. A prototypical compound, N-(4-(3-bromoanilino)quinazolin-6- yl)-3-(dimethylamino)propanamide (5), did not show covalent binding to cell-free EGFR-TK in a fluorescence assay, while it underwent selective activation in the intracellular environment, releasing an acrylamide derivative which can react with thiol groups.
- Carmi, Caterina,Galvani, Elena,Vacondio, Federica,Rivara, Silvia,Lodola, Alessio,Russo, Simonetta,Aiello, Stefania,Bordi, Fabrizio,Costantino, Gabriele,Cavazzoni, Andrea,Alfieri, Roberta R.,Ardizzoni, Andrea,Petronini, Pier Giorgio,Mor, Marco
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scheme or table
p. 2251 - 2264
(2012/05/20)
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- Method for the Fluorescent Detection of Nitroreductase Activity Using Nitro-Substituted Aromatic Compounds
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A method utilising one or more fluorogenic probes, for the detection of nitroreductase activity. The non-fluorescent probes are reduced in the presence of nitroreductase to form fluorescent derivatives that may be detected using fluorescence spectroscopy. In particular, the method may be used to detect and/or identify a plurality of nitroreductase in a single test environment
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- Substituted 2H-isoquinolin-1-one as potent Rho-Kinase inhibitors. Part 1: Hit-to-lead account
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Two closely related scaffolds were identified through an uHTS campaign as desirable starting points for the development of Rho-Kinase (ROCK) inhibitors. Here, we describe our hit-to-lead evaluation process which culminated in the rapid discovery of potent leads such as 22 which successfully demonstrated an early in vivo proof of concept for anti-hypertensive activity.
- Wu, Frank,Büttner, Frank H.,Chen, Rhonda,Hickey, Eugene,Jakes, Scott,Kaplita, Paul,Kashem, Mohammed A.,Kerr, Steven,Kugler, Stanley,Paw, Zofia,Prokopowicz, Anthony,Shih, Cheng-Kon,Snow, Roger,Young, Erick,Cywin, Charles L.
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scheme or table
p. 3235 - 3239
(2010/08/22)
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- Novel irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors by chemical modulation of the cysteine-trap portion
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Irreversible EGFR inhibitors can circumvent acquired resistance to first-generation reversible, ATPcompetitive inhibitors in the treatment of non-small-cell lung cancer. They contain both a driver group, which assures target recognition, and a warhead, generally an acrylamide or propargylamide fragment that binds covalently to Cys797 within the kinase domain of EGFR. We performed a systematic exploration of the role for the warhead group, introducing different cysteine-trapping fragments at position 6 of a traditional 4-anilinoquinazoline scaffold. We found that different reactive groups, including epoxyamides (compounds 3-6) and phenoxyacetamides (compounds 7-9), were able to irreversibly inhibit EGFR. In particular, at significant lower concentrations than gefitinib (1), (2R,3R)N-(4-(3-bromoanilino)quinazolin-6-yl)- 3 -(piperidin-1 -ylmethyl)oxirane-2-carboxamide (6) inhibited EGFR autophosphorylation and downstream signaling pathways, suppressed proliferation, and induced apoptosis in gefitinib-resistant NSCLC H1975 cells, harboring the T790M mutation in EGFR.
- Carmi, Caterina,Cavazzoni, Andrea,Vezzosi, Stefano,Bordi, Fabrizio,Vacondio, Federica,Silva, Claudia,Rivara, Silvia,Lodola, Alessio,Alfieri, Roberta R.,La Monica, Silvia,Galetti, Maricla,Ardizzoni, Andrea,Petronini, Pier Giorgio,Mor, Marco
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scheme or table
p. 2038 - 2050
(2010/08/20)
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- Discovery of a novel Her-1/Her-2 dual tyrosine kinase inhibitor for the treatment of Her-1 selective inhibitor-resistant non-small cell lung cancer
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A novel series of (S)-1-acryloyl-N-[4-(arylamino)-7-(alkoxy)quinazolin-6- yl]pyrrolidine-2-carboxamides were synthesized and evaluated as Her-1/Her-2 dual inhibitors. In contrast to the Her-1 selective inhibitors, our novel compounds are irreversible inhi
- Mi, Young Cha,Lee, Kwang-Ok,Jong, Woo Kim,Chang, Gon Lee,Ji, Yeon Song,Young, Hoon Kim,Gwan, Sun Lee,Seung, Bum Park,Maeng, Sup Kim
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scheme or table
p. 6880 - 6888
(2010/04/24)
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- Processes and intermediates for the preparation of N4-phenyl-quinazoline-4-amine derivatives
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This invention provides compounds of Formula (I), wherein B, G, A, E, R1, R2, R3, m and n are as defined herein, which are useful as type I receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, and methods of use thereof in the treatment of hyperproliferative disorders in mammals.
