- A facile synthesis of saxagliptin intermediate N-Boc-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine
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Commercial-scale synthesis of (S)-N-Boc-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine (I), which is the key intermediate of saxagliptin, can be achieved from 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoacetic acid (6) by reductive amination with phenylalanine dehydrogenase. The biological enzyme used in the original medicinal chemistry route is expensive and not easily obtained, making it unsuitable for further development. In this work, we developed a conventional chemical approach to give the corresponding oxime from oxoacetic acid followed by reduction of oxime and protected amino with (Boc)2O to afford the racemic mixture of N-Boc-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine (III). Utilizing this route, N-Boc-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine was prepared in six linear chemical steps with 38 % overall yield.
- Chen, Yingjie,Wang, Anmin,Tao, Zhu,Deng, Yu,Hu, Xiangnan
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Read Online
- Synthetic method of saxagliptin intermediate
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The invention belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis, and particularly relates to a synthetic method of a saxagliptin intermediate. The intermediate is compound I, compound A2 is taken as a raw material, and compound I is obtained through hydrolysis hydroxylation, hydrogenation and amino protecting reaction. The compound A2 is oxidized by taking 1 - adamantane methanol as a raw material. The resulting compound A2. Due to the fact that the synthetic route is shortened, the production cycle is shortened, and the production cost is greatly reduced. The compound A2 to the compound A3, the hydrolysis and the hydroxylation are synthesized in one step in one step, the amount of waste acid water is greatly reduced, and the optical chiral protecting group is kept off, and the chiral value of the final compound I is greatly improved. The whole reaction process is mild in condition, free of harsh anhydrous anaerobic reaction, greatly reduced in wastewater amount and extremely high in product optical activity.
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Paragraph 0032; 0039-0040; 0043; 0050-0051
(2021/11/21)
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- Synthetic method of saxagliptin intermediate (by machine translation)
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(1) The compound 1 is reacted under the action of sodium ethoxide in a substitution reaction under the action of sodium ethoxide to form compound 2 by stirring and refluxing 2 under the action of sodium ethoxide to form compound 2; (8 hours) compound 3 is reacted 3 at room temperature under the alkaline condition by adding L - arginine to obtain a salvildagliptin intermediate, compound 3) and liquid bromine under the action of sodium ethoxide and then adding L-arginine under the action of sodium ethoxide under the action of sodium ethoxide and then 8 hours adding L-arginine 4 under the 4 action of 4 sodium ethoxide 12 hours. Raw materials and reagents are cheap and easily available, the reaction operation is simple, the reaction conditions are mild, the yield is high, the quality is good, the resolution end product can reach 99% ee values, and the requirements of drug intermediates are met. (by machine translation)
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Paragraph 0041-0043
(2020/11/23)
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- A process for preparing hydroxy adamantane glycine derivatives
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The invention aims to provide a novel and simple synthesis route of a hydroxyadamantylglycine derivative represented by the formula I, namely (aS)-a-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carboxyl]-amino]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantyl)-acetic acid) or salts of the derivative through developing a novel compound. A novel compound namely 2(aS)-a-amino-1-adamantyl-acetamide represented by the formula III is taken as the primary raw material and then is subjected to hydrolysis reactions and hydroxy group introduction so as to obtain the (aS)-a-[[(1,1-dimethylethoxy)carboxyl]-amino]-1-(3-hydroxyadamantyl)-acetic acid) represented by the formula I or salts of the derivative. The invention further provides a synthesis method of the novel compound represented by the formula III. The synthesis method can solve the disadvantages that the cost of enzyme catalyzed reactions is high, the enzyme catalyzed reactions are unstable, the chemical catalysis method has a low ee value, and the reaction product is not easy to purify in the prior art, and thus is more suitable for industrial production.
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- (S) - 3-hydroxy-adamantane preparation method of glycine
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The invention relates to a (s)-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine preparation method, which takes 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantane)-2-glyoxalic acid as a raw material, in a sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, under effects of a chiral catalyst and p-hydroxybenzylamine, (s)-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine can be generated, wherein the chiral catalyst is a quinoline alkaloid cinchonine derivative. The preparation method has the characteristics of mild reaction condition, high product yield, high purity and high enantiomer selectivity, has the advantages of short route, simple operation, no pollution and easy industrial production, and is the economic and simple method.
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Paragraph 0025-0036
(2019/04/27)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITORS AND INTERMEDIATES THEREFOR
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A process for preparing an amine of the structure which comprises a. treating an aqueous solution of a keto acid of the structure with ammonium formate, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, dithiothreitol and partially purified phenylalanine dehydrogenase and/or formate dehydrogenase enzyme (PDH/FDH); and b. adjusting pH of the reaction mixture with sodium hydroxide to form the desired amine which is substantially free of undesirable excess ammonium ions.
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Paragraph 0034; 0084; 0085; 0086
(2016/07/27)
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- Intermediate sand Geleg sandbank, its salt, its preparation process and its use (by machine translation)
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The invention discloses a saxagliptin intermediate, its salt, preparation method and application. The preparation method for the compound 1 or its salt comprises the step of: subjecting an intermediate compound 2 to reduction reaction at a reaction temperature ranging from -15DEG C to 45DEG C in a solvent under the effects of a reducing agent and an organic acid to obtain an intermediate compound 1 or its salt, with the reducing agent being a borohydride of an alkali metal. The preparation method for the compound 2 comprises the step of: under the protection of an inert gas and the action of the organic acid, reacting a compound B with a compound F in a solvent. The invention also discloses application of the intermediate compound or its salt in preparation of saxagliptin. The saxagliptin intermediate involved in the invention has the advantages of easy preparation, simple operation, mild condition, low cost and environmental friendliness, and can meet the requirements of industrial production. (formula 1 and formula 2).
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Paragraph 0156; 0157; 0158
(2016/10/08)
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- Intermediates for synthesizing sand Geleg sandbank N-tert-butoxycarbonyl-3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl-D-gly method
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The invention discloses a novel method of preparing an important saxagliptin intermediate N-t-butyloxycarboryl-3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl-D-glycine. The method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out an asymmetric reduction amination reaction on 2-(3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl)-2-oxo-tert-butyl acetate and benzylamine under the effect of a self-made chiral acylamino alcohol catalyst, and hydrolyzing ester to obtain 3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl-D-glycine; and S2, carrying out a reaction on 3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl-D-glycine and di-tert-butyl dicarbonate ester to obtain N-t-butyloxycarboryl-3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl-D-glycine. The synthetic method of the important saxagliptin intermediate N-t-butyloxycarboryl-3-hydroxyl-1-adamantyl-D-glycine provided by the invention is low in cost and available in raw materials, short in step, mild in reaction condition, simple and convenient to operate, high in synthetic efficiency, environment-friendly and suitable for industrialized production, and provides a novel path for preparing saxagliptin and intermediates thereof.
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Paragraph 0014; 0024; 0025; 0027
(2018/02/04)
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- Biocatalytic cascade reactions for asymmetric synthesis of aliphatic amino acids in a biphasic reaction system
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Abstract Enantiopure aliphatic amino acids, including l-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine (l-Hag), l-tert-leucine (l-Tle) and l-norvaline, are essential chiral building blocks for a number of pharmaceutical drugs. Here, we developed cascade enzyme reactions in an extractive biphasic system using a branched-chain amino acid transaminase (BCTA) and an (S)-selective ω-transaminase (ω-TA) for asymmetric synthesis of the aliphatic amino acids from achiral α-keto acid precursors. The extractive cascade reactions enabled equilibrium shift of the BCTA reaction by recycling an amino acid cosubstrate as well as acceleration of the ω-TA reaction by removing an inhibitory ketone product from an aqueous phase. Starting with 20 mM α-keto acid, 4 mM rac-homoalanine and 50 mM rac-α-methylbenzylamine (rac-α-MBA), the biphasic cascade reactions afforded synthesis of four unnatural amino acids (i.e., l-Tle, l-Hag, l-norvaline and l-norleucine) and two natural amino acids (i.e., l-valine and l-Leucine) with >92% conversion yield and >99.9% ee. To demonstrate the industrial feasibility of the extractive cascade reaction, preparative-scale synthesis of l-Hag was performed in a reaction mixture consisting of 300 mL hexane and 50 mL aqueous solution (50 mM phosphate buffer, pH 7.0) charged with 50 mM keto acid substrate, 5 mM l-homoalanine, 120 mM rac-α-MBA, 2 U/mL BCTA and 16 U/mL ω-TA. Conversion yield of l-Hag reached 92% with >99.9% ee at 70 h. Product isolation led to 0.32 g white solid of l-Hag (62 % isolation yield).