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Page/Page column 59
(2009/09/05)
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- Hybrid compound design to overcome the gatekeeper T338M mutation in cSrc
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The emergence of drug resistance remains a fundamental challenge in the development of kinase inhibitors that are effective over long-term treatments. Allosteric inhibitors that bind to sites lying outside the highly conserved ATP pocket are thought to be more selective than ATP-competitive inhibitors and may circumvent some mechanisms of drug resistance. Crystal structures of type I and allosteric type III inhibitors in complex with the tyrosine kinase cSrc allowed us to employ principles of structure-based design to develop these scaffolds into potent type II kinase inhibitors. One of these compounds, 3c (RL46), disrupts FAK-mediated focal adhesions in cancer cells via direct inhibition of cSrc. Details gleaned from crystal structures revealed a key feature of a subset of these compounds, a surprising flexibility in the vicinity of the gatekeeper residue that allows these compounds to overcome a dasatinib-resistant gatekeeper mutation emerging in cSrc.
- Getlik, Matth?us,Grütter, Christian,Simard, Jeffrey R.,Klüter, Sabine,Rabiller, Matthias,Rode, Haridas B.,Robubi, Armin,Rauh, Daniel
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experimental part
p. 3915 - 3926
(2009/12/28)
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- Development of a fluorescent-tagged kinase assay system for the detection and characterization of allosteric kinase inhibitors
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Kinase disregulation disrupts the intricate network of intracellular signaling pathways and contributes to the onset of diseases such as cancer. Although several kinase inhibitors are on the market, inhibitor selectivity and drug resistance mutations persist as fundamental challenges in the development of effective long-term treatments. Chemical entities binding to less conserved allosteric sites would be expected to offer new opportunities for scaffold development. Because no high-throughput method was previously available, we developed a fluorescence-based kinase binding assay for identifying and characterizing ligands which stabilize the inactive kinase conformation. Here, we present a description of the development and validation of this assay using the serine/threonine kinase p38R. By covalently attaching fluorophores to the activation loop of the kinase, we were able to detect conformational changes and measure the Kd, kon, and koff associated with the binding and dissociation of ligands to the allosteric pocket. We report the SAR of a synthesized focused library of pyrazolourea derivatives, a scaffold known to bind with high affinity to the allosteric pocket of p38R. Additionally, we used protein X-ray crystallography together with our assay to examine the binding and dissociation kinetics to characterize potent quinazoline- and quinoline-based type II inhibitors, which also utilize this binding pocket in p38α. Last, we identified the b-Raf inhibitor sorafenib as a potent low nanomolar inhibitor of p38α and used protein X-ray crystallography to confirm a unique binding mode to the inactive kinase conformation.
- Simard, Jeffrey R.,Getlik, Matthaeus,Gruetter, Christian,Pawar, Vijaykumar,Wulfert, Sabine,Rabiller, Matthias,Rauh, Daniel
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supporting information; experimental part
p. 13286 - 13296
(2010/01/30)
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- Synthesis and characterization of rhenium and technetium-99m tricarbonyl complexes bearing the 4-[3-bromophenyl]quinazoline moiety as a biomarker for EGFR-TK imaging
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Aiming at the development of technetium-99m (99mTc) complexes for early detection and staging of EGFR positive tumors, the tyrosine kinase inhibitor 6-amino-4-[(3-bromophenyl)amino]quinazoline was derivatized with pyridine-2-carboxaldehyde to g
- Bourkoula, Athanasia,Paravatou-Petsotas, Maria,Papadopoulos, Apostolos,Santos, Isabel,Pietzsch, Hans-Jurgen,Livaniou, Evangelia,Pelecanou, Maria,Papadopoulos, Minas,Pirmettis, Ioannis
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scheme or table
p. 4021 - 4027
(2009/12/04)
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