- Park, Eul-Soo,Shin, Jong-Shik
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- Biocatalytic asymmetric synthesis of unnatural amino acids through the cascade transfer of amino groups from primary amines onto keto acids
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Flee to the hills: An unfavorable equilibrium in the amino group transfer between amino acids and keto acids catalyzed by α-transaminases was successfully overcome by coupling with a ω-transaminase reaction as an equilibrium shifter, leading to efficient asymmetric synthesis of diverse unnatural amino acids, including L-tert-leucine and D-phenylglycine. Copyright
- Park, Eul-Soo,Dong, Joo-Young,Shin, Jong-Shik
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p. 3538 - 3542
(2014/01/06)
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- PROCESS FOR PREPARING SAXAGLIPTIN AND ITS NOVEL INTERMEDIATES USEFUL IN THE SYNTHESIS THEREOF
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Methods of making saxagliptin, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and hydrates thereof and intermediates thereof.
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Page/Page column 12
(2012/12/13)
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- PROCESS FOR THE REDUCTIVE AMINATION OF α-KETO CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
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The invention refers to a process for the reductive amination of α-keto carboxylic acids catalyzed by transition metal containing compounds.
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Page/Page column 9
(2012/03/26)
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- Asymmetric synthesis of l-tert-leucine and l-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine using branched chain aminotransferase
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l-Tert-leucine (Tle) and l-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine of (HAG) are important intermediates for a variety of pharmaceutical classes. They were asymmetrically produced from corresponding keto acids using branched-chain aminotransferase (BCAT) with l-glutamate (Glu) as an amino donor. For the production of l-Tle and l-HAG, BCAT from Enterobacter sp. TL3 (BCATen) and BCAT from Escherichia coli K12 (ilvE, newly named as BCATes) were used, respectively. In our current study, we characterized the basic properties of BCATen and BCATes such as substrate specificity, enantioselectivity, and kinetic parameters. The activities of BCATen and BCATes were inhibited severely by α-ketoglutarate which is a deaminated product of l-Glu. In the presence of 10 mM α-ketoglutarate, both enzymes activities were reduced up to 80%. In order to overcome product inhibition by α-ketoglutarate and the problem of equilibrium of the transamination reaction, coupling reactions were carried out with l-glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH)/formate dehydrogenase (FDH) and AspAT. The coupling reaction dramatically increased the yields of both target compounds. 135 mM of l-Tle (>99% ee) was produced from 150 mM corresponding keto acid in BCATen/GDH/FDH coupling reaction with 90% conversion. In addition, 90.5 mM l-HAG (>99% ee) was produced from 100 mM corresponding keto acid in BCATes/AspAT coupling reaction using recombinant whole-cells.
- Hong, Eun Young,Cha, Minho,Yun, Hyungdon,Kim, Byung-Gee
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body text
p. 228 - 233
(2011/01/03)
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- Preparation of an amino acid intermediate for the dipeptidyl Peptidase IV inhibitor, saxagliptin, using a modified phenylalanine dehydrogenase
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The non-proteinogenic amino acid 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-(2S)- aminoethanoic acid [2, (S)-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine], is a key intermediate required for the synthesis of Saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl peptidase IV inhibitor under development for treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Keto acid 2-(3-hydroxy-1-adamantyl)-2-oxoethanoic acid (1) was converted to (S)-3-hydroxyadamantylglycine by reductive amination using a phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedius expressed in a modified form in Pichia pastoris or Escherichia coli. NAD (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) produced during the reaction was recycled to NADH (reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) using formate dehydrogenase. Pichia pastoris produces an endogenous formate dehydrogenase when grown on methanol, and the corresponding gene was cloned and expressed in E. coli. The modified phenylalanine dehydrogenase contains two amino acid changes at the C-terminus and a 12-amino acid extension of the C-terminus. The modified enzyme is more effective with keto acid 1 than the wild-type enzyme, but less effective with the natural substrate, phenylpyruvate. Production of multi-kg batches was originally carried out with extracts of Pichia pastoris expressing the modified phenylalanine dehydrogenase from Thermoactinomyces intermedius and endogenous formate dehydrogenase, and further scaled up using a preparation of the two enzymes expressed in E. coli.
- Hanson, Ronald L.,Goldberg, Steven L.,Brzozowski, David B.,Tully, Thomas P.,Cazzulino, Dana,Parker, William L.,Lyngberg, Olav K.,Vu, True C.,Wong, Michael K.,Patel, Ramesh N.
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p. 1369 - 1378
(2008/03/28)
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- METHODS AND COMPOUNDS PRODUCING DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE IV INHIBITORS AND INTERMEDIATES THEREOF
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Methods and compounds for production of cyclopropyl-fused pyrrolidine-based inhibitors of dipeptidyl peptidase IV are provided
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